Doppler effect in the oscillator radiation process in the medium

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the radiation process of the charged particle passing through an external periodic field in a dispersive medium. In the optical range of spectrum we will consider two cases: first, the source has not eigenfrequency, and second, the source has eigenfrequency. In the first case, when the Cherenkov radiation occurs, the non-zero eigenfrequency produces a paradox for Doppler effect. It is shown that the absence of the eigenfrequency solves the paradox known in the literature. The question whether the process is normal (i.e. hard photons are being radiated under the small angles) or anomalous depends on the law of the medium dispersion. When the source has an eigenfrequency the Doppler effects can be either normal or anomalous. In the X-ray range of the oscillator radiation spectrum we have two photons radiated under the same angle- soft and hard. In this case the radiation obeys to so-called complicated Doppler effect, i.e. in the soft photon region we have anomalous Doppler effect and in the hard photon region we have normal Doppler effect.Comment: 6 pages, no figure

On the Possibility of Medium-Energy Compact X-ray Free-Electron Laser

The problem of X-ray Free-Electron Laser operating on self-amplified spontaneous emission in irregular microundulator is considered. The case when the spectrum width of spontaneous radiation is conditioned by the spatial distribution of sources creating the undulating field is considered. In this case gain function of the stimulated radiation is dozens of times higher than that of the conventional undulators. We propose a model of irregular microundulator, which can be used to construct a drastically cheap and compact X-ray free-electron laser operating on medium energy electron bunch.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, revtex4, accepted by Armenian Journal of Physic

Positron Bunch Radiation in the System of Tightly-Packed Nanotubes

The problem of channeling radiation of positron bunch in the system of packed nanotubes was investigated in the present work. Used the model of harmonic potential which is justified since on the one hand the number of positrons in the region near the axis of nanotube is small, and on the other hand their contribution to the formation of the total radiation is also small. The problem is solved in the dipole approximation. The radiation at first harmonic occurs at zero angle too. At zero angle are radiated both extremely hard and extremely soft photons due to the medium polarization. The frequency-angular distribution of number of emitted photons was received. The distribution does not depend on the azimuthal angle, since the task has cylindrical symmetry. Radiation at the zero angle is fully circularly polarized. For formation of radiation there is an energy threshold: lower threshold is due to the polarization of medium, the upper threshold depends on the oscillation amplitude of channelling positrons. When the bunch energy coincides with the upper threshold then in radiation contribute all channeled positrons. Each positron in average radiates one photon. Thus is formed intensive, quasi-monochromatic and circularly olarized X-ray photon beam which may have important practical application

Tunable thin film bulk acoustic wave resonators with improved Q-factor

The tunable solidly mounted Ba0.25Sr0.75TiO3 (BSTO) thin film bulk acoustic wave resonators (TFBARs) with improved Q-factor are fabricated and characterized. The BSTO films are grown by magnetron sputtering at temperature 600 degrees C and extremely low sputter gas pressure 2 mTorr using on-axis configuration. The measured TFBARs Q-factor is more than 250 and mechanical Q-factor is more than 350 at 5 GHz resonance frequency. The improvement in the Q-factor is associated with reduction in the BSTO film grain misorientation. The latter is responsible for generation of shear waves leaking through the Bragg reflector and corresponding acoustic loss. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics

Composite Ferroelectric FBARs That Are Switchable Between the First and Second Harmonics: Experimental Demonstration

Digital switching between the first and second harmonics, in a composite thin-film bulk acoustic wave resonator (FBAR), is demonstrated experimentally. The FBAR consists of two 180-nm-thick paraelectric-phase Ba0.25Sr0.75TiO3 films separated by a 50-nm-thick SrRuO3 conducting layer. The resonant frequency of this composite resonator (with Pt bottom and Al top electrodes) is switched from 3.6 GHz to 7.6 GHz, where the polarity of the 5 V dc bias is reversed on one of the ferroelectric films. The frequency switching ratio (f(2)/f(1) >= 2) depends on the thickness of the electrodes. Some adjustment of f(2)/f(1) is possible by changing the applied dc bias

Ferroelectric film bulk acoustic wave resonators for liquid viscosity sensing

A concept of accurate liquid viscosity sensing, using bulk acoustic wave (BAW) resonators, is proposed. The proposed BAW resonators use thin ferroelectric films with the dc field induced piezoelectric effect allowing for generation of pure longitudinal acoustic waves in the thickness excitation mode. This makes it possible to utilize exclusively shear liquid particle displacement at the resonator side walls and, therefore, accurate viscosity evaluation. The BAW resonators with the dc field induced piezoelectric effect in 0.67BiFeO(3)-0.33BaTiO(3) ferroelectric films are fabricated and their liquid viscosity sensing properties are characterized. The resonator response is analyzed using simple model of a harmonic oscillator damped by a viscous force. It is shown that the resonator Q-factor is inversely proportional to the square root of the viscosity-density product. The viscosity measurement resolution is estimated to be as high as 0.005 mPa.s, which is 0.5% of the water viscosity