11 research outputs found
Group-based body psychotherapy improves appreciation of body awareness in post-treatment cancer patients: A non-randomized clinical trial
IntroductionCancer-related impairments often co-occur with bodily disturbances. Body psychotherapy (BPT) can improve bodily wellbeing, yet evidence in cancer survivors is scarce. Hence, we aimed to evaluate whether blended group BPT alleviates bodily disturbances in post-treatment cancer patients.MethodsWe conducted a bi-center study (registered in ClinicalTrials.gov, under No. NCT03707548), applying a pre-post convergent parallel design of weekly group BPT interspersed with smartphone-based ambulatory interventions using a waiting-period comparator. We included patients with completed curatively intended treatment for malignant neoplasms, suffering from bodily disturbances. The primary outcome was body image disturbances. Secondary outcomes were experiencing and appreciating body awareness, mental wellbeing, and health-related quality of life.ResultsForty patients (mean age 51.7 years) attended group BPT. Mixed-effect linear regression models contrasting intervention with the waiting period did not show statistically significant differences regarding the primary outcome [Pre-post difference contrasts: 1.44, 95% confidence interval (CI): â1.51 to 4.93, p = 0.339]. However, patients showed greater improvements in appreciating body awareness, measured by the âBody Mindfulness Questionnaireâ (BMQ), from pre- to post-intervention as compared to the waiting period (pre-post difference contrasts: 7.31 95% CI: 4.15â10.47, Bonferroni-Holm corrected q = 0.0002).DiscussionWe found no evidence that blended group BPT was effective in improving body image disturbances in post-treatment cancer patients, but found indications for an increase in body awareness appreciation.Clinical trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT03707548
La professionnalisation de la psychologie sous le nazisme
Geuter Ulfried. La professionnalisation de la psychologie sous le nazisme. In: Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales. Vol. 64, septembre 1986. De quel droit ? p. 81
Les émotions et les défenses associées en tant que processus corporel
In Auseinandersetzung mit der zeitgenössischen, insbesondere der psychoanalytischen Emotionsforschung legen die Autoren ihre Ansicht dar, dass emotionale Prozesse und Prozesse der Emotionsabwehr immer auch körperliche Prozesse sind. Unter Bezug auf Wilhelm Reichs Konzepte von Atemblockade und Muskelpanzerung als körperlichen Bestandteilen der seelischen VerdrĂ€ngung sehen sie therapeutische Zugangswege zu abgewehrten Emotionen ĂŒber den Atem, die Körperhaltung und die Bewegung. Sie unterscheiden die Arbeit mit den Basisemotionen oder âvegetativen Affektenâ von der Arbeit mit selbstreflexiven GefĂŒhlen. Der Ablauf der affektiven Erregung folgt bei primĂ€ren Emotionen einer zeitlich-zyklischen Struktur, die im biodynamischen Modell des âaffektiven Zyklusâ beschrieben wird. Auf der Grundlage dieses Modells unterscheiden die Autoren unterschiedliche Arten der Blockierung des affektiven Flusses und diesen entsprechende Interventionstechniken zu ihrer Auflösung. Desweiteren erlĂ€utern sie die Begriffe der âdynamischen Entspannungâ und der âdynamischen AktivitĂ€tâ in ihrem Wert fĂŒr den körperpsychotherapeutischen Umgang mit Basisemotionen.SchlĂŒsselwörter: Emotionen/Affekte, Emotionsforschung, Abwehrtheorie, Körperpsychotherapie.Debating current research on emotion especially psychoanalytic theory of affects the authors argue that emotional processes and processes of defence of emotions coincide with bodily processes. Wilhelm Reichâs concepts of breathing block and muscle armouring as bodily correlatives of repression are used for approaching defenced emotions in psychotherapy by facing breath, body posture and movement. Work with primary emotions or âvegetative affects" is distinguished from work with self-reflective feelings. Affective excitation has a time course and a cyclic structure which can be described by the biodynamic model of the âaffective cycle". On the basis of this model the authors discriminate various points of blocks in the affective flow and relate them to different techniques of psychotherapeutic intervention. Moreover they deal with the concepts of âdynamic release" and âdynamic activity" in a model for body-psychotherapeutic work with the primary emotions.Keywords: Emotions/affects, emotion research, theory of defence, body psychotherapy.Au dĂ©but de la psychanalyse sâest situĂ© le travail de catharsis sur des affects refoulĂ©s. Mais au moment oĂč tut Ă©laborĂ©e la thĂ©orie des pulsions, la maniĂšre dont la psychanalyse percevait thĂ©oriquement les affects-est de plus en plus-passĂ©e en second plan. Ce nâest que ces derniĂšres annĂ©es que lâon a Ă nouveau attribuĂ© plus grande importance Ă cette dimension et dĂ©battu du travail thĂ©rapeutique sur les affects. Lâarticle prĂ©sente quelques idĂ©es concernant la maniĂšre dont les mĂ©thodes corporelles peuvent enrichir le processus, en travaillant sur le refoulement des affects.Wilhelm Reich avait signalĂ© il y a longtemps dĂ©jĂ que les processus de dĂ©fense et surtout le refoulement sâaccompagnent de manifestations vĂ©gĂ©tatives et musculaires. Il montra en particulier comment des processus corporels - la rĂ©duction de la respiration surtout - permettent de refouler des Ă©motions de toutes sortes. Reich en conclut que du point de vue de la technique de traitement, il devait sâagir de surmonter les dĂ©fenses contre les affects en travaillant sur le corps. Par contre, la thĂ©orie psychanalytique dans son Ă©tat actuel porte trop peu attention Ă lâaspect somatique des processus affectifs. Les rĂ©sistances sont dĂ©crites de maniĂšre essentiellement cognitive, bien que la thĂ©orie moderne des affects reconnaisse que les Ă©motions sont faites de diffĂ©rentes composantes, incluant des processus motorico-expressifs et vĂ©gĂ©tatifs en plus des aspects perception et dĂ©signation. La recherche psychologique a dĂ©montrĂ© Ă plusieurs reprises que, par exemple, la posture du corps influence directement la maniĂšre dont le contenu affectif dâune situation est vĂ©cu. Dâautres Ă©tudes ont montrĂ© que, par exemple, les patients souffrant de maux de tĂȘte tendent plus leurs muscles que des personnes faisant partie dâun groupe de contrĂŽle, tout en ayant un comportement moins expressif. Harald Traue Ă©crit quâun travail musculaire permet dâĂ©viter de participer Ă©motionnellement. Il considĂšre donc lâinhibition des Ă©motions comme un facteur pathogĂšne important et se dĂ©clare partisan dâune rĂ©habilitation des techniques dâexpression en psychothĂ©rapie.DiffĂ©rents auteurs distinguent deux groupes dâĂ©motions. Celles dites fondamentales, câest-Ă -dire les affects vĂ©gĂ©tatifs comme la colĂšre, la tristesse ou la joie; elles ont une forte intensitĂ© et une durĂ©e brĂšve, interrompent les activitĂ©s de la personne et sont en gĂ©nĂ©ral accompagnĂ©es de rĂ©actions vĂ©gĂ©tatives relativement fortes. Un deuxiĂšme groupe inclut les Ă©motions dites conceptuelles (centrĂ©es sur la rĂ©flexion de soi) comme la fiertĂ©, la honte ou la culpabilitĂ© et sont dirigĂ©es contre celui qui les produit. En rĂšgle gĂ©nĂ©rale, les interventions centrĂ©es sur le corps, comme par exemple les techniques cathartiques, sâorientent vers les «affects vĂ©gĂ©tatifs», alors que pour intervenir au niveau dâĂ©motions plus complexes on utilise plutĂŽt des moyens scĂ©niques ou lâĂ©lucidation de type cognitive-Ă©motionnel.Notons en outre que les Ă©motions vĂ©gĂ©tatives manifestent une structure cyclique (dimension temps) ou, si lâon veut, un certain schĂ©ma dâexcitation qui a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©crit par un modĂšle biodynamique du «cycle Ă©motionnel-vasomoteur». Selon ce modĂšle, le dĂ©roulement des processus dâexcitation affective peut ĂȘtre perçu comme un cercle: Ă partir dâun point de repos, un stimulus provoque un Ă©moi qui sâexprime ou se dĂ©charge, puis diminue; il y a ensuite phase de rĂ©cupĂ©ration et retour Ă un nouveau point de repos. Le modĂšle indique que des changements se produisent aux trois niveaux du systĂšme vĂ©gĂ©tatif, de lâaction des muscles et des structures neuronales gouvernant la perception, la cognition et lâexpĂ©rience consciente des Ă©motions. Le dĂ©roulement de ces processus peut ĂȘtre bloquĂ© Ă diffĂ©rents points du cycle et aux diffĂ©rents niveaux. La psychothĂ©rapie corporelle utilise des interventions spĂ©cifiques, permettant de dĂ©bloquer le dĂ©roulement des affects Ă diffĂ©rents niveaux. Elles peuvent ĂȘtre dĂ©crites briĂšvement comme suit : 1. perception, 2. activation, 3. âholdingâ, 4. permettre lâexpression et la catharsis, 5. Ă©limination dâexpressions et dâĂ©tats affectifs dysfonctionnels, 6. dĂ©tente, intĂ©gration et Ă©lucidation. Le travail psychothĂ©rapeutique incluant le corps ne requiert pas seulement des techniques adĂ©quates ; il faut aussi quâil tienne compte du rythme et du schĂ©ma dâintensitĂ© des dĂ©roulements affectifs (« timing »).Au moment dâaborder les mĂ©canismes somatiques de dĂ©fense, il est Ă©galement utile de connaĂźtre les concepts de «dĂ©tente dynamique» et «dâactivitĂ© dynamique», qui permettent de distinguer les Ă©tats normaux de dĂ©tente et dâactivitĂ© des Ă©tats manifestant des aspects Ă©motionnels dynamiques. Le terme de «dĂ©tente dynamique» signifie, par exemple, que des techniques corporelles de traitement permettent de toucher le niveau profond de dĂ©tente recouvert par le mĂ©canisme de dĂ©fense; elles provoquent quelque chose dans le sens oĂč du matĂ©riel inconscient est amenĂ© Ă la surface
A clinical trial of group-based body psychotherapy to improve bodily disturbances in post-treatment cancer patients in combination with randomized controlled smartphone-triggered bodily interventions (KPTK): study protocol
Disturbances in bodily well-being represent one key source of suffering and impairment related to cancer. There is growing evidence that body psychotherapy (BPT) is efficacious for the treatment of various mental disorders. However, with regard to cancer patients, evidence is scarce. The aims of this project are to evaluate whether bodily disturbances in post-treatment cancer patients can be improved by group BPT, and to estimate the efficacy of intermittent smartphone-triggered bodily interventions.; The project is a bi-center study with two participating centers in Switzerland, applying a pre-post convergent parallel design of a weekly group BPT using a waiting-period comparator, including a nested RCT during the group BPT phase. During the BPT phase, either a smartphone-triggered bodily intervention or a smartphone-triggered control intervention is provided at random over 5 consecutive weeks, on 6âdays weekly. Patients who had received curatively intended treatment for any malignant neoplasm (treatment being completed â„3âmonths) and are suffering from bodily disturbances are screened to assess eligibility. Sample size estimation is based on an a priori power analysis. We plan to include a total of NÂ =â88 subjects, aiming at at least 52 completers. Patients are surveyed three times (baseline assessment (T0), pre- (T1) and post-intervention assessment (T2)), and on a daily basis along BPT during five consecutive weeks. The primary outcome, bodily disturbances, is assessed using the 'Body Image Scale'(BIS). For the secondary outcomes standardized questionnaires are used to assess changes in experience of presence and vitality, mood, body mindfulness, somatic symptoms and somatic symptom disorder, quality of life, anxiety, and depression including suicidal tendency, vitality and mental health, as well as group cohesion. Using semi standardized interviews (at T0 and T2), we aim to explore the relation of BPT with bodily disturbances and body image in post-treatment cancer patients, as well as the acceptance and burden of the intervention.; The proposed study has strong potential benefits for cancer patients, as it may pave the way for new therapeutic approaches to treat bodily disturbances, which persist despite curative tumor therapy. These may considerably improve patients' biopsychosocial well-being and quality of life.; ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03707548 (registered 9 October 2018; retrospectively registered)
Smartphone-Based Psychotherapeutic Interventions in Blended Care of Cancer Survivors: Nested Randomized Clinical Trial
BackgroundCancer is related to not only physical but also mental suffering. Notably, body image disturbances are highly relevant to cancer-related changes often persisting beyond recovery from cancer. Scalable and low-barrier interventions that can be blended with face-to-face psychotherapy for cancer survivors are highly warranted.
ObjectiveThe aim of the study is to investigate whether smartphone-based bodily interventions are more effective to improve the mood of patients with cancer than smartphone-based fairy tale interventions (control intervention).
MethodsWe recruited patients with cancer in 2 Swiss hospitals and conducted daily, fully automated smartphone-based interventions 6 times a week for 5 consecutive weeks, blended with weekly face-to-face group body psychotherapy. We applied 2 types of smartphone-based interventions using a within-subject design, randomly assigning patients daily to either bodily interventions or fairy tales. Each intervention type was presented 3 times a week. For this secondary analysis, 3-level mixed models were estimated with mood assessed by the 3 Multidimensional Mood Questionnaire subscales for good-bad mood, wakefulness, and calmness as key indicators. In addition, the effects on experience of presence, vitality, and burden assessed with visual analog scales were investigated.
ResultsBased on the data from s=732 interventions performed by 36 participants, good-bad mood improved (ÎČ=.27; 95% CI 0.062-0.483), and participants became calmer (ÎČ=.98; 95% CI 0.740-1.211) following smartphone-based interventions. Wakefulness did not significantly change from pre- to postsmartphoneâbased intervention (ÎČ=.17; 95% CI â0.081 to 0.412). This was true for both intervention types. There was no interaction effect of intervention type with change in good-bad mood (ÎČ=â.01; 95% CI â0.439 to 0.417), calmness (ÎČ=.22; 95% CI â0.228 to 0.728), or wakefulness (ÎČ=.14; 95% CI â0.354 to 0.644). Experience of presence (ÎČ=.34; 95% CI 0.271-0.417) and vitality (ÎČ=.35; 95% CI 0.268-0.426) increased from pre- to postsmartphoneâbased intervention, while experience of burden decreased (ÎČ=â0.40; 95% CI â0.481 to 0.311). Again, these effects were present for both intervention types. There were no significant interaction effects of intervention type with pre- to postintervention changes in experience of presence (ÎČ=.14; 95% CI â0.104 to 0.384), experience of vitality (ÎČ=.06; 95% CI â0.152 to 0.265), and experience of burden (ÎČ=â.16; 95% CI â0.358 to 0.017).
ConclusionsOur results suggest that both smartphone-based audio-guided bodily interventions and fairy tales have the potential to improve the mood of cancer survivors.
Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT03707548; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03707548
International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)RR2-10.1186/s40359-019-0357-