Occurrence of triatomines (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) in domestic and natural environments in novo remanso, itacoatiara, amazonas, Brazil

Introduction: The present study reports the presence of triatomines in natural, peridomestic, and intradomicile environments in Itacoatiara municipality, state of Amazonas, a non-endemic region for Chagas disease. Methods: Active search was performed inside tree trunks, and palm trees, residences, and peridomiciles localized near the forest area. Results: Twenty adults and ten triatomines nymphs were collected, fifteen of which were from natural forests, thirteen from intradomiciles, and two from peridomicile areas. Conclusions: The new records of adults and nymphs of triatomines in the intra-and peridomiciles suggest the adoption of prophylactic measures for vector surveillance in the study area. © 2019, Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical. All rights reserved

Microtriatoma trinidadensis (Lent, 1951) (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae): first record in the state of Amazonas, Brazil

Microtriatoma trinidadensis (Lent, 1951), previously known from Venezuela, Colombia, Suriname, Peru, Bolivia, and the Brazilian states of Mato Grosso, Pará, and Tocantins, is reported for the first time in Amazonas state, Brazil. We found in the collection of the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia an unidentified female specimen of Microtriatoma. The specimen was collected in April 2010, in dried straw and foliage of açai palm, Euterpe precatoria Mart., from Monte Sião, municipality of Codajás, Amazonas state. © 2019 Souza et al. All rights reserved

Ecoepidemiology and biology of Eratyrus mucronatus Stål, 1859 (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae), a sylvatic vector of Chagas disease in the Brazilian Amazon

Introduction Eratyrus mucronatus Stål, 1859 is a wild triatomine vector of Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas, 1909. However, little is known regarding the biology and ecoepidemiology of this triatomine in the Brazilian Amazon. The present study describes the biology of E. mucronatus grown under laboratory conditions and the epidemiological aspects of its natural breeding sites. Methods Five colonies were monitored in the field for 3 years. Temperature and humidity measurements were taken in the mornings and afternoons at the natural breeding sites, and the behavior and distribution of the nymphs and adults were observed in the wild colony. We also monitored the life cycle under controlled laboratory conditions. Results Some factors that were considered decisive for the establishment of these colonies were present at all of the colonies studied in the field. These factors included an active termite nest, a vertebrate for repast, and dry and shaded substrates with temperatures of 24-28°C and with humidity of 80-90%. A generation was developed in 274 days under these microclimatic conditions in the laboratory. Conclusions The climatic variables described in the field indicate that these environmental parameters have a limiting effect on the dispersal and colonization of E. mucronatus to new environments. In addition, the long period of development to adulthood demonstrates that only one generation can develop per year even under the more favorable laboratory conditions

Relações vetor-hospedeiro de Rhodnius brethesi Matta, 1919 (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae), em piaçabais do médio rio Negro, Amazonas, Brasil

Rhodnius brethesi Matta, 1919 is among the species of Triatominae Amazon with great epidemiological importance, especially in regions of middle and upper Rio Negro, due to been vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas, 1909 and Trypanosoma rangeli Tejera, 1920. R. brethesi are associated with palm Leopoldinia piassaba Wallace, which represents an important source of income for the inhabitants of those regions. With the aim of identify the hemoparasites in R. brethesi and associated herpetofauna with palm tree piassaba the middle Rio Negro, were made two expedition to collect R. brethesi; were used Noireau traps, CDC, sheet illuminated with light mixed mercury and tungsten and active search with dissection of palm trees, were analyzed the salivary glands, hemolymph and gut contents of 103 R. brethesi. The associated fauna was recorded by means of digital photos with manual capture for blood collection and research of its parasites. For the associated herpetofauna were found only representatives of the order Squamata, five species: Thecadactylus rapicauda (Houttuyn, 1782); Gonatodes humeralis (Guichenot, 1855); Anolis nitens (Wagler, 1830); Leptodeira annulata (Linnaeus, 1758), Bothrops atrox (Linnaeus, 1758). And for the hemoparasites of herpetofauna, were found microfilariae and plasmodia, but it was not possible to establish the vector-host relation with R. brethesi caught in the same environment. Nymphs and adults, the positive rates of T. rangeli in the hemolymph was 1.9%, salivary glands 0.9%, were not found trypanosome in the gut contents; were found to hemogregarines rates of 3.8% in the hemolymph, 3.8% in the intestine and 2.9% in the salivary gland. The meal of nymphs in reptiles represented levels close to 50%. These results show that the reptiles fauna consists of a blood source also required for the development of R. brethesi, which would explain the low rates of parasite positivity found for T. rangeli in these triatomines.Rhodnius brethesi Matta,1919 está entre as espécies de Triatominae da Amazônia com grande importância epidemiológica, especialmente nas regiões do médio e alto Rio Negro, por serem vetores de Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas, 1909 e Trypanosoma rangeli Tejera,1920. R. brethesi encontra-se associado à palmeira Leopoldinia piassaba Wallace, a qual representa uma importante fonte de renda para os habitantes daquelas regiões. Com o objetivo de identificar os hemoparasitas em R. brethesi e na fauna de répteis associada às piaçabeiras do médio Rio negro, foram realizadas duas excursões para coleta de R. brethesi utilizando; armadilhas Noireau, CDC, Lençol iluminado com luz mista de mercúrio e tungstênio e busca ativa com dissecação das piaçabeiras; foram analisadas as glândulas salivares, hemolinfa e conteúdo intestinal de 103 exemplares de R. brethesi. A fauna de répteis associada foi registrada por meio de fotos digitais com captura manual para coleta de sangue e pesquisa de seus hemoparasitas. Nos répteis foram encontrados apenas representantes da ordem Squamata, cinco espécies: Thecadactylus rapicauda (Houttuyn, 1782); Gonatodes humeralis (Guichenot, 1855); Anolis nitens (Wagler, 1830); Leptodeira annulata (Linnaeus, 1758); Bothrops atrox (Linnaeus, 1758). Quanto a seus hemoparasitas foram encontrados microfilárias e plasmódios, contudo, não foi possível estabelecer uma relação de vetor-hospedeiro com os exemplares de R. brethesi capturados no mesmo ambiente. Em ninfas e adultos, o índice de positividade para T. rangeli na hemolinfa foi de 1,9 %, glândulas salivares 0,9 %, não sendo encontradas formas tripomastigotas no conteúdo intestinal. Para hemogregarinas foram encontrados índices de 3,8 % na hemolinfa, 3,8 % no intestino e 2,9 % na glândula salivar. O repasto das ninfas em répteis representou valores próximos de 50%. Estes resultados mostram que a fauna de répteis consiste numa fonte sangüínea igualmente requisitada para o desenvolvimento de R. brethesi, o que justificaria os baixos índices de positividade parasitária encontrados para T. rangeli nestes Triatominae

Ecoepidemiology and biology of Eratyrus mucronatus Stål, 1859 (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae), a sylvatic vector of Chagas disease in the Brazilian Amazon

Introduction Eratyrus mucronatus Stål, 1859 is a wild triatomine vector of Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas, 1909. However, little is known regarding the biology and ecoepidemiology of this triatomine in the Brazilian Amazon. The present study describes the biology of E. mucronatus grown under laboratory conditions and the epidemiological aspects of its natural breeding sites. Methods Five colonies were monitored in the field for 3 years. Temperature and humidity measurements were taken in the mornings and afternoons at the natural breeding sites, and the behavior and distribution of the nymphs and adults were observed in the wild colony. We also monitored the life cycle under controlled laboratory conditions. Results Some factors that were considered decisive for the establishment of these colonies were present at all of the colonies studied in the field. These factors included an active termite nest, a vertebrate for repast, and dry and shaded substrates with temperatures of 24-28°C and with humidity of 80-90%. A generation was developed in 274 days under these microclimatic conditions in the laboratory. Conclusions The climatic variables described in the field indicate that these environmental parameters have a limiting effect on the dispersal and colonization of E. mucronatus to new environments. In addition, the long period of development to adulthood demonstrates that only one generation can develop per year even under the more favorable laboratory conditions

Parasitic profiling of Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica) on two farms with conventional production system in the Amazon region

The health monitoring and management systems of coturniculture can be deemed to be in a developmental phase when compared to the poultry industry. Studies regarding taxonomy and parasitic biology in quails (Coturnix japonica) has not been well conducted in Brazil. Most of the information is available from the autopsy case reports, in many ways the parasitic fauna of quails is still unknown. The aim of this study was to conduct a parasitological research in quails in order to contribute to ameliorate this situation. 31 quails, which were 12 months old, were used for the study. Their carcasses and viscera were sent to the Laboratory of Entomology and Tropical Diseases, INPA, Manaus/AM. The circulatory, nervous, respiratory, digestive and reproductive systems of these were studied separately. No blood parasites were found, however, nine species of endoparasites were registered which were distributed among the classes Cestoda, Nematoda and Protozoa. The helminths were distributed in the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum and oviduct. The cecum was found to be the most parasitized organ and contained a wide range of parasites having three species of protozoa and three species of nematodes. Six morphotypes of Eutrichomastix globosus were recorded, and some morphotypes were hyperparasitized with sporangia Sphaerita sp. in the cytoplasm. A large number of parasites were recorded in this study, as well as the protozoan Blastocystis hominis was first being observed for quail. © 2018 Colegio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal

Pathological alterations in carcasses and viscera of Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica -Temminck & Schlegel, 1849) of commercial breeding

Identification of macroscopic injures in japanese quail carcasses during the slaughter process is essential to ensure the high quality of the final product, the meat, and decrease the risk of zoonotic diseases. This study aimed to describe the main pathological changes in japanese quail in slaughter process. For such, 31 individuals were sampled at two distinct farms situated in the rural zone of Manaus/AM. All analyses were performed in the Laboratory of Triatominae, Phlebotominae and Nidicola fauna of the National Institute for Amazonian Research, Manaus/AM. "Ante mortem" and "post mortem" inspection were performed in all carcasses. Externally there was only one specimen with cachexy. Lungs of 9,5% of the specimens had hyperemia and fibrin exudate in the apical lobes surface. Ulcerations in the proventriculus and ventriculus mucosal were reported in the 9,6% of birds. Pathological alterations have been registered in more than half of the Japanese quail. Three individuals showed mucus similar to coffee grounds in the jejunum, ileum and cecum. Cecum of these Japanese quail presented one or more parasites species. 87% of the livers showed a pale aspect, crumbly texture and multifocal areas yellowish or greenish gray colors. Ovarian follicles were atrophied and two oviducts presented fibrinous exudate in serous. The oviduct light it was partially obliterated by whitish exudate and caseous mass. Some pathological changes described are similar to those described for laying hens, however, we have also described macroscopic injuries to this species particular, which suggests further research on this kind has growing economic importance