59 research outputs found

    Dinamica del Default en los CDS soberanos de Colombia

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    Tomando los datos de los CDS soberanos de Colombia entre 2013 y 2015,desarrollamos un modelo de valoración para estos derivados de crédito, que aprovecha la dinámica de la intensidad de default propuesta de un proceso bivariado de difusi´on.Esta es una versión más sencilla de [Carr and Wu, 2007] que estima la volatilidad de los retornos usando la relación intrínseca que existe entre esta y la intensidad de Default. La estimación de los parámetros es alcanzada vía UKF y máxima verosimilitud, producto de esto obtenemos la dinámica de la intensidad de default para los spreads de los CDS soberanos de Colombia en el periodo de muestra y cuantificamos la relación que esta tiene con la volatilidad de los retornos de la tasa de cambio. Realizamos también un pequeño ejercicio de forecast para darnos cuenta que tan bueno sería un pronóstico con este modelo, en que vencimientos se comportaría mejor y que tan a menudo deberíamos recalibrar nuestro modelo.Universidad Del Rosari

    Factores que influyen en el comportamiento de consumo sostenible en la generación Z

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    This research analyzes the relationship between sustainable consumption behavior with perception, practices and perceived attributes in products and manufacturers around responsible consumption in generation Z. For this a descriptive study was made, quantitatively. A digitalsurvey was carried out on 903 adults born in Bogotá since 1995. The statistical analysis was performed using a confirmatory factor analysis to identify if the variables are grouped in the proposed constructs, followed by a causal model based on an analysis of structural equations, with the bootstraping methodology in order to validate the proposed hypotheses. The results prove the existence of the proposed factors and it wasidentified that responsible consumption habits, attitude towards responsible consumption and product attributes affect sustainable consumption behavior, However, the perceived attributes of the manufacturer do not have a direct relationship with it, although when the attributes of the manufacturer are mediated by the attributes of the product there is incidence. These findings contribute to scientific knowledge since the currentliterature has not analyzed the relationship between the manufacturer with responsible production and the attributes of responsible consumerproducts perceived by the consumer. For this reason, manufacturers must improve their efforts to communicate and bring environmentallyfriendly products to market.Esta investigación analiza la relación entre comportamiento de consumo sostenible con la percepción, las prácticas y los atributos percibidos en los productos y los fabricantes en torno al consumo responsable en la generación Z. Para esto se hizo un estudio descriptivo,con enfoque cuantitativo. Se aplicó una encuesta en formato digital a 903 adultos nacidos a partir de 1995 en la ciudad de Bogotá. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante un análisis factorial confirmatorio para identificar si las variables se agrupan en los constructos propuestos, seguido se realizó un modelo causal a partir de un análisis de ecuaciones estructurales, con la metodología de bootstraping con el fin de validar las hipótesis propuestas. Los resultados comprueban la existencia de los factores propuestos y se identificó que los hábitos de consumo responsable, la actitud hacia el consumo responsable y los atributos del producto inciden en el comportamiento de consumo sostenible, sin embargo, los atributos percibidos del fabricante no tienen una relación directa con este, aunque cuando los atributos del fabricante son mediados por los atributos del producto existe incidencia. Estos hallazgos aportan al conocimiento científico ya que la literatura actual no ha analizado la relación entre el fabricante con producción responsable y los atributos de productos de consumo responsable percibidos por el consumidor. Portal razón, los fabricantes deben mejorar sus esfuerzos en comunicar y llevar al mercado productos amigables con el medio ambiente

    ESR and ENDOR study on the radical ions of two non—alternant hydrocarbons: 1,3,5,7-tetra-tert-butyl-s-indacene and 2,7-di-tert-butyldicyclopenta [a,e] cyclooctene

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    The radical anions and radical cations of two alkyl-substituted non-alternant hydrocarbons, 1,3,5,7-tetra-tert-butyl-s-indacene and 2,7-di-tert-butyldicyclopenta [a,e] cyclooctene, were characterized by their proton coupling constants with the use of ESR and, in part, ENDOR spectroscopy. Considering the unusual electronic structures of the π-systems in question, these values agree fairly well with those predicted by simple MO theory. Also reported are the proton hyperfine data for the radical ions of the likewise alkyl-substituted non-alternant 8,16-diisopropyl-s-indaceno [1,2,3-cd:5,6,7-c′ d′] diphenalene

    El uso de las nuevas tecnologías de la información y comunicación, y su influencia en los estudiantes de filosofía del seminario nacional Cristo Sacerdote

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    Con el presente artículo investigativo se pretende identificar y analizar, las pautas sobre la dependencia del hombre, y como dichas pautas se pueden reconocer, entre los estudiantes de filosofía del Seminario Nacional Cristo Sacerdote, ante la presencia y el uso de las nuevas tecnologías de información y comunicación. Para ello se realizó un trabajo de campo por lo que se elaboró un cuestionario con diez preguntas cerradas, las cuales determinan el grado de dependencia a las tecnologías de información y comunicación, así como a los dispositivos y a las aplicaciones de redes sociales. Para esto se crea una encuesta con un total de quince preguntas dividas en dos bloques, el primero con algunos datos sociodemográficos, el segundo con el cuestionario mencionadas anteriormente; se toma una muestra aleatoria de cuarenta y un seminaristas de la sección equivalente al 51 por ciento de los estudiantes de la sección de filosofía. Luego se realiza un análisis de estas encuestas, tomando como sustento teórico al filósofo polaco Zygmunt Bauman, y autor del libro “Amor Líquido”, en cual manifiesta el olvido del amor, la amistad, los sentimientos, el trabajo bien hecho. Dentro de las conclusiones de la investigación se pudo determinar lo que genera el uso incorrecto de las tecnologías de información y comunicación pues pueden causar una dependencia a los dispositivos y a las redes sociales, lo cual refleja la necesidad de brindar es un acompañamiento para el adecuado uso de los equipos, aprovechar los momentos y espacios que brinda el seminario para compartir en comunidad y lograr un buen desarrollo de las relaciones interpersonales.With the present investigative article it is tried to identify and to analyze, the guidelines on the dependency of the man, and as such guidelines can be recognized, among the students of philosophy of the National Seminar Cristo Priest, before the presence and the use of the new information technologies and communication. For this, a fieldwork was carried out, so a questionnaire was carried out with ten closed questions, which determine the degree of dependence on information and communication technologies, as well as the devices and applications of social networks. For this a survey is created with a total of fifteen questions divided into two blocks, the first with some sociodemographic data, the second with the previous topic of the relationship; a random sample of forty-one seminarians is taken from the section equivalent to 51 percent of the students in the philosophy section. Then an analysis of these surveys is made, taking as theoretical sustenance the Polish philosopher Zygmunt Bauman, and author of the book “Amor Líquido”, in which he manifests the oblivion of love, friendship, feelings, work well done. Within the conclusions of the investigation it was possible to determine what is the incorrect use of information and communication technologies because it can cause a dependency on the devices and social networks, which reflects the need to provide an accompaniment for the proper use of the teams, take advantage of the moments and spaces offered by the development of interpersonal relationships

    El consumo responsable y su influencia en las actividades de reciclaje en el hogar: Un estudio exploratorio

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    El reciclaje en el hogar es uno de los factores que incide directamente en la apropiación de las prácticas de consumo responsable y afecta directamente las políticas de manejo de residuos sólidos; por tanto, esta investigación tiene como objetivo conocer sí aspectos asociados al comportamiento en consumo responsable, como la actitud, los hábitos y aspectos durante la compra de productos, inciden en acciones de reciclaje en las casas. Para esto, se desarrolló un estudio de tipo exploratorio con enfoque cuantitativo a 460 hogares. La metodología utilizada tomó como referencia el análisis factorial confirmatorio y Bootstraping para la prueba de hipótesis. Los resultados sugieren que la actitud hacia el consumo responsable no influye positivamente en las actividades de consumo responsable en el hogar y la motivación negativa no afecta las actividades de reciclaje

    Radical Ions in the Pentalene Series. Part III. Three Paramagnetic Redox Stages of a Dicyclopenta[a,e]pentalene

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    Five redox stages have been observed for the recently synthesized 1,3,5,7-tetra(tert-butyl) derivative 1 of the dicyclopenta[a,e]pentalene, a novel non-alternant hydrocarbon: the radical cation 1 , the neutral compound 1, the radical anion Is, the dianion 1²-, and the radical trianion 1³. Information about the electronic structure of the three paramagnetic stages, 1, 1⁻, and 1³⁻ is provided by the use of ESR, ENDOR, and TRIPLE resonance spectroscopy. The unpaired electron in the trianion resides mainly on the ‘inner’ butadiene-π-system, whereas in the cation and the anion, it is largely localized on the two ‘outer’ five-membered rings

    Factores que influyen en el comportamiento de consumo sostenible en la generación Z

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    Esta investigación analiza la relación entre comportamiento de consumo sostenible con la percepción, las prácticas y los atributos percibidos en los productos y los fabricantes en torno al consumo responsable en la generación Z. Para esto se hizo un estudio descriptivo, con enfoque cuantitativo. Se aplicó una encuesta en formato digital a 903 adultos nacidos a partir de 1995 en la ciudad de Bogotá. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante un análisis factorial confirmatorio para identificar si las variables se agrupan en los constructos propuestos, seguido se realizó un modelo causal a partir de un análisis de ecuaciones estructurales, con la metodología de bootstraping con el fin de validar las hipótesis propuestas. Los resultados comprueban la existencia de los factores propuestos y se identificó que los hábitos de consumo responsable, la actitud hacia el consumo responsable y los atributos del producto inciden en el comportamiento de consumo sostenible, sin embargo, los atributos percibidos del fabricante no tienen una relación directa con este, aunque cuando los atributos del fabricante son mediados por los atributos del producto existe incidencia. Estos hallazgos aportan al conocimiento científico ya que la literatura actual no ha analizado la relación entre el fabricante con producción responsable y los atributos de productos de consumo responsable percibidos por el consumidor. Por tal razón, los fabricantes deben mejorar sus esfuerzos en comunicar y llevar al mercado productos amigables con el medio ambiente.//This research analyzes the relationship between sustainable consumption behavior with perception, practices and perceived attributes in products and manufacturers around responsible consumption in generation Z. For this a descriptive study was made, quantitatively. A digital survey was carried out on 903 adults born in Bogotá since 1995. The statistical analysis was performed using a confirmatory factor analysis to identify if the variables are grouped in the proposed constructs, followed by a causal model based on an analysis of structural equations, with the bootstraping methodology in order to validate the proposed hypotheses. The results prove the existence of the proposed factors and it was identified that responsible consumption habits, attitude towards responsible consumption and product attributes affect sustainable consumption behavior, However, the perceived attributes of the manufacturer do not have a direct relationship with it, although when the attributes of the manufacturer are mediated by the attributes of the product there is incidence. These findings contribute to scientific knowledge since the current literature has not analyzed the relationship between the manufacturer with responsible production and the attributes of responsible consumer products perceived by the consumer. For this reason, manufacturers must improve their efforts to communicate and bring environmentally friendly products to market

    Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

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    Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI <18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For schoolaged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI <2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI >2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesit

    Paramagnetic Redox Stages of a Bisphane: An ESR and ENDOR Study

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    Seven redox stages, the dication 12+, the radical cation , the neutral 1, the radical anion , the dianion 12-, the radical trianion , and the tetraanion 14-, are indicated by cyclic voltammetry for the bisphane 1, in which the benzene decks of two lateral paracyclophane moieties are orthogonal to the plane of anthracene framework. In and , the unpaired electron is accommodated into the central anthracene subsystem, and the same statement holds for the two positive or negative charges in 12+ and 12-. Formation of and 1- occurs through admission of additional electrons one-by-one into the two paracyclophane moieties flanking the doubly charged anthracene subsystem in 12-. The above-postulated, successive release or uptake of electrons by the individual parts of the bisphane is in perfect accord with the hyperfine data determined by ESR and ENDOR spectroscopy for , , , as well as for radical ions of suitable reference compounds
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