Immunological studies of chronic enteropathies in dogs

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:DXN034278 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Pyloric localisation in 57 dogs of breeds susceptible to gastric dilatation-volvulus in the UK using computed tomography

Objective: Describe the location of the pylorus using CT in dog breeds susceptible to gastric dilatation-volvulus in the UK. Methods: Descriptive anatomical study. Abdominal CT scans of 57 client-owned dogs were reviewed to assess pyloric position relative to the 9th, 10th, 11th and 13th ribs and 2 and 3 cm caudal to the 13th rib at the 8, 9 and 10 o'clock positions. The angle of the pylorus from the centre of the abdominal cavity relative to the sagittal plane was also determined. Results: In 88 per cent of cases, the pylorus was located in the right cranioventral abdomen with 63 per cent positioned at the 9-10 o'clock position. The overall distance between the pylorus and right abdominal wall (RAW) at the 13th rib 10 o'clock position was equivalent to 29 per cent of ventral abdominal length, significantly greater than the median overall distance of ~14 per cent of ventral abdominal length between the pylorus and RAW at the 9th or 10th rib 10 o'clock position (P<0.0001). Clinical significance: Common gastropexy locations may result in considerable displacement of the pylorus relative to its natural anatomic location. Further case-control studies are required to assess the clinical significance of this finding

Europe Moment of redefinition

Full title of author 'The Lord Watson of Richmond CBE'SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:4363.4443(no 2000/02) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Studies on controlled radical polymerization using 5-membered cyclic PROXYL nitroxides and corresponding alkoxymines

2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine-N-oxyl (PROXYL) and derivatives bearing one -aryl substituent (Ph, p-CF3Ph, p-Me2NPh) were prepared and converted to alkoxyamines by reaction with di-tert-butyl peroxalate (DTBPO) and excess styrene. Both the nitroxides (plus DTBPO as a radical source) and alkoxyamines were investigated in the controlled radical polymerisation (CRP) of styrene, and their behaviour was compared to that of TEMPO. Polymerisation mediated by each nitroxide displayed a linear relationship between molecular weight and conversion, producing material of low polydispersity indicating a controlled process. However, a comparison of kinetic behaviour was complicated by the unknown concentration of active species present. Polymerisations with preformed alkoxyamines at a known concentration also displayed controlled behaviour (polydispersities 1.25-1.5), and an influence of nitroxide substituent on the overall rate of polymerisation could be determined. PROXYL and the dimethylanilino-substituted nitroxide gave similar CRP rates to TEMPO, whereas a Ph or (to a lesser extent) p-CF3Ph substituent resulted in significantly faster reactions. These results are discussed in terms of the likely steric and electronic influence of substituents on the nitroxide radical centre, and the resulting influence on polymerisation rate. It is concluded that the steric bulk of the Ph substituent is the most likely cause of the rate enhancement displayed by the corresponding mediator