ACE-inhibition prevents postischemic coronary leukocyte adhesion and leukocyte-dependent reperfusion injury

Objective: Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), retained in the microvascular bed, can contribute to postischemic myocardial reperfusion injury. Since a beneficial effect of ACE-inhibition on reperfusion injury has been reported, we investigated the impact of cilazaprilat on PMN dependent reperfusion injury in isolated guinea pig hearts. Methods: Hearts (n=5 per group) were subjected to 15 min of ischemia. Immediately thereafter, a bolus of PMN was injected into the coronary system. External heart work (EHW) and total cardiac nitric oxide release were measured. For microscopic evaluation, hearts received rhodamine 6G labelled PMN after ischemia, were arrested 5 min later and further perfused with FITC dextran (0.1%). Localization of retained PMN was assessed by fluorescence microscopy. Leukocyte activation was studied by FACS analysis of the adhesion molecule CD11b before and after coronary passage of the PMN. The ACE-inhibitor cilazaprilat (Cila, 2 μM) and the NO-synthase inhibitor nitro-L-arginine (NOLAG, 10 μM) were used to modulate nitric oxide formation of the heart. Results: Postischemic EHW recovered to 67±5% (controls) and 64±6% (Cila) of the preischemic value. Addition of PMN severely depressed recovery of EHW (39±2%) and NO release (39±6% of the preischemic value). Simultaneously, ischemia led to a substantial increase in postcapillary PMN adhesion (from 21±5 to 172±27 PMN/mm² surface) and CD11b-expression of the recovered PMN (3-fold). Cila attenuated postischemic PMN adhesion (83±52 PMN/mm²) and activation of PMN, whereas it improved recovery of work performance (64±4%) and NO release (65±4%) in the presence of PMN. Conversely, NOLAG increased PMN adhesion (284±40 PMN/mm²) and myocardial injury. We conclude that ACE-inhibition prevents leukocyte dependent reperfusion injury mainly by inhibition of postcapillary leukocyte adhesion. The effect may be mediated by NO, given the proadhesive effect of NOLAG

Magnetic Functionalization of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Hydrogels for Sensor Applications

To develop a hydrogel sensor system using the Hall effect to detect the degree of swelling, gels containing high concentrations of magnetic particles are necessary to induce a strong magnetic field. For this purpose, hydrogels based on poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) cross-linked with Laponite XLS are modified with various magnetic nanoparticles. The focus of this work is to introduce high particle densities with a homogeneous distribution into the gel. Particles are coated with 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate to bind them into the network structure. The swelling behavior and temperature response of gels containing pure and modified particles are compared to the unmodified clay gel. Ferrogels are further synthesized in a magnetic field to permanently align magnetic nanoparticles in the network. This results in permanently embedded rod-like structures spanning the entire length of the gel. The influence of this anisotropic distribution on the mechanical properties of the hydrogel is investigated through compression measurements

Перехідні процеси в сенсорних системах з газодифузійними електродами

Проведено теоретичне дослідження перехідних процесів в сенсорних системах з газодифузійними електродами. Виділено фактори, що визначають тривалість перехідних процесів. Поставлено задачі для подальших детальних експериментальних досліджень перехідних процесів з метою підвищення швидкодії існуючих сенсорів для моніторингу повітряного середовища.Theoretical research of transient processes in sensor systems with gas-diffusion electrodes is carried out. The factors determining duration of transient processes are allocated. It is supplied problems for further detailed experimental researches of transient processes with purpose of increase in response time of existing sensors for monitoringair-slaked medium

Testmanual IMPEQT-MOBAQ. Motorische Basisqualifikationen in der 7. und 8. Klasse

Das vorliegende Manual beschreibt ein Instrument zur Erfassung motorischer Basisqualifikationen als Mindestvoraussetzungen zur aktiven Teilhabe an der Bewegungs-, Spiel-­ und Sportkultur. Das Instrument basiert auf ursprünglich für die 5. Jahrgangsstufe entwickelten Testaufgaben und wurde für einen Einsatz in der 7. Jahrgangsstufe angepasst

Методика расчета тиристорного стабилизатора напряжения переменного тока

Рассматривается методика расчета тиристорного стабилизатора напряжения переменного тока с учетом насыщения магнитопровода повышающего автотрансформатора. Показано, что если коэффициент передачи не выше 1,5, то система двух нелинейных дифференциальных уравнений может быть сведена к одному уравнению, решаемому реверсивным методом. Для случая активной нагрузки получены приближенные выражения, позволяющие определить токи и напряжения с учетом 3 и 5 гармоник

Geodetic-Gravimetric Monitoring of Mountain Uplift and Hydrological Variations at Zugspitze and Wank Mountains (Bavarian Alps, Germany)

In 2004, first absolute gravity (AG) measurements were performed on the top of Mt. Zugspitze (2 sites) and at the foot (1 site) and top (1 site) of Mt. Wank. Mt. Wank (summit height 1780 m) and Mt. Zugspitze (2960 m) are about 15 km apart from each other and belong geologically to different parts of the Northern Limestone Alps. Bridging a time span of 15 years, the deduced gravity variations for Zugspitze are in the order of −0.30 μm/s2 with a standard uncertainty of 0.04 μm/s2. The Wank stations (foot and top) show no significant gravity variation. The vertical stability of Wank summit is also confirmed by results of continuous GNSS recordings. Because an Alpine mountain uplift of 1 or 2 mm/yr cannot explain the obtained gravity decline at Zugspitze, the dominating geophysical contributions are assumed to be due to the diminishing glaciers in the vicinity. The modelled gravity trend caused by glacier retreat between epochs 1999 and 2018 amounts to −0.012 μm/s2/yr at both Zugspitze AG sites. This explains more than half of the observed gravity decrease. Long-term variations on inter-annual and climate-relevant decadal scale will be investigated in the future using as supplement superconducting gravimetry (installed in 2019) and GNSS equipment (since 2018)