Unusual Beach Deposits in Oolite Carbonate Environments Mississippian and Recent

Thousands of small fossils were collected from unusual lenses within the Cyathophyllum Zone, Gilmore City Limestone (Mississippian) in a large quarry near Humboldt, Iowa. These rare lenses occur in an interval 1-2.5m thick that shows an extreme variability of facies. An intensive search of other Gilmore City outcrops revealed no similar lenses. The rest of the interval, outside the lenses, contained larger fossils and fossil fragments. The small fossils in the lenses are remarkably well preserved, the gastropods particularly so. Comparison of the Gilmore City Limestone with Recent oolitic deposits at Paradise Island in the Bahamas leads to the conclusion that these unusual lenses probably were a backshore deposit. The Bahamian deposits provide evidence for interpretation of these fossils as size-sorted rather than dwarfed. Early carbonate coating is hypothesized to explain the exceptional preservation of the Mississippian fossils

A Preliminary Stratigraphic Study of the Galena Group of Winneshiek County, Iowa

The rocks of the Galena Group have proved to be problematic in correlation. This problem is due to a variable lithofacies development. A preliminary investigation, although based upon exposures studied just within Winneshiek County, provides a method for field identification in Iowa of stratigraphic units currently used by the Illinois State Geological Survey within Illinois. Units under consideration at this time are restricted to the Dunleith, Wise Lake, and Dubuque Formations. Methods of identification and correlation employ in part such physical features as sequences of nodular chart bands, discontinuity surfaces, and sparry calcarenite bands. Investigation has disclosed a close relationship of these three features. A composite graphic column is provided, with key identification factors, for each of the subdivisions together with reference localities where the strata under investigation may be observed in sequence

Controle biológico da mosca branca Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Homoptera, Aleyrodidae), em casas de vegetação.

Casas de vegetação podem ser consideradas ilhas ecológicas nas quais as condições ambientais diferem muito daquelas encontradas em campo aberto, onde plantas e animais estão expostos as constantes variações abióticas e bióticas do meio. Nesses ambientes o suprimento de energia e alimento é sem limites ao crescimento do vegetal e rápido e exuberante, fornecendo um ótimo habitat para predadores. O efeito de isolamento das pragas dentro de uma casa de vegetação contribui para a não efetividade das medidas de controle e, ainda, para o aumento e manutenção da resistência aos pesticidas devido ao seu uso prolongado.bitstream/item/90508/1/1713-Controle-biologico-da-mosca-branca.pd

Stratigraphy of the Dubuque Formation (Upper Ordovician) in Iowa

The Dubuque Formation of Upper Ordovician age crops out in the Upper Mississippi Valley. It comprises interbedded carbonate and argillaceous rocks that are approximately 35 feet thick in Iowa and Illinois, but thicken to a maximum of approximately 45 feet in southern Minnesota. Three proposed informal subdivisions: Frankville, Luana, and Littleport beds, are differentiated on the basis of bed surface topography ranging upward from nearly planar beds in the Frankville to prominently undulose surfaces in the Littleport beds. The Frankville beds represent a transition from the massive dolomite of the underlying Stewartville Member of the Wise Lake Formation to the overlying interbedded carbonate rocks and shale of the upper Dubuque. The base of the Dubuque Formation in Iowa and Minnesota is placed at a prominent, approximately 8 inch thick, carbonate bed at the base of the Frankville beds. This \u27\u27marker bed\u27\u27 provides a more precise datum for lithostratigraphic correlation than the lowest prominent shale parting employed by previous workers to identify the base of the Dubuque

Thermal effects of carbonated hydroxyapatite modified by glycine and albumin

In this work calcium phosphate powders were obtained by precipitation method from simulated solutions of synovial fluid containing glycine and albumin. X-ray diffraction and IR spectroscopy determined that all samples are single-phase and are presented by carbonate containing hydroxyapatite (CHA). The thermograms of solid phases of CHA were obtained and analyzed; five stages of transformation in the temperature range of 25-1000°C were marked. It is shown that in this temperature range dehydration, decarboxylation and thermal degradation of amino acid and protein connected to the surface of solid phase occur. The tendency of temperature lowering of the decomposition of powders synthesized from a medium containing organic substances was determined. Results demonstrate a direct dependence between the concentration of the amino acid in a model solution and its content in the solid phase

Assessment and treatment strategies in a young female athlete with lateral knee pain, a retrospective case report.

Abstract: The purpose of this retrospective case report is to describe the usefulness of a comprehensive assessment of the musculoskeletal and neurological systems and treatment of components of the kinetic chain in a teenage athlete with chronic lateral knee pain. Method: This is a retrospective case report. Discussion: Significant qualities of this case include identification of possible tibiofibular dislocation, optimization of lower extremity (LE) alignment, use of foot orthoses during phases of recovery and utilization of the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) during this cycle of care. Conclusion: When treating a patient with lateral knee pain, full consideration of alignment, fibular position and stability, proprioception, balance, strength and motor control of hip, knee, ankle and foot as well as the contralateral LE and trunk should be considered as influential factors that may need to be addressed

Single Case study outcome of multi-intervention approach to pegged/stemless implant utilized in total shoulder arthroplasty.

Abstract: The purpose of this retrospective case report is to illustrate a successful recovery and return to work, recreational activities and motorsports following shoulder replacement with a pegged glenoid and a stemless humeral implant with traditional therapy interventions and a highly compliant patient. Method: This report is a retrospective single case-study design. Discussion: Total shoulder arthroplasty utilizing a pegged, otherwise known as short-stemmed implant, should be considered for utilization in those individuals requiring a high level of post-operative function. Conclusion: There is little research on short-stemmed implants utilized in shoulder arthroplasty or their utilization in motorsport, and shooting sport athletes thus additional research in these areas should be considered. It is ultimately up to the patient and surgeon to establish conservative parameters for participation in recreational activities post-surgery in the interest of preserving the longevity of the shoulder implant

Evaluation of Reference Genes for Gene Expression Analysis Using Quantitative RT-PCR in Azospirillum brasilense

Azospirillum brasilense is a nitrogen fixing bacterium that has been shown to have various beneficial effects on plant growth and yield. Under normal conditions A. brasilense exists in a motile flagellated form, which, under starvation or stress conditions, can undergo differentiation into an encapsulated, cyst-like form. Quantitative RT-PCR can be used to analyse changes in gene expression during this differentiation process. The accuracy of quantification of mRNA levels by qRT-PCR relies on the normalisation of data against stably expressed reference genes. No suitable set of reference genes has yet been described for A. brasilense. Here we evaluated the expression of ten candidate reference genes (16S rRNA, gapB, glyA, gyrA, proC, pykA, recA, recF, rpoD, and tpiA) in wild-type and mutant A. brasilense strains under different culture conditions, including conditions that induce differentiation. Analysis with the software programs BestKeeper, NormFinder and GeNorm indicated that gyrA, glyA and recA are the most stably expressed reference genes in A. brasilense. The results also suggested that the use of two reference genes (gyrA and glyA) is sufficient for effective normalisation of qRT-PCR data