Proliferation and differentiation of stromal-vascular cells in primary culture differ between neonatal pigs consuming maternal or formula milk

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Participatory action research: Communicative action and the public sphere

Participatory action research has an extensive history in many fields of socialpractice. Our aim in this chapter is to develop the view of participatory actionresearch that has shaped our own theory and practice during recent years. We begin with a short overview of the evolution of our own thinking and the influence of several generations of action research. In our chapter on “Participatory Action Research ” for the second edition of the Handbook, we identified several key approaches to action research, the sites and settings where they are most frequently used, several crit-icisms that have been advanced for each, and key sources to explore them (Kemmis & McTaggart,2000).The approaches identified were a somewhat eclectic mix—participatory research, classroom action research, action learning, action science, soft systems approaches,and industrial action research.We summarize those approaches again here but do not reiterate our views of them in this chapter. We acknowledge the influence of each approach on the field and as stimulus to reflection on our own ideas and practices. For our current purposes, we proceed to develop a comprehensive view of social practice and reflect on aspects of our own work that we term “myths, misinterpreta-tions, and mistakes ” to move toward reconceptualizing research itself as a social pra-ctice. Thinking about research as a social practice leads us to an exploration o

Proliferation and differentiation of stromal-vascular cells in primary culture differ between neonatal pigs consuming maternal or formula milk

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Lipogenic enzyme activities in subcutaneous adipose tissue and skeletal muscle from neonatal pigs consuming maternal or formula milk

International audienceThe influence of maternal and formula milk on lipid metabolism was studied in 7-day-old pigs. Lipid content, fatty acid composition, lipogenic enzyme activities and expression of GLUT4 mRNA were determined in subcutaneous adipose tissue and skeletal muscle from pigs that were bottle-fed formula milk (F) or sow milk (SM), or were sow-reared (SR). Bottle-fed pigs were isoenergetically fed and achieved similar daily body weight gain. SR pigs have a higher $(P < 0.05)$ body weight gain than bottle-fed pigs. Lipid content of adipose tissue was lower $(P < 0.05)$ in F than in SM and SR pigs. In muscle, lipid content did not differ significantly between groups. In adipose tissue, acetyl-CoA-carboxylase (CBX), fatty acid synthase (FAS), malic enzyme (ME), glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activities and GLUT4 mRNA levels were higher $(P < 0.05)$ in SR than in bottle-fed pigs. In muscle, ME and G6PDH activities and GLUT4 mRNA were higher $(P < 0.05)$ in F than in SM and SR pigs; LPL was not detected. The present study indicates that lipogenic enzyme activities and GLUT4 mRNA expression are regulated differently in subcutaneous adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in the neonatal pig.Étude des enzymes lipogéniques dans le tissu adipeux sous-cutané et le muscle squelettique chez des porcelets recevant du lait maternel ou du lait artificiel. L'influence du lait maternel et du lait artificiel sur le métabolisme lipidique a été étudiée chez des porcelets âgés de 7 jours. La teneur en lipides, la composition en acides gras, les activités des enzymes lipogéniques et l'expression des ARNm codant pour GLUT4 ont été déterminées dans le tissu adipeux sous-cutané et le muscle squelettique de porcelets qui sont nourris au biberon avec du lait artificiel (F) ou du lait de truie (SM) ou qui sont élevés par leur mère (SR). Les porcelets nourris au biberon ont été alimentés de manière isoénergétique et ont eu un gain de poids identique. Les porcelets SR ont eu un gain de poids plus élevé $(P < 0,05)$ que les porcelets nourris au biberon. Dans le tissu adipeux, la teneur en lipides est plus faible $(P < 0,05)$ chez les porcelets F que chez les porcelets SM et SR. Dans le muscle, elle ne diffère pas significativement entre les 3 groupes. Dans le tissu adipeux, les activités de l'acétyl-CoA-carboxylase (CBX), de l'acide gras synthase (FAS), de l'enzyme malique (ME), de la glucose-6-phosphate-déshydrogénase (G6PDH) et de la lipoprotéine lipase (LPL), et l'expression des ARNm codant pour GLUT4 sont plus élevées $(P < 0,05)$ chez les porcelets SR que chez les porcelets nourris au biberon. Dans le muscle, les activités de ME et de G6PDH et l'expression des ARNm codant pour GLUT4 sont plus élevées $(P < 0,05)$ chez les porcelets F que chez les porcelets SM et SR ; l'activité de la LPL n'est pas détectable. Cette étude montre que les activités lipogéniques et l'expression des ARNm codant pour GLUT4 sont régulées différemment dans le tissu adipeux et le muscle pendant la période néonatale

Influence de la nature des lipides dans le régime de gestation de la truie sur ses performances et la composition corporelle des porcelets à la naissance

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Influence de la nature des lipides dans le régime de gestation de la truie sur ses performances et la composition corporelle des porcelets à la naissance

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Combining tannin containing resources to control gastro intestinal nematodes (GINs) and to reduce GHG emission and bloat in small ruminants

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Combining tannin containing resources to control gastro intestinal nematodes (GINs) and to reduce GHG emission and bloat in small ruminants

International audienc