Evaluation of droplet size spectra for agricultural pesticide applications using water sensitive paper and image analysis techniques

This study aims to evaluate the average droplet size and range of droplet size, which affects agricultural pesticide quality using image analysis techniques. In the study droplet diameters was measured by using 26 x 76 mm water sensitive paper produced by Ciba-Geigy with a little sprayer. A Nikon D300s camera body and a 105-mm macro lens were used for capturing images. Image J software was used for image evaluations, and Microsoft Excel software was used for evaluation of numerical data. At the end of the study, number median diameter (NMD) was calculated as 75 µm, diameter surface (ds) was calculated as 31 µm, volume median diameter (VMD) was calculated as 300 µm, Sauter diameter (dv/s) was calculated as 37 µm, and VMD/NMD was found 4.00 from evaluations. © by PSP

Clairaut Anti-invariant Submersions from Sasakian and Kenmotsu Manifolds

We investigate new Clairaut conditions for anti-invariant submersions from Sasakian and Kenmotsu manifolds onto Riemannian manifolds. We prove that there do not exist Clairaut anti-invariant submersion admitting vertical Reeb vector field in case of the total manifold is Sasakian. Several illustrative examples are also included

Loss-of-Function Mutations in ELMO2 Cause Intraosseous Vascular Malformation by Impeding RAC1 Signaling

Vascular malformations are non-neoplastic expansions of blood vessels that arise due to errors during angiogenesis. They are a heterogeneous group of sporadic or inherited vascular disorders characterized by localized lesions of arteriovenous, capillary, or lymphatic origin. Vascular malformations that occur inside bone tissue are rare. Herein, we report loss-of-function mutations in ELMO2 (which translates extracellular signals into cellular movements) that are causative for autosomal-recessive intraosseous vascular malformation (VMOS) in five different families. Individuals with VMOS suffer from life-threatening progressive expansion of the jaw, craniofacial, and other intramembranous bones caused by malformed blood vessels that lack a mature vascular smooth muscle layer. Analysis of primary fibroblasts from an affected individual showed that absence of ELMO2 correlated with a significant downregulation of binding partner DOCK1, resulting in deficient RAC1-dependent cell migration. Unexpectedly, elmo2-knockout zebrafish appeared phenotypically normal, suggesting that there might be human-specific ELMO2 requirements in bone vasculature homeostasis or genetic compensation by related genes. Comparative phylogenetic analysis indicated that elmo2 originated upon the appearance of intramembranous bones and the jaw in ancestral vertebrates, implying that elmo2 might have been involved in the evolution of these novel traits. The present findings highlight the necessity of ELMO2 for maintaining vascular integrity, specifically in intramembranous bones.WoSScopu