Los daños morales

El daño moral es un daño cuya veracidad es muy difícil de demostrar en el mundo material; hay numerosas teoría sobre cuándo determinar la existencia del daño moral, quiénes son los sujetos susceptibles de sufrir este daño y de qué forma podemos entrar a valorar pecuniariamente este daño. Abordadas las cuestiones generales del daño, el trabajo se orienta hacia la concreción del daño moral que resulta de la lesión de los derechos al honor, a la intimidad personal y familiar y a la propia imagen, después de haber indagado en las distintas vías que existen en nuestro sistema de responsabilidad civil extracontractual para valorar el daño moral sufrido.Grado en Derech

Effects of selling through an auction market on physiological variables in beef calves

In Chile, selling cattle through auction markets is common, and involves various stressful events. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of selling weaned beef calves through an auction market on indicators of physiological stress. Considering that transportation is invariably linked to any commercialization procedure, we compared the effects of exposing calves to transport and sale through an auction market versus transporting them directly between farms. Twenty calves of 175 (+/-37.5) kg live weight were transported from their origin farm to an auction market (2.5 h journey), where 10 calves were unloaded and exposed to regular handling within the market (unloading, sorting, regrouping, penning, sale yard showing) and thereafter loaded and transported back to the farm (TM). The remaining 10 calves were not unloaded at the market and were immediately transported back to the farm, simulating a direct sale (TD). Data collection (blood samples, body temperature, and live weight) was performed at the farm in both groups before loading (initial, 0 h), at the end of the process, after unloading TM calves back on the farm (after unloading, 12 h), and during recovery at 24, 48, and 72 h after the initial sampling. We used mixed-effects models to compare treatments and samplings. No differences were found between treatments in terms of live weight loss, maximum eye temperature, plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate, and serum cortisol concentrations. The rectal temperature was higher (p < 0.05) in TM after treatment and remained higher (p > 0.05) in the samples than in TD. Calves that passed through the market showed higher (p < 0.05) plasma CK activity after unloading (12 h) than did those that did not. The mean glucose concentration increased (p < 0.05) at 12h and remained higher than the initial value (0 h) in both the calf groups. This was a preliminary study, and according to the results, experiments should be repeated to test more animals under different situations and premises

Italian youth mobility during the last two decades: an overview in eight selected EU countries

The international mobility of young people from Europe’s Mediterranean countries has become an important topic in scientific debate. The issue has major reverberations in the national media since youth outflows – not adequately compensated for by return flows or new inflows – can undermine the economic and social sustainability of development processes in the countries of origin. The 2007–2008 financial and economic crisis, contributed significantly to intensifying those outflows and reducing the return flows. This paper focuses on the international mobility of young Italians during the past two decades. After addressing the problem of existing data sources and their comparability, our analysis, in terms of spatial distribution, will be concentrated on eight EU destination countries presenting three different sets of socio-economic characteristics: the UK, Germany and Sweden (characterised by high mobility, high income, and high capacity for attracting immigration); Latvia, Romania and Slovakia (characterised by high out mobility, medium-low income, and low capacity for attracting immigration) and Ireland and Spain (characterised by high mobility, mediumhigh income, and a temporally and spatially discontinuous capacity for attracting immigration). In terms of geographical distribution, our analysis will consider the most represented places of origin in Italy at the provincial level. Our study provides an overview of international outflows of young Italians, considering destination countries, places of origin, gender, marital status and age. These results could be used by scientists and policymakers in dealing with the challenge of maximizing the advantages of mobility for individuals while minimizing costs in terms of social and economic sustainability

Incidencia de la cadena de valor en el desarrollo sustentable del cultivo de café robusta (Coffea canephora) en la parroquia San Jacinto del Búa, provincia de Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas.

La presente investigación tuvo como finalidad, establecer estrategias para el desarrollo sustentable del café robusta (Coffea canephora) en la parroquia San Jacinto del Búa, provincia de Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas a través de la incidencia en la cadena de valor para este tipo de cultivo. Para ello, se realizó un diagnóstico situacional de las fincas cafetaleras, luego se analizó la cadena de valor del café robusta y finalmente se elaboró una propuesta para el desarrollo de los productores bajo un enfoque sustentable. La metodología fue de tipo no experimental, utilizando los métodos deductivo, inductivo y analítico. El diagnóstico identificó bajos rendimientos del cultivo, bajos ingresos económicos, condiciones de vida no favorables y falta de conciencia ambiental en los productores. La cadena de valor mostró el bajo porcentaje de participación del productor en los 7 canales de comercialización identificados. Se proponen 9 indicadores económicos, 7 indicadores sociales, 6 indicadores ambientales y 12 indicadores técnicoproductivos como base para futuros seguimientos de esta actividad agrícola. El plan para el desarrollo sustentable tiene 30 estrategias que permitirán mejorar las condiciones económicas, sociales, ambientales y técnico-productivas en la zona. Se aceptó la hipótesis alterna: Los eslabones en la cadena de valor si inciden en el desarrollo sustentable del cultivo de café robusta (Coffea canephora). Se recomienda la asociatividad de los agricultores para comercializar el café robusta directamente con la industria nacional.This research paper had as its main purpose to establish strategies for the sustainable development of robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) in San Jacinto del Búa, Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas Province, through the incidence in the value chain for this type of crop. In order to achieve this, a situational diagnosis of the coffee farms was done, and later, the value chain of robusta coffee was analyzed. Finally, a proposal for the development of the producers under a sustainable model was carried out. The methodology was of a non-experimental type, and the deductive, inductive and analytic methods were used. The diagnostic test identified low yield of the crop, low income, non-adequate living conditions, and lack of environmental awareness in producers. The value chain showed a very low percentage of the producer participation within the seven identified marketing channels. This paper proposes nine economic indicators, seven social indicators, six environmental indicators, and twelve technical-productive indicators as a base for the future monitoring of this agricultural activity. The plan for sustainable development has thirty strategies that will improve their financial, social, environmental, and technical-productive conditions in the zone. The alternate hypothesis was accepted: The links in the value chain do influence in the sustainable development of robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) crop. It is recommended that the producers get together in association so that they can do business with the national industry directly

Young Italians in European countries: social and economic perspective

The number of Italian youngsters (aged from 15 to 34 years old) residing in EU and EFTA countries numbered 758,000 at 1 January 2015. This figure was obtained from the official Consular Registry, which contains administrative records on Italians residing abroad. The Archive is of high statistical quality, being the result of the application of Law 459 of 27.12.2001, concerning the voting rights of Italian citizens living abroad. We analysed data on young Italians residing in EU and EFTA countries. Most of these youngsters live in Germany, Switzerland, France, Belgium and the UK. A very high percentage of youngsters of Italian nationality living abroad were born outside Italy (almost eighty per cent). The specific nature of the data source makes it possible to measure variables that are not always available, such as the Italian areas of origin, gender, type of activity performed (study, training or work) and family ties. We used regression models to study the patterns of residence abroad and the relationship between the immigration coutries and the specific areas of origin of young Italians. Moreover, the paper aims to describe the main demopgraphic features – such as educational level and occupational status – which affect on the choice of the destination country of Italian youngsters (Germany and Switzerland; France and UK; Spain and Belgium).Au 1er janvier 2015, le nombre de jeunes Italiens âgés de 15 à 34 ans résidant dans les pays de l’UE et de l’AELE s’élevait à 758 000. Ce chiffre a été obtenu auprès du registre consulaire officiel, qui regroupe des dossiers administratifs sur les Italiens résidant à l’étranger. Les archives présentent une qualité statistique élevée résultant de l’application de la loi n°459 du 27.12.2001 relative au droit de vote des citoyens italiens résidant à l’étranger. Nous avons analysé les données relatives aux jeunes Italiens résidant dans les pays de l’UE et de l’AELE. La plupart de ces jeunes vivent en Allemagne, en Suisse, en France, en Belgique et au Royaume-Uni. Un très fort pourcentage de ceux-ci (près de 80 %) sont nés à l’étranger. La nature spécifique de la source de données permet de mesurer des variables qui ne sont pas toujours disponibles, telles que les régions d’origine italienne, le sexe, le type d’activité exercée et les liens familiaux. Nous avons utilisé des modèles de régression logistique binaire pour analyser les flux migratoires existant entre des zones d’origine spécifiques en Italie et des pays comptant le plus grand nombre de jeunes émigrants italiens (Allemagne et Suisse, France et Royaume-Uni, Espagne et Belgique)

New records of Ascomycota in the Northwestern Argentinean Yungas

We report new records for nine species of ascomycetes from the Yungas of northwestern Argentina. Capronia nigerrima, Capronia pulcherrima and Rosellinia dingleyae are new records for South America. Byssosphaeria rhodomphala, Camarops tubulina, Cercophora ambigua, Chaetosphaerella phaeostroma, Tubeufia, cylindrothecia are new species for Argentina, and Togninia minima is a new record for the biome.Fil: Gallo, María Cecilia Fátima. Fundación Miguel Lillo; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucuman. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo. Instituto Miguel Lillo; ArgentinaFil: Robledo, Gerardo Lucio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (p); ArgentinaFil: Romero, Andrea Irene. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Plantas Tóxicas y Medicinales, Metabolismo de Compuestos Sintéticos y Naturales - Hongos que Intervienen en la Degradación Biológica; ArgentinaFil: Catania, Myriam del V.. Fundación Miguel Lillo; Argentin

Chronic heart failure is characterized by altered mitochondrial function and structure in circulating leucocytes

Oxidative stress is currently viewed as a key factor in the genesis and progression of Heart Failure (HF). The aim of this study was to characterize the mitochondrial changes linked to oxidative stress generation in circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from chronic HF patients (HF_PBMCs) in order to highlight the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathophysiology of HF. To assess the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial function and ultrastructure and the mitophagic flux in circulating PBMCs we enrolled 15 patients with HF and a control group of ten healthy subjects. The HF_PBMCs showed a mitochondrial population consisting of damaged and less functional organelles responsible of higher superoxide anion production both at baseline and under in vitro stress conditions, with evidence of cellular apoptosis. Although the mitophagic flux at baseline was enhanced in HF_PBMCs at level similar to those that could be achieved in control PBMCs only under inflammatory stress conditions, the activation of mitophagy was unable to preserve a proper mitochondrial dynamics upon stress stimuli in HF. In summary, circulating HF_PBMCs show structural and functional derangements of mitochondria with overproduction of reactive oxidant species. This mitochondrial failure sustains a leucocyte dysfunctional status in the blood that may contribute to development and persistence of stress conditions within the cardiovascular system in HF

Programa De La Estrategia Indagatoria Para Mejorar Las Competencias Del Área De Ciencia, Tecnología Y Ambiente En Los Estudiantes De La Institución Educativa Mater Admirabilis Del Distrito De José Leonardo Ortiz, Chiclayo - 2016.

A pesar de que las últimas investigaciones que se vienen desarrollando por diferentes estudiosos y organismos internacionales evidencian que las escuelas actuales no tienden a desarrollar la capacidad creativa del estudiante, la capacidad de análisis, de experimentación, del pensamiento sistémico ni del trabajo colaborativo, las cuales se hacen necesarias para responder a los retos educativos del siglo XXI y a la necesidad de formar personas íntegras que respondan a las situaciones de cambio, diversidad y complejidad. Lo importante es que el principal factor del aprendizaje: el magisterio es consciente de esta realidad dado quelos estudiantes presentan niveles de logro en inicio y proceso en las áreas, específicamente de ciencias debido a diversos causas entre las que destacan la aversión o poca disposición por el estudio de estas áreas, el escaso tiempo dedicado al estudio, la inadecuada implementación de estrategias didácticas que no apuntan a desarrollar competencias, la escasa identificación de los padres con la formación de sus hijos, etc. Esta problemática a nivel local, del bajo nivel de logro de las competencias del Área de Ciencia, Tecnología y Ambiente en los estudiantes del VII ciclo se obtuvieron al aplicar un test diseñado teniendo en cuenta los indicadores para cada capacidad de cada competencia, con un total de veinticinco ítems o preguntas para cada grado de estudios, en el cual se evidencia que un 70% de estudiantes en promedio se encuentran en el nivel de inicio de logro delas competencias científicas frente a un 23% de estudiantes en niveles de logro en proceso, por tanto requieren de un acompañamiento efectivo del docente como mediador del aprendizaje y de los procesos cognitivos que implica su desarrollo, a través del desarrollo de programas contextualizadas y pertinentes que respondan a desarrollar en forma sistémica los procesos que implica el desarrollo de las competencias científicas, teniendo en cuenta aspectos o características de una metodología activa basada en la indagación, la cual combina diferentes estrategias didácticas que tienden a potenciar los procesos mismos de comprender y hacer ciencia para ponerla al servicio de su desarrollo personal, social, económico y ambiental

Belief Dynamics in Complex Social Networks

People are becoming increasingly more connected to each other in social media networks. These networks are complex because in general there can be many di fferent types of relations, as well as di fferent degrees of strength for each one; moreover, these relations are dynamic because they can change over time. In this context, users' knowledge flows over the network, and modeling how this occurs - or can possibly occur - is therefore of great interest from a knowledge representation and reasoning perspective. In this paper, we focus on the problem of how a single user's knowledge base changes when exposed to a stream of news items coming from other members in the network. As a first step towards solving this problem, we identify possible solutions leveraging preexisting belief merging operators, and conclude that there is a gap that needs to be bridged between the application of such operators and a principled solution to the proposed problem.Sociedad Argentina de Informática e Investigación Operativa (SADIO

Local Belief Dynamics in Network Knowledge Bases

People are becoming increasingly more connected to each other as social networks continue to grow both in number and variety, and this is true for autonomous software agents as well. Taking them as a collection, such social platforms can be seen as one complex network with many different types of relations, different degrees of strength for each relation, and a wide range of information on each node. In this context, social media posts made by users are reflections of the content of their own individual (or local) knowledge bases; modeling how knowledge flows over the network? or how this can possibly occur? is therefore of great interest from a knowledge representation and reasoning perspective. In this article, we provide a formal introduction to the network knowledge base model, and then focus on the problem of how a single agents knowledge base changes when exposed to a stream of news items coming from other members of the network. We do so by taking the classical belief revision approach of first proposing desirable properties for how such a local operation should be carried out (theoretical characterization), arriving at three different families of local operators, exploring concrete algorithms (algorithmic characterization) for two of the families, and proving properties about the relationship between the two characterizations (representation theorem). One of the most important differences between our approach and the classical models of belief revision is that in our case the input is more complex, containing additional information about each piece of information.Fil: Gallo, Fabio Rafael. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Ciencias e Ingeniería de la Computación. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Ciencias e Ingeniería de la Computación. Instituto de Ciencias e Ingeniería de la Computación; ArgentinaFil: Simari, Gerardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Ciencias e Ingeniería de la Computación. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Ciencias e Ingeniería de la Computación. Instituto de Ciencias e Ingeniería de la Computación; ArgentinaFil: Martinez, Maria Vanina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Computación. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Computación; ArgentinaFil: Abad Santos, Natalia Vanesa. Universidad Nacional del Sur; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Falappa, Marcelo Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Ciencias e Ingeniería de la Computación. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Ciencias e Ingeniería de la Computación. Instituto de Ciencias e Ingeniería de la Computación; Argentin