Value Similarity about Human Resources, Competitiveness and Social Responsibility: A Study of Organizational and Suborganizational Differences

This study explored the perception of value similarity between employees and top management. Three types of organizational values were identified including values concerning the use of human resources, the competitiveness of the firm, and the importance of social responsibility. Two organizations and two subpopulations within one organization were examined to determine if differences exist in the way different groups configure their values. The results revealed that the importance of value similarity on the use of human resources was univocal or common to both organizations and subpopulations. In contrast, similarity on competiveness values and social responsibility values were found to vary and thus operate uniquely for different organizations and subgroups. The implications of these findings for the universality versus uniqueness debate within the culture literature and the future measurement of organizational value constructs are discussed

AFTER THE INK DRIES: THE INTERACTION OF TRUST AND CONTROL IN US-BASED INTERNATIONAL JOINT VENTURES

This study empirically examines the moderating effects of age and partner trust on the relationship between control mechanisms and perceptions of performance in 129 US-based international joint ventures (IJVs). A reliance on formal control mechanisms and general managers' perceptions of IJV performance were found to be positively related in younger IJVs, but this relationship became negative in more mature IJVs. In addition, social control mechanisms and perceptions of IJV performance were positively related, but only in the presence of affect-based trust between the parents. Copyright 2002 Blackwell Publishers Ltd..

Determinants of Occupational Earnings in the United States: A Causal Modeling Approach

Peer ReviewedThe "comparable worth" controversy has raised the issue of the fairness of labor markets: Are predominantly female occupations paid less than predominantly male occupations because they are less demanding, or because they are predominantly female? Unfortunately, previous methodologies have failed to account for complex interactions among such variables as seasonality, education, and the different facets of job difficulty. In this paper a causal modeling approach on U.S. data is used in an attempt to disentangle these multiple effects. The results indicate that the strongest direct effects on occupational earnings is educational attainment; this is followed by labor force stability, male domination, and least of all, job difficulty. The results indicate that the female composition of an occupation has a large and negative direct effect on earnings and has a greater overall influence than job difficulty

Successful localization programs in China: an important element in strategy implementation

Globalization has resulted in firms increasingly establishing operations in other countries, often as a way to reduce costs. Localizing management, by replacing expatriates with locals further reduces operating costs, can be important to successful strategy implementation. This study examined expatriate localization programs in 67 multinational firms operating within the Peoples' Republic of China (PRC). The results show that planning aspects of a localization program and efforts to improve selection have significant, positive effects on the program's success

Successful localization programs in China: an important element in strategy implementation

Globalization has resulted in firms increasingly establishing operations in other countries, often as a way to reduce costs. Localizing management, by replacing expatriates with locals further reduces operating costs, can be important to successful strategy implementation. This study examined expatriate localization programs in 67 multinational firms operating within the Peoples' Republic of China (PRC). The results show that planning aspects of a localization program and efforts to improve selection have significant, positive effects on the program's success.

Anti-piracy effectiveness and managerial confidence: Insights from multinationals in China

This paper examines the perceptions of the multinationals on the effectiveness of anti-piracy strategies and the interactions of managerial confidence in the intellectual property system in China on such effectiveness. The authors propose an anti-piracy model. Using data from 128 multinationals, the preliminary test demonstrates that anti-piracy strategies have a powerful effect on curtailing piracy explaining over 51% of the variations in the anti-piracy success. The level of managers’ confidence in the intellectual property system in China strongly impacts on the relationship with anti-piracy strategies