Salivary Markers for Oral Cancer Detection

Oral cancer refers to all malignancies that arise in the oral cavity, lips and pharynx, with 90% of all oral cancers being oral squamous cell carcinoma. Despite the recent treatment advances, oral cancer is reported as having one of the highest mortality ratios amongst other malignancies and this can much be attributed to the late diagnosis of the disease. Saliva has long been tested as a valuable tool for drug monitoring and the diagnosis systemic diseases among which oral cancer. The new emerging technologies in molecular biology have enabled the discovery of new molecular markers (DNA, RNA and protein markers) for oral cancer diagnosis and surveillance which are discussed in the current review

STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF MOUSE AND HUMAN GLUTAMATE DEMYDROGENASE GENES. MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF GLUD1 GENE IN CERTAIN HUMAN NEUROLOGICAL DISEASES

THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS THE STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF GLUTAMATEDEHYDROGENASE GENE FAMILY BOTH IN MOUSE AND HUMAN AND ALSO THE ELUCIDATION OF THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF FAMILIAR AND SPORADIC FORMS OF CERTAIN HUMAN DEGENERATIVE DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH A DEFICIENCY OF GLUTAMATE DEHYDROGENASE. IN THIS CONTEST WE ISOLATED AND CHARACTERAZED A FULL LENGTH MOUSE BRAIN GLUDCDNA. MAPPING STUDIES BY USING A WELL-CHARACTERIZED PANEL OF SOMATIC CELL HYBRIDS REVEALED THE EXISTENCE OF TWO MOUSE GLUTAMATE DEHYDROGENASE GENES LOCATED ON CHROMOSONE 14 (GLUD) AND 7 (GLUD-2). PERLIMINARY ANALYSISOF THESE LOCI REVEALED THAT THE GLUD LOWER IS THE FUNCTIONAL GENE, WHILE GLUD-2 RAPRESENTS A FRUNCAFED PSEUDOGENE. THE STUCTURE OF THE PROMOTOR OF GLUD GENE HAS THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HOUSEKEE PING PROMOTERS. NORTHERN BLOT ANALYSIS REVEALED THE PRESENCE OF TWO GLUD MRNAS SPECIES DIFFERING BOTH IN SIZE AND THE RELATIVE ABUNDANCES. PRELIMINARY SOUTHERN BLOT ANALYSIS SHOWED A COMPLEX HYBRIDIZATION PATTERN IN AGGREEMENT WITH THE PRESENCE OF A SMALL GLUDGENE FAMILY INHUMANS. THE DECREASED GLUD MRNA LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH OLIVOPONTOCEREBELLAR ATROPHY ARE NOT DUE TO MUTATIONS IN GLUD1 LOCUR.ΣΚΟΠΟΣ ΑΥΤΗΣ ΤΗΣ ΔΙΑΤΡΙΒΗΣ ΗΤΑΝ Η ΜΕΛΕΤΗ ΤΗΣ ΔΟΜΗΣ ΚΑΙ ΛΕΙΤΟΥΡΓΙΑΣ ΤΩΝ ΓΟΝΙΔΙΩΝ ΤΗΣ ΓΛΟΥΤΑΜΙΚΗΣ ΑΦΥΔΡΟΓΟΝΑΣΗΣ (GLUD)ΣΕ ΔΥΟ ΠΟΛΥ ΟΜΟΛΟΓΑ ΣΥΣΤΗΜΑΤΑ ΤΟΥ ΠΟΝΤΙΚΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΤΟΥ ΑΝΘΡΩΠΟΥ ΚΑΙ Η ΔΙΕΡΕΥΝΗΣΗ ΤΗΣ ΜΟΡΙΑΚΗΣ ΒΑΣΗΣ ΟΡΙΣΜΕΝΩΝ ΟΙΚΟΓΕΝΩΝ ΚΑΙ ΣΠΟΡΑΔΙΚΩΝ ΝΕΥΡΟΕΚΦΥΛΙΣΤΙΚΩΝ ΤΟΥ ΑΝΘΡΩΠΟΥ ΠΟΥ ΣΥΝΔΕΟΝΤΑΙ ΜΕ ΑΝΕΠΑΡΚΕΙΑ ΤΟΥ ΕΝΖΥΜΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΑΝΩΜΑΛΟ ΜΕΤΑΒΟΛΙΣΜΟΤΟΥ ΓΛΟΥΤΑΜΙΚΟΥ. ΣΤΑ ΠΛΑΙΣΙΑ ΑΥΤΗΣ ΤΗΣ ΠΡΟΣΠΑΘΕΙΑΣ ΕΓΙΝΕ Η ΑΠΟΜΟΝΩΣΗ ΚΑΙ Ο ΠΡΟΣΔΙΟΡΙΣΜΟΣ ΤΗΣ ΝΟΥΚΛΕΟΤΙΔΙΚΗΣ ΑΛΛΗΛΟΥΧΙΑΣ ΜΟΡΙΩΝ GLUD CDUA. ΠΕΙΡΑΜΑΤΑ ΧΡΩΜΟΣΩΜΑΤΙΚΗΣ ΧΑΡΤΟΓΡΑΦΗΣΗΣ ΕΔΕΙΞΑΝ ΤΗΝ ΠΑΡΟΥΣΙΑ ΓΕΝΕΤΙΚΩΝ ΤΟΠΩΝ ΓΙΑ ΤΗ GLUD ΣΤΟ ΓΟΝΙΔΙΩΜΑ ΤΟΥ ΠΟΝΤΙΚΟΥ ΠΟΥ ΕΔΡΑΖΟΝΤΑΙ ΣΤΟ ΧΡΩΜΟΣΩΜΑ 14 (GLUD) ΚΑΙ 7(GLUD-2). ΠΡΟΣΔΙΟΡΙΣΤΗΚΕ ΤΟ ΣΗΜΕΙΟ ΕΝΑΡΞΗΣΤΗΣ ΜΕΤΑΓΡΑΦΗΣ ΚΑΙ Η 5 ΠΛΕΥΡΙΚΗ ΠΕΡΙΟΧΗ ΤΟΥ ΛΕΙΤΟΥΡΓΙΚΟΥ ΓΟΝΙΔΙΟΥ GLUD. Ο ΠΟΙΟΤΙΚΟΣ ΚΑΙ ΠΟΣΟΤΙΚΟΣ ΕΛΕΓΧΟΣ ΤΩΝ ΕΠΙΠΕΔΩΝ GLUDMRNA ΑΠΟΚΑΛΥΨΕ ΤΗΝ ΠΑΡΟΥΣΙΑ ΔΥΟ ΜΕΤΑΓΡΑΦΩΝ ΠΟΥ ΔΙΑΦΕΡΟΥΝ ΤΟΣΟ ΣΤΟ ΜΕΓΕΘΟΣ ΟΣΟ ΚΑΙ ΣΤΗΝ ΣΧΕΤΙΚΗ ΑΦΘΟΝΙΑ ΤΟΥΣ. ΣΤΟΝ ΑΝΘΡΩΠΟ ΠΡΟΚΑΤΑΡΤΙΚΗ ΑΝΑΛΥΣΗ ΚΑΤΑ SOUTHERN ΑΠΟΚΑΛΥΨΕ ΕΝΑ ΠΟΛΥΠΛΟΚΟΠΡΟΤΥΠΟ ΥΒΡΙΔΟΠΟΙΗΣΗΣ ΥΠΟΔΕΙΚΛΥΟΝΤΑΣ ΕΤΣΙ ΤΗΝ ΠΑΡΟΥΣΙΑ ΜΙΑΣ ΜΙΚΡΗΣ ΓΟΝΙΔΙΑΚΗΣ ΟΙΚΟΓΕΝΕΙΑΣ ΓΙΑ ΤΗΝ GLUD. ΤΑ ΜΕΙΩΜΕΝΑ ΕΠΙΠΕΔΑ GLUD MRNAΣΕ ΑΣΘΕΝΕΙΣ ΜΕ ΕΛΑΙΟΓΕΦΥΡΟΠΑΡΕΓΚΕΦΑΛΙΔΙΚΗ ΑΤΡΟΦΙΑ ΔΕΝ ΦΑΙΝΕΤΑΙ ΝΑ ΟΦΕΙΛΟΝΤΑΙ ΣΕ ΚΑΠΟΙΑ ΕΝΔΕΧΟΜΕΝΗ ΜΟΡΙΑΚΗ ΒΛΑΒΗ ΤΟΥ ΓΟΝΙΔΙΟΥ GLUD1

Age-dependent methylation in epigenetic clock CpGs is associated with G-quadruplex, co-transcriptionally formed RNA structures and tentative splice sites

Horvath’s epigenetic clock consists of 353 CpGs whose methylation levels can accurately predict the age of individuals. Using bioinformatics analysis, we investigated the conformation, energy characteristics and presence of tentative splice sites of the sequences surrounding the epigenetic clock CpGs, in relation to the median methylation changes in different ages, the presence of CpG islands and their position in genes. Common characteristics in the 100 nt sequences surrounding the epigenetic clock CpGs are G-quadruplexes and/or tentative splice site motifs. Median methylation increases significantly in sequences which adopt less stable structures during transcription. Methylation is higher when CpGs overlap with G-quadruplexes than when they precede them. Median methylation in epigenetic clock CpGs is higher in sequences expressed as single products rather than in multiple products and those containing single donors and multiple acceptors. Age-related methylation variation is significant in sequences without G-quadruplexes, particularly those producing low stability nascent RNA and those with splice sites. CpGs in sequences close to transcription start sites and those which are possibly never expressed (hypothetical proteins) undergo similar extent of age-related median methylation decrease and increase. Preservation of methylation is observed in CpG islands without G-quadruplexes, contrary to CpGs far from CpG islands (open sea). Sequences containing G-quadruplexes and RNA pseudoknots, determining the recognition by H3K27 histone methyltransferase, are hypomethylated. The presented structural DNA and co-transcriptional RNA analysis of epigenetic clock sequences, foreshadows the association of age-related methylation changes with the principle biological processes of DNA and histone methylation, splicing and chromatin silencing

Increased Δ133p53 mRNA in lung carcinoma corresponds with reduction of p21 expression

La “intervención social” no es sinónimo de Trabajo Social y tampoco refiere exclusivamente a “procedimientos”. En el campo académico resulta complejo reconocer a la “intervención social” como campo de conocimientos al igual que los conocimientos políticos o sociológicos, pero nos proponemos fundamentar en este texto que la Intervención Social sí constituye una categoría teórica en cuya definición ha aportado y aporta el Trabajo Social, pero también la Ciencia Política y la Sociología. En términos generales, podemos decir que la intervención social es un concepto que abarca el conjunto de procesos y estrategias que tienen lugar en la implementación-gestión de políticas sociales y en las múltiples formas de acción colectiva que desarrollan los sujetos en torno al acceso a derechos. Así planteado, estamos reconociendo un campo de conocimientos que incluye al Estado como garante de derechos y regulador en los procesos de redistribución democrática de los recursos en las sociedades desiguales en las que vivimos, al igual que a la sociedad movilizada en torno a demandas, necesidades y reivindicaciones en la conquista de esos derechos, en la reformulación de políticas y en los modos de acceso - o no acceso - a los mismos.“Social intervention” is not synonymous with Social Work and does not refer exclusively to “procedures.” In the academic field it is complex to recognize “social intervention” as a field of knowledge as well as political or sociological knowledge, but we propose to base in this text that Social Intervention does constitute a theoretical category in whose definition it has contributed and provides the Social Work, but also Political Science and Sociology. In general terms, we can say that social intervention is a concept that encompasses the set of processes and strategies that take place in the implementation-management of social policies and in the multiple forms of collective action that subjects develop around access to rights . Thus raised, we are recognizing a field of knowledge that includes the State as guarantor of rights and regulator in the processes of democratic redistribution of resources in the unequal societies in which we live, as well as to the society mobilized around demands, needs and claims in the conquest of those rights, in the reformulation of policies and in the modes of access - or non-access - to them.Facultad de Trabajo Socia

Dysregulation of Plasma miR-146a and miR-155 Expression Profile in Mycosis Fungoides Is Associated with rs2910164 and rs767649 Polymorphisms

Diagnosis of Mycosis Fungoides (MF) may be challenging, due to its polymorphic nature. The use of miRNAs as biomarkers to assist in diagnosis has been investigated, mainly in skin lesion biopsies. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the plasma levels of miR-146a and miR-155 in MF patients and to investigate their association with SNPs of their genes. Plasma miRNAs were quantified by RT-qPCR. Genomic DNA was used for SNPs’ genotyping by Sanger sequencing. Plasma levels of miR-146a and miR-155 were significantly higher in patients vs. controls, in early MF patients vs. controls, and in advanced vs. early MF patients. Both miRNAs’ levels were significantly higher in stage IIB vs. early-stage patients. miR-155 plasma levels were significantly higher in patients with skin tumors or erythroderma. CC genotype (rs2910164 C>G) was significantly more frequent in healthy controls and associated with lower MF risk and lower miR-146a levels. The AA genotype (rs767649 T>A) was significantly more frequent in patients and correlated with increased MF risk and increased miR-155 levels. The combination of GG+AA was only detected in patients and was correlated with higher MF susceptibility. Increased mir-146a and mir-155 plasma levels in MF is an important finding to establish putative noninvasive biomarkers. The presence of SNPs is closely associated with miRs’ expression, and possibly with disease susceptibility