Д.И. Ивановский ― первооткрыватель вирусов как новой формы биологической жизни

125 years ago, in 1992, a Russian scientist Dmitri Iosifovich Ivanovsky published first research data disclosing a unique form of filterable biological microlife. Further scientific progress in this discovery resulted in a new discipline of human knowledge, called «the Kingdom of viruses».A fundamental understanding of viral form of biological life was established not at once and was gradually formed under the accumulation of scientific facts. Only at the beginning of 50 years of the twentieth century, a basic understanding of viral Kingdom had been formed and 1992 year was recognized as the year of the birth of Virology. Virology, which started developing by the research of D.I. Ivanovsky, gave remarkable progress and prominent results: more than 20 scientists got Nobble Prize for the outstanding works in virology. There are all arguments and grounds to nominate the international scientific award in virology named of D.I. Ivanovsky.Открытая 125 лет назад русским ученым Д.И. Ивановским уникальная форма фильтрующейся биологической микрожизни в дальнейшем научном развитии оформилась в виде новой отрасли человеческих знаний, получившей название «царство вирусов». Фундаментальное понимание вирусной формы жизни установилось не сразу и формировалось постепенно по мере накопления научных фактов. Только к началу 50-х годов ХХ столетия сформировалось основополагающее понимание вирусного царства, а 1892 г. был признан годом рождения науки вирусологии. Вирусология, у истоков которой стоял Д.И. Ивановский, дала ощутимые плоды: более 20 ученых удостоились Нобелевской премии за выдающиеся работы в этой области. Имеются все основания для учреждения российской и международной премии в области вирусологии им. Д.И. Ивановского

Cestode communities in non-breeding populations of four grebe species (Aves: Podicipedidae) from the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast

Cestode communities in Podiceps cristatus, P. grisegena, P. nigricollis and Tachybaptus ruficollis during their migrations and overwintering are studied at the Bulgarian Black Sea coast. The infracommunities exhibit high richness, abundance and dominance, and low diversity and similarity. The component communities have a similar taxonomic structure at the levels higher than species, a small number of core species and a high portion of grebe specialists in the richness and abundance. The comparison with cestode communities in grebes from Canada (Stock & Holmes, 1987) reveals several differences and similarities. The higher richness and abundance of the infracommunities in Canada are explained by the constant conditions of breeding habitats enhancing higher transmission rates. At the component community level, there is a significant difference between the two species lists. The degree of parasite exchange among the grebe species in Bulgaria is lower. Several characters of cestode component communities in grebes do not depend on either historical factors or different habitats. These are the similar patterns of the taxonomic structure at the levels higher than species, almost the same list of generalists, the participation of specialists of anatids, and the leading role of grebe specialists in the structure

A Unique Case of ‘Superficial’ Posterior Tibial Artery – Anatomical and Clinical Considerations

AbstractWe report a unique dissectional case of ‘superficial’ posterior tibial artery, unknown in anatomical and surgical literature. Arising from the popliteal artery, the aberrant posterior tibial artery coursed medially and passed between the tendons of the soleus and the medial head of gastrocnemius muscles. Covered by the crural fascia, the variant artery descended along the medial border of the tibia, parallel to the great saphenous vein. The arterial variation described here, though rare, could present some diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in the field of vascular surgery