La traduction des catéchismes et la conquête spirituelle dans la Province du Venezuela

En dépit de son rôle primordial dans la construction de l’identité hispano-américaine, tout au long des cinq derniers siècles, la traduction ne fait pas encore l’objet d’une recherche prioritaire. Parmi les périodes les moins étudiées, on trouve la colonisation, du XVIe au XVIIIe siècle, et, parmi les régions les plus oubliées, la Province du Venezuela. Le présent travail vise à mettre au jour les activités langagières les plus significatives de la période coloniale dans cette région et se penche plus particulièrement sur les tâches de traduction (catéchismes et livres de prières) accomplies par les membres des divers ordres religieux chargés par la couronne espagnole d’assurer la conquête spirituelle de l’Amérique. Cette étude de nature descriptive cherche à signaler des pistes de recherche pour l’interprétation du caractère transculturel des échanges entre les colonies américaines et la métropole espagnole.In spite of its essential contribution to the formation of Hispano-American identity throughout the last five hundred years, translation has not yet reached the status of a priority research topic. Amongst least studied periods are the 16th and 17th centuries; and the Province of Venezuela lies amongst the most forgotten regions. This research intends to reveal the most significant linguistic activities of this region and particularly focuses on translation tasks—catechisms and prayer books—carried out by members of the various religious orders to whom the Spanish Crown gave the responsibility of spiritually conquering America. This descriptive study aims at pointing on research avenues for the interpretation of the transcultural nature of the relations between American colonies and Spain

Development path and capital structure of belgian biotechnology firms

This study investigates the relationship between the evolution of real options values and associated financing policies for Belgian companies in the sector of bio-industries. Each firm's situation regarding the relevant types of real options is stylistically represented through a scenario tree. The consumption of a time-to-build or a growth option is respectively considered as a success or a failure in company development. Empirically, several variables enable us to locate each company along the tree at any time. The study of transitions leads us to discover that failures tend to trigger higher leverage, unlike in the trade-off theory. Yet, the increases in debt maturity, in lease and in convertible financing confirm our predictions. Overall, we emphasize evidence of undercapitalization and of proper, yet insufficient, use of hybrid financing by biotech companies.