Method and apparatus for spur-reduced digital sinusoid synthesis

A technique for reducing the spurious signal content in digital sinusoid synthesis is presented. Spur reduction is accomplished through dithering both amplitude and phase values prior to word-length reduction. The analytical approach developed for analog quantization is used to produce new bounds on spur performance in these dithered systems. Amplitude dithering allows output word-length reduction without introducing additional spurs. Effects of periodic dither similar to that produced by a pseudo-noise (PN) generator are analyzed. This phase dithering method provides a spur reduction of 6(M + 1) dB per phase bit when the dither consists of M uniform variates. While the spur reduction is at the expense of an increase in system noise, the noise power can be made white, making the power spectral density small. This technique permits the use of a smaller number of phase bits addressing sinusoid look-up tables, resulting in an exponential decrease in system complexity. Amplitude dithering allows the use of less complicated multipliers and narrower data paths in purely digital applications, as well as the use of coarse-resolution, highly-linear digital-to-analog converters (DAC's) to obtain spur performance limited by the DAC linearity rather than its resolution

A Coupled Approach for Structural Damage Detection with Incomplete Measurements

This historical work couples model order reduction, damage detection, dynamic residual/mode shape expansion, and damage extent estimation to overcome the incomplete measurements problem by using an appropriate undamaged structural model. A contribution of this work is the development of a process to estimate the full dynamic residuals using the columns of a spring connectivity matrix obtained by disassembling the structural stiffness matrix. Another contribution is the extension of an eigenvector filtering procedure to produce full-order mode shapes that more closely match the measured active partition of the mode shapes using a set of modified Ritz vectors. The full dynamic residuals and full mode shapes are used as inputs to the minimum rank perturbation theory to provide an estimate of damage location and extent. The issues associated with this process are also discussed as drivers of near-term development activities to understand and improve this approach

RAPID CABLE BUNDLE SIZE INSPECTION OF POWER OVER ETHERNET BASED COMMUNICATIONS CABLING

Techniques are described herein to allow a user (e.g., installer, electrician, inspector, etc.) to use a tie for a particular gauge wire system to tie the bundle together. A set of markers on the tie may indicate the number of wires that are in the bundle. If the viewing window exceeds the marked bundle size, then the bundle grouping is too large and the wire count must be reduced

Non-canonical functions of EZH2 in cancer

Mutations in chromatin modifying genes frequently occur in many kinds of cancer. Most mechanistic studies focus on their canonical functions, while therapeutic approaches target their enzymatic activity. Recent studies, however, demonstrate that non-canonical functions of chromatin modifiers may be equally important and therapeutically actionable in different types of cancer. One epigenetic regulator that demonstrates such a dual role in cancer is the histone methyltransferase EZH2. EZH2 is a core component of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), which plays a crucial role in cell identity, differentiation, proliferation, stemness and plasticity. While much of the regulatory functions and oncogenic activity of EZH2 have been attributed to its canonical, enzymatic activity of methylating lysine 27 on histone 3 (H3K27me3), a repressive chromatin mark, recent studies suggest that non-canonical functions that are independent of H3K27me3 also contribute towards the oncogenic activity of EZH2. Contrary to PRC2\u27s canonical repressive activity, mediated by H3K27me3, outside of the complex EZH2 can directly interact with transcription factors and oncogenes to activate gene expression. A more focused investigation into these non-canonical interactions of EZH2 and other epigenetic/chromatin regulators may uncover new and more effective therapeutic strategies. Here, we summarize major findings on the non-canonical functions of EZH2 and how they are related to different aspects of carcinogenesis

Studies on the Effects of Maintenance of Hamster Adrenals in Vitro

Whole adrenals of the young adult hamster were maintained in culture. In most of the experiments the organ was supported on lens paper, but, latterly, cellulose and gelatin sponge were used. The culture media employed were (1) Ringer\u27s Solution (no nutrient), and (2) a nutrient mixture consisting of modified Krebs-Ringer\u27s Solution, lactalbumen hydrolysate, yeast extract and horse serum. The maintenance period was up to seven days, and the culture medium was freshened regularly in certain cases. Organs were weighed at the beginning and end, and sometimes during maintenance. Histological appearance at termination was compared with that of a freshly extirpated adrenal. In absence of nutrient, weight remained constant for the first day of culture, decreased over the following two to three days, and then leveled off at about 60 percent of its initial value. By contrast, organs cultured in the nutrient medium showed quite random variations in weight. There appeared to be no correlation between maintenance of weight and histological preservation; in point of fact, all organs which were well preserved after more than one to two days in vitro had lost weight considerably. Histological criteria are discussed