Constitutional Law - Self-Incrimination - Relation to Loyalty Discharge from Government Service

A doctor, drafted into the Army as a private by authority of the Doctors Draft Law, exercised his constitutional privilege against self-incrimination in refusing to complete a loyalty certificate required for a military commission. The Army refused to grant the commission. In a prior habeas corpus proceeding, he had been ordered discharged unless granted the commission. Since the Army intended to grant the discharge under conditions other than honorable, the doctor sought an injunction to compel prompt honorable discharge. Held, injunction granted. Exercise of the constitutional privilege in refusing to complete a loyalty certificate could not be considered a confession of guilt of subversive association or activities, and, in absence of other grounds, the doctor was entitled to an honorable discharge. Levin v. Gillespie, (D. C. Cal. 1954) 121 F. Supp. 726

Labor Law - LMRA - Status of Union Official as an Employee Representative for Purposes of Prosecution Under Section 302

The appellant was president of the International Longshoreman\u27s Association, the recognized bargaining agent for longshore labor in the Port of New York. An officer of several of the employer members of the New York Shipping Association paid the appellant $5500 in six yearly Christmas presents. The appellant was convicted of violating section 302 of the Labor-Management Relations Act, which makes it a misdemeanor for any representative of any employees to receive or agree to receive money from his employer, subject to certain exceptions. On appeal, held, reversed. The word representative is a term of art used throughout the act to mean a collective bargaining representative. Although the appellant is an officer of the union, the union itself is the collective bargaining agent. United States v. Ryan, (2d Cir. 1955) 225 F. (2d) 417, cert. granted 350 U.S. 860, 76 S.Ct. 103 (1955)

Taxation - Federal Income Tax - Deductibility of Transportation Expenses Between Two Places of Current Employment

Petitioner was employed as a high school principal by the city of Attleboro, Massachusetts, where he lived. He was also employed as an accounting instructor by Boston University, thirty-seven miles distant, two evenings a week for thirty-two weeks during the taxable year. He used his personal automobile to travel between the two cities and did not remain overnight in Boston. Neither employer expressly required him to incur any transportation expenses in connection with his teaching duties and there was no arrangement for reimbursement of transportation costs. The Tax Court affirmed the Commissioner\u27s disallowance-- of a deduction for the automobile expenses incurred in traveling between the two cities which petitioner had taken to arrive at his adjusted gross income before employing the standard deduction. On appeal, held, reversed. The Tax Court erred in its holding that the expenses were not incurred in connection with the performance of services by petitioner as an employee. Further, the taxpayer was away from home within the statutory meaning when he traveled to his evening teaching job. Chandler v. Commissioner, (1st Cir. 1955) 226 F. (2d) 467

Water content and morphology of sodium chloride aerosol particles

This is the publisher's version, also available electronically from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/1999JD900286/abstract;jsessionid=41C36E183A6316F5D3C491131615BD7A.f01t04.Sodium chloride droplets with a median diameter of ∼0.4 μm were generated in the laboratory by atomizing an aqueous solution of NaCl under ambient conditions. Infrared extinction spectra of the aerosols under controlled relative humidity (RH) ranging from 15 to 95% were obtained. The extinction spectra contained both scattering and absorption components. In order to obtain an absorption spectrum of the condensed phase H2O associated with the particulates, it was necessary to subtract from the extinction spectra the absorption by H2O vapor and the scattering by the particulates. H2O vapor subtraction was accomplished by a standard technique. A procedure using Mie theory to subtract the scattering component of the extinction spectrum is described. The absorption spectra were used to determine the water content and structure of the particulates. Above ∼50% RH the aerosols contain aqueous droplets that have not reached equilibrium with the water vapor during the timescale of the experiments (∼10 s). There is a sharp transition in water content at around 50% RH which is consistent with other measures of the recrystallization point. Below 50% RH the NaCl particles contain an anomalously large amount of H2O. Several different particle models are considered to explain the H2O content. The model in which the NaCl particles contain pockets of aqueous NaCl solution was found to be most consistent with the spectroscopic observations. The relevance of salt particle morphology and water content to atmospheric aerosol chemistry is discussed

Infrared spectroscopic signatures of (NH4)2SO4 aerosols

This is the publisher's version, also available electronically from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/96JD01543/abstract.Ammonium sulfate particles in air with average diameters ranging from 0.1 to 0.5-μm have been generated by atomizing aqueous solutions of (NH4)2SO4 of various concentrations at ambient temperatures and pressures. The infrared spectra from 4000 to 600 cm−1 of the resulting aerosols have been investigated. This spectral region has allowed us to study the four infrared-active vibrational modes of this salt: ν3(NH4+), ν4(NH4+), ν3(SO42−), and ν4(SO42−). The frequencies of these modes are similar to published results obtained from infrared studies of the single crystal but are displaced to higher wavenumbers. Depending on relative humidity, the aerosol particles are crystalline or supersaturated aqueous droplets. These phase identifications are possible because liquid water absorption features are found in the droplets but not in the crystals. Extensive Mie theory calculations have been performed for spheres of diameters ranging from 0.1-μm to 2.0-μm to explore frequency shifts and the relative contributions to extinction of scattering and absorption with particle size. We show that, for the smaller particles, the molecular cross section in the ν3(SO42−) region can be used to determine the number of (NH4)2SO4 molecules in an aerosol sample. The (small) frequency shifts in this region provide information on the aerosol particle size. A Mie theory calculation of extinction for a model polydisperse aerosol, believed to approximate that of an experimental aerosol, gives reasonable agreement with the observed spectrum. While calculated band centers of the four modes are within 1% of those observed, values of extinction can differ by as much as 50%. We discuss possible reasons for the discrepancies. Spectroscopic changes observed for an aerosol as the particles settle are discussed in terms of kinetic models and Mie theory. We discuss the potential of spectroscopic signatures of tropospheric (NH4)2SO4 aerosols for the characterization of their size, morphology, phase, and composition. Finally, we propose a field experiment to measure sulfate aerosol in the arctic troposphere

A Study of the Knowledge and Skills Required of Draftsmen in Descriptive Geometry, and What is Offered in Texas Junior Colleges

This study was conducted to ascertain whether or not the opportunities for developing competencies in descriptive geometry needed by draftsmen in the Dallas -Fort Worth area are being provided in Texas junior colleges. Findings concerning the knowledge, skills, and equipment associated with descriptive geometry as it is presented in Texas junior colleges were compared with competencies in descriptive geometry that representatives of industry believe are important for successful draftsmen in companies in the Dallas-Fort Worth area. The purpose of the study is to compile information which will be of use to school officials and teachers in developing courses of study that will enable students to acquire the knowledge and skills needed for success in industry

Radio Astronomy

Contains reports on five research projects.National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Grant NsG-419)National Science Foundation (Grant GP-7046)National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Contract NSR-22-009-120)Joint Services Electronics Programs (U. S. Army, U. S. Navy, and U, S. Air Force, under Contract DA 28-043-AMC-02536(E)U. S. Navy (Office of Naval Research) under Contract N00014-67-A-0204-000

Removal of PCR Error Products and Unincorporated Primers by Metal-Chelate Affinity Chromatography

Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography (IMAC) has been used for decades to purify proteins on the basis of amino acid content, especially surface-exposed histidines and “histidine tags” genetically added to recombinant proteins. We and others have extended the use of IMAC to purification of nucleic acids via interactions with the nucleotide bases, especially purines, of single-stranded RNA and DNA. We also have demonstrated the purification of plasmid DNA from contaminating genomic DNA by IMAC capture of selectively-denatured genomic DNA. Here we describe an efficient method of purifying PCR products by specifically removing error products, excess primers, and unincorporated dNTPs from PCR product mixtures using flow-through metal-chelate affinity adsorption. By flowing a PCR product mixture through a Cu2+-iminodiacetic acid (IDA) agarose spin column, 94–99% of the dNTPs and nearly all the primers can be removed. Many of the error products commonly formed by Taq polymerase also are removed. Sequencing of the IMAC-processed PCR product gave base-calling accuracy comparable to that obtained with a commercial PCR product purification method. The results show that IMAC matrices (specifically Cu2+-IDA agarose) can be used for the purification of PCR products. Due to the generality of the base-specific mechanism of adsorption, IMAC matrices may also be used in the purification of oligonucleotides, cDNA, mRNA and micro RNAs

Radio Astronomy

Contains reports on seven research projects.U. S. Navy (Office of Naval Research) under Contract N00014-67-A-0204-0009National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Grant NsG-419)National Science Foundation (Grant GP-7046)National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Contract NSR-22-009-120)Joint Services Electronics Programs (U. S. Army, U. S. Navy, and U.S. Air Force, Under Contract DA 28-043-AMC-02536(E