Haemorrheologicals: a new approach in the treatment of recurrent aphthous ulcer

Oral ulcers may have a great many causes. Aphthous stomatitis or Recurrent Aphthous Ulceration (RAU) is an extremely common disorder of the oral cavity. The majority of chronic oral ulcers are accounted for by major aphthous ulcers. The diagnosis of RAU is made on clinical grounds and through exclusion criteria .Here we present a   case of RAU treated with a different drug regime

A study on the mobile phone usage pattern and its dependence among medical students of a college in Kerala, India

Background: Mobile phones have become an essential part of life. It has become an important accessory carried by everybody not only because they make it easy to keep in touch with people but because of the various facilities they offer especially the internet. The charm of mobile phone is more among young generation and the increasing use may result in dependence. Aim was to study the usage pattern and dependence of mobile phones among medical students.Methods: A cross sectional study conducted among 200 medical students and studied the pattern of usage of mobile phones, common problems encountered and its dependence using a questionnaire. Statistical analysis done using chi square test and a p value of 30 minutes per day. Female students were talking more to their parents and male students to their friends followed by their lovers. 49 of them never used to attend the call while driving and 58 of them used to stop the vehicle and attend the call. (p=0.002) Mobile phone dependence was also found to be increased which is evident from ringxiety experienced by 68 students (34%) and waking up from sleep to check the mobile for call or message by 62 students(p=0.000). Out of 68 students with ringxiety, 69% were males and 37% were females (p=0.040). 82 participants (41%) commented that life without mobile will be boring and 50 (25%) said that they will feel alone or unsafe (p=0.001).Conclusions: As dependence is increasing with the excessive use of mobile phones, some interventions are required to motivate the youth against it.

Integrated water resources management and flood risk management: Opportunities and challenges in developing countries

Flood events and flood-related impacts have been increasing across the globe; in particular, riparian communities in developing countries are the worst sufferers due to insufficient preparedness. Conventional flood risk management (FRM) measures are usually structural measures, and they have limited potential to reduce impacts, whereas integrated water resources management (IWRM) is a multi-dimensional and holistic approach for FRM. It deals with enhancing the adaptive capacity of a community, and it recommends a variety of social, economic, technical, knowledge-related, institutional, and cultural measures. This chapter reviews the status and journey of adoption of IWRM for FRM in countries across the world such as the United States, European Union, India, Bangladesh, and representative African countries. Based on the review, it can be observed that IWRM has been accepted and adopted by countries across the globe for FRM. However, due to diverse levels of financial capability, technical skill sets, governance structure, cross-sectoral engagements, and stakeholder participation, the countries are at diverse levels of IWRM adoption

Synthesis and In-vitro antioxidant activity of substituted Pyridinyl 1, 3, 4 oxadiazole derivatives

ABSTRACT A series of substituted pyridinyl 1, 3, 4 oxadiazole derivatives were synthesized from Schiff bases of nicotinic acid derivatives through chlorination followed by reaction with hydrazine hydrate and with the use various aldehydes. The synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1 H NMR and Mass Spectra. All the compounds were screened for in vitro antioxidant activity by DPPH and Nitric oxide scavenging assay. Compounds substituted with electron donating groups like methoxy and hydroxyl showed higher antioxidant activity

Early Life Child Micronutrient Status, Maternal Reasoning, and a Nurturing Household Environment have Persistent Influences on Child Cognitive Development at Age 5 years : Results from MAL-ED

Funding Information: The Etiology, Risk Factors and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development Project (MAL-ED) is carried out as a collaborative project supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Foundation for the NIH, and the National Institutes of Health/Fogarty International Center. This work was also supported by the Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health (D43-TW009359 to ETR). Author disclosures: BJJM, SAR, LEC, LLP, JCS, BK, RR, RS, ES, LB, ZR, AM, RS, BN, SH, MR, RO, ETR, and LEM-K, no conflicts of interest. Supplemental Tables 1–5 and Supplemental Figures 1–3 are available from the “Supplementary data” link in the online posting of the article and from the same link in the online table of contents at https://academic.oup.com/jn/. Address correspondence to LEM-K (e-mail: [email protected]). Abbreviations used: HOME, Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment inventory; MAL-ED, The Etiology, Risk Factors, and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development Project; TfR, transferrin receptor; WPPSI, Wechsler Preschool Primary Scales of Intelligence.Peer reviewe

Early life child micronutrient status, maternal reasoning, and a nurturing household environment have persistent influences on child cognitive development at age 5 years: Results from MAL-ED

Background: Child cognitive development is influenced by early-life insults and protective factors. To what extent these factors have a long-term legacy on child development and hence fulfillment of cognitive potential is unknown. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the relation between early-life factors (birth to 2 y) and cognitive development at 5 y. Methods: Observational follow-up visits were made of children at 5 y, previously enrolled in the community-based MAL-ED longitudinal cohort. The burden of enteropathogens, prevalence of illness, complementary diet intake, micronutrient status, and household and maternal factors from birth to 2 y were extensively measured and their relation with the Wechsler Preschool Primary Scales of Intelligence at 5 y was examined through use of linear regression. Results: Cognitive T-scores from 813 of 1198 (68%) children were examined and 5 variables had significant associations in multivariable models: mean child plasma transferrin receptor concentration (β: −1.81, 95% CI: −2.75, −0.86), number of years of maternal education (β: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.45), maternal cognitive reasoning score (β: 0.09, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.15), household assets score (β: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.24, 1.04), and HOME child cleanliness factor (β: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.05, 1.15). In multivariable models, the mean rate of enteropathogen detections, burden of illness, and complementary food intakes between birth and 2 y were not significantly related to 5-y cognition. Conclusions: A nurturing home context in terms of a healthy/clean environment and household wealth, provision of adequate micronutrients, maternal education, and cognitive reasoning have a strong and persistent influence on child cognitive development. Efforts addressing aspects of poverty around micronutrient status, nurturing caregiving, and enabling home environments are likely to have lasting positive impacts on child cognitive development.publishedVersio

MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDIES AND SYNTHESIS OF 3, 4 - DISUBSTITUTED TRIAZOLES AS MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS ENOYL-ACP REDUCTASE AND CYP-51 INHIBITORS

Objective: To design, synthesize and in vitro antitubercular, antifungal and antioxidant evaluation of some novel mercapto 1, 2, 4–triazole derivatives. Methods: New derivatives were designed by using various software like ACD Lab chemsketch, molinspiration and autodock. Designed molecules are obeying Lipinski’s rule of five and having highest binding score was selected for the synthesis. The synthesized compounds were subjected to TLC, melting point determination, FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectral analysis. The newly synthesized compounds were investigated for in vitro antitubercular evaluation by MABA method, antifungal evaluation by cup plate method and antioxidant evaluation by DPPH scavenging assay. Results: A virtual screening was carried out through docking designed compounds into the InhA and CYP-51 binding site to predict if these compounds have an analogous binding mode of the enoyl ACP reductase (InhA) and CYP-51 inhibitors. Three derivatives (4a1, 4a2 and 4a3) were selected for the synthesis with the help of in silico modeling. The selected derivatives were synthesized by a conventional method. All the synthesized compounds showed a characteristic peak in FT IR, 1H and 13C NMR and mass spectroscopic studies. All the selected derivatives showed antitubercular, antifungal and antioxidant activity. Conclusion: The derivatives were synthesized adopting simple and laboratory friendly reaction conditions to give the target compounds in quantitative yields. Newer derivatives possess good antitubercular, antifungal and antioxidant activity