Asimetrija informacija i moralna opasnost u financijskoj ekonomiji

One of the most important neoclassical economic theory assumption is the perfect information. It assumes complete knowledge of required information for acting in the market, especially of other party\u27s motives. However, whenever two individuals interact in reality, complete knowledge of the other party’s motives and thoughts is simply impossible. Information asymmetry is an extremely important issue in the fields of consumer behavior, insurance, agency theory and bank loans. For the information to be of real value it must reduce the uncertainty of the parties involved. Adverse selection can emerge if the agent holds private information before the relationship is begun. Moral hazard occurs at a point in time later in the relationship where asymmetric information is due to the lack of verifiable action on the side of the agent or if he obtains new information. This paper shows models of adverse selection and moral hazard, with their application areas. One method that could reduce information asymmetry and, in this way, decrease the costs of bad decision making is the signaling, also shown in this paper.Jedna od najvažnijih neoklasičnih ekonomskih teoretskih pretpostavka je savršena informacija. Pretpostavlja potpuno vladanje potrebnim informacijama za sudjelovanje na tržištu, posebno o motivima drugih dionika. Ipak, kad god su dvoje pojedinaca u realnosti u kontaktu,nemoguće je u potpunosti znati motive i misli druge osobe. Asimetrija informacija veoma je važno pitanje na području ponašanja potrošača, osiguranja, teorije agenata i bankarskih kredita. Kako bi informacija imala pravu vrijednost, mora se smanjiti neizvjesnost dionika. Rizik pogrešnog izbora može nastati ukoliko agent zataška privatne informacije prije početka veze. Moralna opasnost nastaje u trenutku trajanja veze postoje asimetrične informacije zbog nepostojanja radnje od strane agenta koja se može potvrditi ili ako on dođe do novih informacija. Ovaj rad pokazuje modele rizika pogrešnog izbora i moralne opasnosti sa odgovarajućim područjima primjene. Jedna metoda koja bi mogla smanjiti asimetriju informacija i na taj način smanjiti trošak donošenja loših odluka, je signalizacija, koja je također prikazana u ovom radu

Charged Higgs production with a WW boson or a top quark

I present theoretical results for charged Higgs production in association with a $W$ boson or a top quark at the LHC. I calculate higher-order threshold corrections and show that they are very significant. I present detailed results for total cross sections as well as transverse-momentum and rapidity distributions for various LHC energies.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures; presented at the EPS Conference on High Energy Physics (EPS-HEP2017), Venice, Italy, July 5-12, 201

Irradiation effects in nanostructured FeCrAl oxide dispersion strengthened steel

Nanostructured ferritic oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) alloy is an ideal candidate for fission/fusion power plant materials, particularly in the use of a first-wall and blanket structure of a next generation reactor. These steels usually contain a high density of Y-Al-O nanoparticles, high dislocation densities and fine grains. The material contains nanoparticles with an average diameter of 21 nm. Irradiation of these alloys was performed with a dual beam irradiation of 2.5 MeV Fe+/31 dpa and 350 keV He+/18 appm/dpa. Irradiation causes atomic displacements resulting in vacancy and self-interstitial lattice defects and dislocation loops. Additionally to structural changes, the effect of the irradiation generated defects on the mechanical properties of the ODS is investigated by nanoindentation. A clear hardness increase in the irradiated area is observed, which reaches a maximum at a close surface region. This feature is attributed to synergistic effects between the displacement damage and He implantation resulting in He filled vacanciesFerritische Legierungen mit nanodispersen Oxidpartikeln zur Härtesteigerung sind ein geeignetes Material für Behälter und Ummantelungsstrukturen in modernen Fusions- und Kernspaltungsanlagen. Diese Stähle haben eine hohe Dichte von Y-Al-O Nanoteilchen mit einem mittleren Durchmesser von 21 nm, eine hohe Versetzungsdichte und besitzen eine feine Kornstruktur. Bestrahlungsexperimente wurden mit einer Zwei-Strahl-Ionen-Quelle mit Eisen 2.5 MeV Fe+/31 dpa und Helium 350 keV He+/18 appm/dpa durchgeführt. Die Bestrahlung erzeugt atomare Defekte mit Leerstellen und Zwischengitterdefekten sowie Versetzungsschleifen. Zusätzlich zu den mikro-strukturellen Modifikationen wurde die Änderung der mechanischen Eigenschaften mit der Bestrahlung untersucht. Insbesondere im oberflächennahen Bereich führt die Ionenbestrahlung zu einer klaren Härtesteigerung. Dieses Verhalten wird mit einem synergetischen Modell zur Erzeugung atomarer Strahlendefekte und der Bildung von mit Helium gefüllten Leerstellen diskutiert

The multiferroic phase of DyFeO3_{3}:an ab--initio study

By performing accurate ab-initio density functional theory calculations, we study the role of $4f$ electrons in stabilizing the magnetic-field-induced ferroelectric state of DyFeO$_{3}$. We confirm that the ferroelectric polarization is driven by an exchange-strictive mechanism, working between adjacent spin-polarized Fe and Dy layers, as suggested by Y. Tokunaga [Phys. Rev. Lett, \textbf{101}, 097205 (2008)]. A careful electronic structure analysis suggests that coupling between Dy and Fe spin sublattices is mediated by Dy-$d$ and O-$2p$ hybridization. Our results are robust with respect to the different computational schemes used for $d$ and $f$ localized states, such as the DFT+$U$ method, the Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof (HSE) hybrid functional and the GW approach. Our findings indicate that the interaction between the $f$ and $d$ sublattice might be used to tailor ferroelectric and magnetic properties of multiferroic compounds.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures-Revised versio