Graph structure learning-based multivariate time series anomaly detection in Internet of Things for human-centric consumer applications

As the Internet of Things system becomes more popular and ubiquitous, it has also gradually entered the consumer electronics field. For example, smart home systems have numerous sensors that monitor the environment and interact with the Internet to provide smart services. A large amount of multivariate time series data generated using sensors can provide services for consumers and identify faulty systems through multivariate time series anomaly detection (MTSAD), which is crucial for maintaining system stability. However, representing the complex relationships among multivariate time series is challenging. Recently, graph neural networks and graph structure learning, which can excellently learn complex time series relationships, have been applied to multivariate time series. However, existing research on graph structure learning only constructs k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN) graphs based on the pair-wise similarity between time series. This generates a quadratic cost and only considers partial relationships among sensors. Accordingly, we propose a lightweight graph structure learning-based multivariate time series anomaly detection (GSLAD), which exploits full graph parameterization to learn the graph structure without pairwise similarity to overcome the quadratic cost and the limited neighbor relationship. GSLAD exploits diffusion convolutional recurrent neural network (DCRNN) to extract temporal and spatial features. The results from the extensive simulations performed on four public real-world datasets demonstrate that the F1 score improved by an average of 5% with less training time compared to existing state-of-the-art methods

Structures of p53/BCL-2 complex suggest a mechanism for p53 to antagonize BCL-2 activity

Abstract Mitochondrial apoptosis is strictly controlled by BCL-2 family proteins through a subtle network of protein interactions. The tumor suppressor protein p53 triggers transcription-independent apoptosis through direct interactions with BCL-2 family proteins, but the molecular mechanism is not well understood. In this study, we present three crystal structures of p53-DBD in complex with the anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2 at resolutions of 2.3–2.7 Å. The structures show that two loops of p53-DBD penetrate directly into the BH3-binding pocket of BCL-2. Structure-based mutations at the interface impair the p53/BCL-2 interaction. Specifically, the binding sites for p53 and the pro-apoptotic protein Bax in the BCL-2 pocket are mostly identical. In addition, formation of the p53/BCL-2 complex is negatively correlated with the formation of BCL-2 complexes with pro-apoptotic BCL-2 family members. Defects in the p53/BCL-2 interaction attenuate p53-mediated cell apoptosis. Overall, our study provides a structural basis for the interaction between p53 and BCL-2, and suggests a molecular mechanism by which p53 regulates transcription-independent apoptosis by antagonizing the interaction of BCL-2 with pro-apoptotic BCL-2 family members

p53 promotes peroxisomal fatty acid beta-oxidation to repress purine biosynthesis and mediate tumor suppression

The metabolic pathways through which p53 functions as a potent tumor suppressor are incompletely understood. Here we report that, by associating with the Vitamin D receptor (VDR), p53 induces numerous genes encoding enzymes for peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO). This leads to increased cytosolic acetyl-CoA levels and acetylation of the enzyme 5-Aminoimidazole-4-Carboxamide Ribonucleotide Formyltransferase/IMP Cyclohydrolase (ATIC), which catalyzes the last two steps in the purine biosynthetic pathway. This acetylation step, mediated by lysine acetyltransferase 2B (KAT2B), occurs at ATIC Lys 266, dramatically inhibits ATIC activity, and inversely correlates with colorectal cancer (CRC) tumor growth in vitro and in vivo, and acetylation of ATIC is downregulated in human CRC samples. p53-deficient CRCs with high levels of ATIC is more susceptible to ATIC inhibition. Collectively, these findings link p53 to peroxisomal FAO, purine biosynthesis, and CRC pathogenesis in a manner that is regulated by the levels of ATIC acetylation

U.S. - China Trade: Opportunities and Challenges Conference

The conference’s speakers – business, legal and policy specialists from the government, academic and private sectors – discussed investment, services, market access, agriculture, textiles, intellectual property and export controls in relation to trade between the two countries. U.S. Deputy Secretary of Commerce Theodore W. Kassinger (J.D.’78) delivered the keynote address

Spatial-temporal variation and risk factor analysis of hand, foot, and mouth disease in children under 5 years old in Guangxi, China

Abstract Background Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) incidence is a critical challenge to disease control and prevention in parts of China, particularly Guangxi. However, the association between socioeconomic factors and meteorological factors on HFMD is still unclear. Methods This study applied global and local Moran’s I to examine the spatial pattern of HFMD and series analysis to explore the temporal pattern. The effects of meteorological factors and socioeconomic factors on HFMD incidence in Guangxi, China were analyzed using GeoDetector Model. Results This study collected 45,522 cases from 87 counties in Guangxi during 2015, among which 43,711 cases were children aged 0–4 years. Temporally, there were two HFMD risk peaks in 2015. One peak was in September with 7890 cases. The other appeared in May with 4687 cases of HFMD. A high-risk cluster was located in the valley areas. The tertiary industry, precipitation and second industry had more influence than other risk factors on HFMD incidence with explanatory powers of 0.24, 0.23 and 0.21, respectively. The interactive effect of any two risk factors would enhance the risk of HFMD. Conclusions This study suggests that precipitation and tertiary industry factors might have stronger effects on the HFMD incidence in Guangxi, China, compared with other factors. High-risk of HFMD was identified in the valley areas characterized by high temperature and humidity. Local government should pay more attention and strengthen public health services level in this area