Structural Influences on Participation Rates: A Canada-U.S. Comparison

In contrast to the decline in labour force participation in Canada in the 1990s, the aggregate participation rate in the United States actually rose slightly (up 0.5 percentage points between 1989 and 1997). This US experience provides a useful benchmark for the analysis of the Canadian developments. In the second article of the symposium, Irene Ip, Sheryl King and Geneviève Verdier, while recognizing that cyclical influences have contributed significantly to the decline in labour force participation in the 1990s in Canada relative to the United States, focus on supply-side factors at play in the behviour of the participation rate in the two countries. A key structural variable influencing youth labour force participation is enrolment rates. As the participation rate of students is below that of non-students, increased enrolment tends to reduce aggregate participation. Enrolment rates for teenagers increased 7 percentage points in Canada between 1989 and 1997, and 5 points in the United States; rates for youth adults increased 11 points in Canada and 7 points in the United States. As the U.S. economy enjoyed low unemployment in both 1989 and 1997, the rise in enrolment rates was related to structural factors, such as the growing recognition of the importance of education for success on the job market. Structural factors were undoubtedly at play in Canada . However, the authors suggest that the increase in enrolment rates beyond that experienced in the United States (29 per cent of the increase in enrolment rates for teens and 36 per cent for young adults) may be interpreted as a cyclical response to weak employment opportunities in Canada. The authors find composition changes in the age structure of the population account for about one percentage point of the decline in the aggregate participation rate in Canada between 1989 and 1997, as the relative importance of low-participation rate groups has increased. Based on an analysis of the factors affecting labour force participation of the major age-sex groups, the authors forecast a rise in the aggregate participation rate in Canada from 65.1 per cent in 1998 to 66.6 per cent in 2006. For the United States, the Bureau of Labor Statistics is forecasting a smaller increase, but from a higher level, to 67.6 per cent in 2006 from 67.1 per cent in 1998. The authors expect increases in labour force participation for all age-sex groups in Canada. Between 1998 and 2006, the participation rate is forecast to rise 4.6 percentage points for older men (55 and over), 3.8 points for older women, 3.7 points for prime age women, 8.9 points for teenagers, 3.5 points for young adults, and even 1.0 points for prime-aged men. The 1.5 point increase in the aggregate participation rate is much smaller than almost all the increases in the age-sex group specific rates because of the changing age structure, in particular the increasing proportion of the population in older age groups.Canada, United States, Labour Force Participation, Labor Force Participation, Participation Rate, Labour Force Participation Rate, Labor Force Participation Rate, Age Structure, Age, Sex, Gender, Aging, Ageing

Groupe de géographie sociale et d’études urbaines – GGSEU

Alain Musset, Marie-Vic Ozouf-Marignier, directeurs d’étudesAlice Ingold, maître de conférencesGeneviève Tranchand, maître de conférences des UniversitésBernard André, Annie Sevin, ingénieurs d’étudesSophie Clément, Annick Tanter-Toubon, ingénieurs de rechercheNicolas Verdier, chargé de recherche au CNRS Le territoire dans la pratique et les sciences sociales : moments, sources et méthodes Entre usages historiques et usages géographiques de la mémoire, qu’il met en parallèle, Nicolas Verdier ..

Groupe de géographie sociale et d’études urbaines – GGSEU

Alain Musset, Marie-Vic Ozouf-Marignier, directeurs d’étudesAlice Ingold, maître de conférencesGeneviève Tranchand, maître de conférences des UniversitésBernard André, Annie Sevin, ingénieurs d’étudesSophie Clément, Annick Tanter-Toubon, ingénieurs de rechercheNicolas Verdier, chargé de recherche au CNRS Le territoire dans la pratique et les sciences sociales : moments, sources et méthodes Entre usages historiques et usages géographiques de la mémoire, qu’il met en parallèle, Nicolas Verdier ..

Groupe de géographie sociale et d’études urbaines – GGSEU

Alain Musset, Marie-Vic Ozouf-Marignier et Marcel Roncayolo, directeurs d’étudesAlice Ingold, maître de conférencesGeneviève Tranchand, maître de conférences des UniversitésBernard André et Annie Sevin, ingénieurs d’étudesSophie Clément et Annick Tanter-Toubon, ingénieurs de rechercheNicolas Verdier, chargé de recherche au CNRS Le territoire dans la pratique et les sciences sociales : moments, sources et méthode Renouvelant les études de cas qui permettent la confrontation de sujets inscrits ..

Groupe de géographie sociale et d’études urbaines – GGSEU

Alain Musset, Marie-Vic Ozouf-Marignier et Marcel Roncayolo, directeurs d’étudesAlice Ingold, maître de conférencesGeneviève Tranchand, maître de conférences des universitésBernard André et Annie Sevin, ingénieurs d’étudesSophie Clément et Annick Tanter-Toubon, ingénieurs de rechercheNicolas Verdier, chargé de recherche au CNRS Le territoire dans la pratique et les sciences sociales : moments, sources et méthode Renouvelant les études de cas qui permettent la confrontation de sujets inscrits ..

Assessment of Executive Functions in Children and Adolescents with acquired brain injury (ABI) using a novel complex multi-tasking computerized task – the Jansari assessment of Executive Functions for Children (JEF-C©)

Objectives: The Jansari assessment of Executive Functions for Children (JEF-C©) is a new non-immersive computerized assessment of executive functions. The objectives of the study were to test the feasibility and validity of JEF-C© in children and adolescents with acquired brain injury (ABI). Methods: Twenty-nine patients with ABI aged 10-18 years and 30 age-and gender-matched controls were tested. Participants performed JEF-C©, Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI) and the Behavioral Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome for Children (BADS-C), while parents completed the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) questionnaire. Results: JEF-C© task proved feasible in patients with ABI. The internal consistency was medium (Cronbach's alpha =0.62 and significant inter-correlations between individual JEF-C© constructs). Patients performed significantly worse than controls on most of the JEF-C© subscales and total score, with 41.4 % of participants with ABI classified as having severe executive dysfunction. No significant correlations were found between JEF-C© total score, the BRIEF indices and the BADS-C. Significant correlations were found between JEF-C© and demographic characteristics of the sample and intellectual ability, but not with severity/medical variables. Conclusion: JEF-C© is a playful complex task that appears to be a sensitive and ecologically valid assessment tool, especially for relatively high-functioning individuals

Bernard Aymable Dupuy et la maîtrise de Saint-Sernin de Toulouse au XVIIIe siècle

Verdier Geneviève. Bernard Aymable Dupuy et la maîtrise de Saint-Sernin de Toulouse au XVIIIe siècle. In: École pratique des hautes études. 4e section, Sciences historiques et philologiques. Positions de thèses d'École de l'année 1978-1979 et positions de thèses de IIIe cycle. 1982. pp. 48-51

Mother, Can I Trust the Government? Sustained Financial Deepening

Only a minority of countries have succeeded in establishing a developed financial system, despite widespread financial liberalization. Confronted with this finding, the political institutions view claims that sustained financial deepening is most likely to take place in institutional environments where governments effectively impose constraints on their own powers in order to create trust. This paper identifies over 200 post-1960 episodes of accelerations in financial development in a large cross-section of countries. We find that the likelihood of an acceleration leading to sustained financial development increases greatly in environments that have high-quality political institutions.Credit expansion;Development;Economic growth;Financial systems;Governance;financial liberalization, financial deepening, financial sector development, financial system, financial sector, financial reforms, credit booms, bank supervision, financial crises, financial crisis, financial markets, stock market development, banking crises, financial repression, credit boom, stock market, financial institutions, financial reform, financial economics, international financial statistics, competitiveness, financial fragility, financial booms, financial dependence, financial resources, banking crisis, bank regulation, banking supervision, international finance, financial sector performance, financial cycles, financial services

Inequality and growth: Some welfare calculations

The main lotteries individuals face during their lifetime are country and family of birth. How much consumption growth would a newborn sacrifice to avoid these lotteries? We find that he may be willing to sacrifice a large fraction, if not all, to avoid them. Critical elements for the results are time discounting and risk aversion. Both reduce the effect of growth on welfare while risk aversion increases the benefits of more equal outcomes. Another key factor is the staggering size of risk at birth. Our calculations suggest a research agenda that treats growth and inequality as priorities.

A real model of transitional growth and competitiveness in China

We present a stylized real model of the Chinese economy with the objective of explaining two features: (1) domestic production is highly competitive in the sense that an accumulation of capital that raises the marginal product of labor elicits increases in employment and output rather than only in wages; and (2) even though the domestic saving rate is high, foreign direct investment is also substantial. We explain these features in terms of a conventional neoclassical growth model—with no monetary or nominal exchange rate policy—by including two aspects of the economy explicitly in the model: (1) low production wages are sustained by a large reserve army of rural labor which drives internal migration, and (2) domestic capital is distinct from importable capital and complementary with it in production. The results suggest that underlying real phenomena are important in explaining recent history; while nominal renmimbi appreciation may dampen price and wage increases, it would probably not change the real factors that have sustained rapid growth