Экспериментальные исследования по изучению эффективности действия препарата «Тарзан, ВЭ» на представителей Blattoptera

The purpose of the research is studying the efficacy of "Tarzan, VE" against representatives of the Blattoptera order, Blattella germanica.Materials and methods. Experimental studies to study the efficacy of "Tarzan, VE" on representatives of the Blattoptera order were performed for two weeks at the premises of the Skryabin MVA (Moscow) and the KemSMU (Kemerovo). The study object was the red German cockroach B. germanica, a laboratory culture of which was grown in the MVA insectarium. Experiments 1 and 2 consisted of three tests of three sets each: a test to study the efficacy of the drug against cockroaches by the topical application; and a test to study the efficacy of "Tarzan, VE" against cockroaches by the forced exposure of arthropods to test surfaces, namely, plywood or glass previously treated with the drug in different concentrations. Dead insects were counted after a day.Results and discussion. We established the efficacy of "Tarzan, VE" in the form of an active substance in different dilutions against cockroaches B. germanica of both sexes using the topical application. Its efficiency decreases to 97% when diluted 1000 times (0.001N). With forced exposure to treated test surface (plywood), the efficacy of “Tarzan, VE” depended on the substance diluted: 90% at 0.01N, 83.3% at 0.005N, and 50% at 0.001N. The maximum effect of "Tarzan, VE" was observed when using the method of forced exposure of cockroaches to the treated test surface, glass. The efficacy of the drug in this case was 100% regardless of the sex and development stage of cockroaches. It was found that different concentrations of the insecticide had a toxic effect on the imago of both sexes and larval stages of cockroach development. The insecticidal nature of the drug is ensured by the use of zeta-cypermethrin as an active ingredient. "Tarzan, VE" insecticide can be recommended to control and prevent the distribution of B. germanica. Цель исследований: изучить эффективность действия препарата «Тарзан, ВЭ» на представителей отряда Таракановых (Blattoptera) – Blattella germanica.Материалы и методы. Экспериментальные исследования по изучению эффективности действия препарата «Тарзан, ВЭ» на представителей отряда Таракановых (Blattoptera) проводили в течение двух недель на базе МВА имени К. И. Скрябина (г. Москва) и на базе КемГМУ (г. Кемерово). В качестве объекта был взят рыжий таракан прусак B. germanica, лабораторная культура которого была выращена в инсектарии МВА. Эксперименты № 1 и 2 состояли из трех опытов по три серии в каждом: опыт по изучению эффективности препарата в отношении тараканов методом топикального нанесения; опыт по изучению эффективности препарата «Тарзан, ВЭ» на тараканов методом принудительных контактов членистоногих с тест-поверхностями – фанерой и стеклом, предварительно обработанных препаратом в разной концентрации. Учет гибели насекомых проводили по истечении суток.Результаты и обсуждение. Установлена эффективность использования «Тарзана, ВЭ» в виде субстанции разной степени разведения против тараканов B. germanica обоего пола при использовании метода топикального нанесения. Эффективность его снижается до 97% при разведении в 1000 раз (0,001N). При принудительном контакте с обработанной тест-поверхностью (фанерой) эффективность «Тарзана, ВЭ» зависела от разведения субстанции: 0,01N – 90%, 0,005N – 83,3, 0,001N – 50%. Максимальный эффект «Тарзана, ВЭ» наблюдали при использовании метода принудительного контакта тараканов с обработанной тест-поверхностью - стеклом. Эффективность препарата в этом случае составила 100% независимо от пола и стадии развития тараканов. Установлено, что разные концентрации инсектицида оказывают токсическое действие на имаго обоего пола и ларвальные стадии развития тараканов. Инсектицидность препарата обеспечивается использованием в качестве действующего вещества зета-циперметрина. Инсектицид «Тарзан, ВЭ» можно рекомендовать для борьбы с B. germanica и профилактики их распространения

Highly-Sensitive Thin Film THz Detector Based on Edge Metal-Semiconductor-Metal Junction

Terahertz (THz) detectors have been extensively studied for various applications such as security, wireless communication, and medical imaging. In case of metal-insulator-metal (MIM) tunnel junction THz detector, a small junction area is desirable because the detector response time can be shortened by reducing it. An edge metal-semiconductor-metal (EMSM) junction has been developed with a small junction area controlled precisely by the thicknesses of metal and semiconductor films. The voltage response of the EMSM THz detector shows the clear dependence on the polarization angle of incident THz wave and the responsivity is found to be very high (similar to 2,169 V/W) at 0.4 THz without any antenna and signal amplifier. The EMSM junction structure can be a new and efficient way of fabricating the nonlinear device THz detector with high cut-off frequency relying on extremely small junction area

Cultural Antigen in the Technology for Anti-Rabies Immunoglobulin Obtainment from Equine Blood Serum

week after immunization (specific activity is identified using neutralization reaction on the model of white mice and dot-blot immunoassay). This level of activity is sufficient for the fractioning of immune serum and extraction of anti-rabies immunoglobulin. Physicochemical and biological properties of the anti-rabies immunoglobulin, obtained with the help of cultural antigen technique, meet the requirements stated in the normative documentation on anti-rabies immunoglobulins extracted from equine blood serum. Specific activity level of experimental batches of anti-rabies immunoglobulin, obtained with the help of cultural technologies, corresponds to 242 and 214 IU/ml

A comparison of the radiosensitisation ability of 22 different element metal oxide nanoparticles using clinical megavoltage X-rays

Background: A wide range of nanoparticles (NPs), composed of different elements and their compounds, are being developed by several groups as possible radiosensitisers, with some already in clinical trials. However, no systematic experimental survey of the clinical X-ray radiosensitising potential of different element nanoparticles has been made. Here, we directly compare the irradiation-induced (10 Gy of 6-MV X-ray photon) production of hydroxyl radicals, superoxide anion radicals and singlet oxygen in aqueous solutions of the following metal oxide nanoparticles: Al2O3, SiO2, Sc2O3, TiO2, V2O5, Cr2O3, MnO2, Fe3O4, CoO, NiO, CuO, ZnO, ZrO2, MoO3, Nd2O3, Sm2O3, Eu2O3, Gd2O3, Tb4O7, Dy2O3, Er2O3 and HfO2. We also examine DNA damage due to these NPs in unirradiated and irradiated conditions. Results: Without any X-rays, several NPs produced more radicals than water alone. Thus, V2O5 NPs produced around 5-times more hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radicals. MnO2 NPs produced around 10-times more superoxide anions and Tb4O7 produced around 3-times more singlet oxygen. Lanthanides produce fewer hydroxyl radicals than water. Following irradiation, V2O5 NPs produced nearly 10-times more hydroxyl radicals than water. Changes in radical concentrations were determined by subtracting unirradiated values from irradiated values. These were then compared with irradiation-induced changes in water only. Irradiation-specific increases in hydroxyl radical were seen with most NPs, but these were only significantly above the values of water for V2O5, while the Lanthanides showed irradiation-specific decreases in hydroxyl radical, compared to water. Only TiO2 showed a trend of irradiation-specific increase in superoxides, while V2O5, MnO2, CoO, CuO, MoO3 and Tb4O7 all demonstrated significant irradiation-specific decreases in superoxide, compared to water. No irradiation-specific increases in singlet oxygen were seen, but V2O5, NiO, CuO, MoO3 and the lanthanides demonstrated irradiation-specific decreases in singlet oxygen, compared to water. MoO3 and CuO produced DNA damage in the absence of radiation, while the highest irradiation-specific DNA damage was observed with CuO. In contrast, MnO2, Fe3O4 and CoO were slightly protective against irradiation-induced DNA damage. Conclusions: Beyond identifying promising metal oxide NP radiosensitisers and radioprotectors, our broad comparisons reveal unexpected differences that suggest the surface chemistry of NP radiosensitisers is an important criterion for their success

Hyperandrogenism as a side effect of anticonvulsants

Aim: confirm the connection between hyperandrogenism and side effects of antiepileptic drugs in women. Materials andMethods. Body weight, the menstrual cycle periodicity and the blood concentration of dihydrotestosterone were monitored in 278 women taking various antiepileptic drugs (valproic  acid, carbamazepine, lamotrigine, topiramate, and levetiracetam). The measurements were made at 3, 6, and 12 month after the treatment began.Results. Among women taking valproic acid for 12 months, the average weight gain was 14.4%,  and in the group of carbamazepine – 5.4%. In women taking lamotrigine and levetiracetam, the  weight gain did not exceed 1.2%. With topiramate, a decrease in the body weight by 1.4% was  found. Among women taking valproic acid, the occurrence rate of menstrual cycle disorders increased by 64.9% after 12 months of treatment. In women taking carbamazepine the  increase was 22.6%. In the other groups, this increase did not exceed 3.7%. The occurrence of  menstrual cycle disorders correlated with an increase in the level of dihydrotestosterone. In women taking valproic acid, an increase in the concentration of blood dihydrotestosterone from 256.8  pg/ml to 526.32 pg/ml was found at the time-point of 12 months. In the group taking carbamazepine, an increase in the concentration of dihydrotestosterone from 268.4 pg/ml to 354.4 pg/ml was noted. In the other groups, fluctuations in the concentration of dihydrotestosterone were insignificant.Conclusion. The body weight gain and the menstrual cycle disorders during anticonvulsant therapy are associated with hyperandrogenism

Experimental studies to study the efficacy of "Tarzan, VE" against Blattoptera representatives

The purpose of the research is studying the efficacy of "Tarzan, VE" against representatives of the Blattoptera order, Blattella germanica.Materials and methods. Experimental studies to study the efficacy of "Tarzan, VE" on representatives of the Blattoptera order were performed for two weeks at the premises of the Skryabin MVA (Moscow) and the KemSMU (Kemerovo). The study object was the red German cockroach B. germanica, a laboratory culture of which was grown in the MVA insectarium. Experiments 1 and 2 consisted of three tests of three sets each: a test to study the efficacy of the drug against cockroaches by the topical application; and a test to study the efficacy of "Tarzan, VE" against cockroaches by the forced exposure of arthropods to test surfaces, namely, plywood or glass previously treated with the drug in different concentrations. Dead insects were counted after a day.Results and discussion. We established the efficacy of "Tarzan, VE" in the form of an active substance in different dilutions against cockroaches B. germanica of both sexes using the topical application. Its efficiency decreases to 97% when diluted 1000 times (0.001N). With forced exposure to treated test surface (plywood), the efficacy of “Tarzan, VE” depended on the substance diluted: 90% at 0.01N, 83.3% at 0.005N, and 50% at 0.001N. The maximum effect of "Tarzan, VE" was observed when using the method of forced exposure of cockroaches to the treated test surface, glass. The efficacy of the drug in this case was 100% regardless of the sex and development stage of cockroaches. It was found that different concentrations of the insecticide had a toxic effect on the imago of both sexes and larval stages of cockroach development. The insecticidal nature of the drug is ensured by the use of zeta-cypermethrin as an active ingredient. "Tarzan, VE" insecticide can be recommended to control and prevent the distribution of B. germanica

CLINICAL FEATURES OF FOCAL EPILEPSY WITH SECONDARY BILATERAL SYNCHRONIZATION ON EEG AMONG ADOLESCENTS

Abstract: current work is dedicated to analysis of features of clinical and encephalographic manifestations of focal epilepsy with secondary bilateral synchronization on EEG and onset in adolescence. The other aim was comparison these findings among patients with onset in adolescents and adult patients. We analyzed data of 66 adolescent patients and 61 adult patients with focal epilepsy with secondary bilateral synchronization on EEG. All patients were investigated with prolonged videoencephalographic monitoring and MRI of the brain. Analysis of types of epileptic seizures was made too. We revealed that etiological factor of focal epilepsy with secondary bilateral synchronization on EEG could not be found in case of onset of epilepsy in adolescence in contrast to epilepsy with onset in adult age. Secondary generalized convulsive seizures with fast generalization, bilateral myoclonic seizures and dialeptic seizures were more appropriate for focal epilepsy with secondary bilateral synchronization on EEG in case of onset of epilepsy in adolescence than for epilepsy with onset in adult age. Moreover focal epilepsy with secondary bilateral synchronization on EEG in case of onset in adolescence can form phonotypical copies of idiopathic generalized forms of epilepsy