Determinants of return migration in Spain in its new role as a receiving country

Around 5% of the foreign population residing in Spain took the decision to leave this country in 2009. Spain has recently become a receiving country for migrants and the phenomenon of temporary migration is on the rise. The aim of this paper is to provide some insights into the determinants that affect the decision of foreign immigrants to return to their country of birth, once the decision to leave Spain has been taken.

Timing of migration

The purpose of this paper is to determine the optimal timing of migration from an individual point of view. In addition to the economic differences between the countries, the optimal migration age also depends on social factors, in particular, the preference for the country of birth and the migration network established in the host country. The model shows that it could be optimal to delay the departure time instead of migrating immediately.

Politics of immigration - quotas of entrance and hidden economy

In spite of the fact that in recent years there has been a growing interest for the hidden economy, little attention has been lent to its relation with the illegal immigration as a consequence of the establishment of quotas. The objective of this work is to analyze the effect of a change in the quotas of legal immigrants in the size of the legal and illegal migration, the underground economy, and in the incomes perceived by the workers. The main conclusions are that, as opposed to the short time, in the long-term equilibrium, an increment of the quota does not have effect on the size of the migration, but in the composition between legal and illegal. On the other hand diminishes the work destined to the management of the underground economy by the reduction of illegal immigrants in the stationary state, however the effect is positive in the short run by the “called effect” of illegal immigrants that carries an increment in the quota.

Effects of the Colombia Peace negotiation process on gross domestic product per capita

This article attempts to determine whether the peace negotiation process initiated in Colombia that culminated with the Peace Treaty in 2016 had a positive economic effect, using the National Gross Domestic Product per capita as a measure. We apply a synthetic control method that is appropriate for a policy evaluation. Considering the anticipated and realized effects on economic variables, our results suggest that the Peace Treaty has positively influenced gross domestic product per capita. Furthermore, this positive effect has been maintained through 2021, the last available year of data. Data to 2021 show post‐pandemic Colombia is better off when compared with a hypothetical Colombia—or synthetic Colombia—that did not begin a peace negotiation process

Illegal immigration and a heterogeneous labour force. When can quotas generate an internal conflict?

In this paper we analyze the effects on the welfare of heterogeneous native workers in the context of the presence of legal and illegal immigrants, and where the main instrument of economic policy takes the form of entry quotas. In the framework of a model of overlapping generations, we find that these effects are not monotonous. More particularly, we note that in certain circumstances the effects on the native workers of a change in the quota are opposite in nature, depending on whether or not these workers are qualified. The key aspect of this result is, on the one hand, the effect of illegal immigration on wages and, on the other, the part of income generated by the illegal immigrants that is appropriated by the natives for managing this “informal” labour market. Keywords: Illegal immigration; entry quotas; qualification. JEL: F22, J61,J68.

Politics of immigration - quotas of entrance and hidden economy

In spite of the fact that in recent years there has been a growing interest for the hidden economy, little attention has been lent to its relation with the illegal immigration as a consequence of the establishment of quotas. The objective of this work is to analyze the effect of a change in the quotas of legal immigrants in the size of the legal and illegal migration, the underground economy, and in the incomes perceived by the workers. The main conclusions are that, as opposed to the short time, in the long-term equilibrium, an increment of the quota does not have effect on the size of the migration, but in the composition between legal and illegal. On the other hand diminishes the work destined to the management of the underground economy by the reduction of illegal immigrants in the stationary state, however the effect is positive in the short run by the "called effect” of illegal immigrants that carries an increment in the quota

Illegal immigration and a heterogeneous labour force. When can quotas generate an internal conflict?

In this paper we analyze the effects on the welfare of heterogeneous native workers in the context of the presence of legal and illegal immigrants, and where the main instrument of economic policy takes the form of entry quotas. In the framework of a model of overlapping generations, we find that these effects are not monotonous. More particularly, we note that in certain circumstances the effects on the native workers of a change in the quota are opposite in nature, depending on whether or not these workers are qualified. The key aspect of this result is, on the one hand, the effect of illegal immigration on wages and, on the other, the part of income generated by the illegal immigrants that is appropriated by the natives for managing this “informal” labour market. Keywords: Illegal immigration; entry quotas; qualification. JEL: F22, J61,J68

Labour market outcomes in the Roma population of Spain

The aim of this paper is to identify the drivers of labor market outcomes for the Spanish Roma population. Our analysis reveals that discrimination and education have an influence on the labor market outcomes of this ethnic group, and social networks also play a key role, via ethnic and cross-ethnic social contacts and family background. Discrimination and family background have a significant effect on unemployment rates of this population, while education and ethnic social contacts have an important influence on the levels of self-employment

Labour market outcomes in the Roma population of Spain

The aim of this paper is to identify the drivers of labor market outcomes for the Spanish Roma population. Our analysis reveals that discrimination and education have an influence on the labor market outcomes of this ethnic group, and social networks also play a key role, via ethnic and cross-ethnic social contacts and family background. Discrimination and family background have a significant effect on unemployment rates of this population, while education and ethnic social contacts have an important influence on the levels of self-employment

Interregional migration and thresholds: evidence in Spain

The aim of this paper is to analyze the effects of labor market conditions in the origin and the destination on interregional migration in Spain, over the period 1988-2010. A basic theoretical framework is developed and the implications of the model suggest that the effect of labor market conditions on migration can vary, depending on a certain threshold. In a second step, the implications of the model are tested with Spanish data, using a new approach based on the presence of thresholds. We show that interregional migration can be explained by labor market fundamentals if the expected wage gap between the origin and the destination is below an endogenously determinate value