How long does it take to admit that you do not know? Gender differences in response time to political knowledge questions

[Abstract]: The implications of the persistent gender gap in political knowledge are a puzzle that the literature is still disentangling; and research has evidenced important differences in the way women and men respond to survey questions. We argue in this article that political knowledge survey items not only inform about differences in cognition but also about other latent traits related to gender stereotyping. Gender stereo-types around political knowledge push men to be knowledgeable but not so much women, which we expect to affect men and women's survey responses differently. To test this expectation, we explore response times of do not know answers to political knowledge items. Our results show that men, particu-larly those who declare being interested in politics, take longer than women to admit that they do not know the answer to political knowledge items.Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation(Spanish Government); CSO2012-32009Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Spanish Government); PID2020115568RB-I0

The role of language skills and foreign country experiences in the development of European identity: Results from a cross-cultural youth research project

Starting from the idea of a 'People's Europe' the paper examines language skills and foreign country experiences among young men and women from selected European cities. Data from the research project 'Youth and European Identity' show significant differences with regard to the average number of languages mastered and the frequency of stays abroad. The statistical findings indicate that the more languages an individual is able to speak, and the more foreign country experiences he or she has, the stronger is his or her identification with Europe. Hence, the analyses support a basic assumption of the European Union's education policy: promoting a sense of European-ness by fostering foreign language learning and encouraging personal contacts beyond national borders. On the other hand, language skills and foreign country experiences are not independent of an individual's value preferences. Rather, capabilities and experiences tend to go together with a general orientation towards values of 'Openness to Change'.Depto. de Antropología Social y Psicología SocialFac. de Ciencias Políticas y SociologíaTRUEpu

<b>Supplemental Material -</b> Priming or learning? The influence of pension policy information on individual preferences in Germany, Spain and the United States

Supplemental Material for Priming or learning? The influence of pension policy information on individual preferences in Germany, Spain and the United States by Juan J Fernandez, Gema Garcia-Albacete, Antonio M Jaime-Castillo, Jonas Radl in Journal of European Social Policy.</p