206 research outputs found

    Architectural optimisation for microelectronic packaging

    No full text
    International audienceThe aim of this paper is to provide a methodical approach for architectural optimization of power microelectronic devices. Because critical parameters of electronic devices are linked with reliability, architectural optimisation, selection of the geometrical parameters of device and optimization of these parameters by iteration method associated by numerical analysis of reliability have to be achieved. In this way, this paper discusses about a methodical and numerical approach for the optimization of reliability in electronic devices, in particular the influence of geometrical parameters on the device reliability

    Elaboration and Properties of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Copper Matrix Composites

    Get PDF
    International audienceCarbon fibres reinforced copper matrix composites (Cu/C composites) offer an excellentthermal conductivity and a low coefficient of thermal expansion. Then, these composites arecompromising heat dissipation materials for electronic application.The modern electronic devices consist of a variety of metallic, ceramic, plastic or compositecomponents. The large difference of coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) between ceramicsubstrates, such as Al2O3 and AlN, and heat dissipation materials, such as Cu and Al, and Siand GaAs semiconductors, induces thermal stresses resulting in failures at the interfacesbetween the different layers of the devices (fig. 1). In high power dissipation packages,thermal management is an important issue to prevent thermal damage of sensitivecomponents on the silicon ship, especially for high density electronic packaging. Thermalmanagement is thus one of the critical aspects in design of multichip modules to ensurereliability of electronic devices with high packing and power densities. In this context, thereis an increasing demand of new heat dissipation materials having low CTE combined withhigh thermal conductivity, such as Cu/C composites

    A MACROSCOPIC MODEL OF THE THERMO-CHEMO-MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR OF MIXED IONIC AND ELECTRONIC CONDUCTORS

    No full text
    International audienceThis paper suggests a macroscopic model describing the thermo-chemo-mechanical behaviour of ceramic dense membrane for oxygen separation application. This work takes in account to oxygen permeation and strain induced by stoichiometry variation with working conditions. This model, developed within the traditional framework of phenomenological approach, is based on the assumption of strain partitions and requires only three state variables: oxygen activity, temperature and total strain. Oxygen bulk diffusion and surface exchanges are described thanks to the thermodynamic approach developed by Onsager. While many works focused on semi-permeation induced strain, the proposed model also includes the temperature effect on chemical expansion. Strains predicted by the proposed model are validated thanks to experimental test on La0.8Sr0.2Fe0.7Ga0.3O3-ÎŽ. Implemented in F.E.A code Abaqus, this model permits studying the design and the process management effects such as chemical shocks on the membrane reliability

    MODELISATION DU TRANSPORT DE L'OXYGENE A TRAVERS UN OXYDE CONDUCTEUR MIXTE

    No full text
    National audienceLa production actuelle d'oxygĂšne pure est rĂ©alisĂ©e essentiellement par cryogĂ©nie (-180 °C). Or de nombreux procĂ©dĂ©s industriels, comme le reformage du mĂ©thane, utilisent ce gaz Ă  haute tempĂ©rature (entre 650 et 1000 °C suivant le procĂ©dĂ©). Il en rĂ©sulte une perte Ă©nergĂ©tique importante. Une des solutions envisagĂ©es est la sĂ©paration de l'oxygĂšne contenu dans l'air Ă  haute tempĂ©rature via une membrane cĂ©ramique dense prĂ©sentant des propriĂ©tĂ©s de conduction mixte. Ces membranes ont une structure pĂ©rovskite sous-stoechiomĂ©trique, qui induit la formation de lacune d'oxygĂšne favorisant une conduction ionique d'oxygĂšne. De plus, la structure pĂ©rovskite implique un nombre important de cations favorisant une conduction Ă©lectrique. À haute tempĂ©rature, lorsque la membrane est soumise Ă  un gradient de pression partielle d'oxygĂšne, les anions d'oxygĂšne diffusent Ă  travers celle-ci. Les Ă©lectrons diffusent dans le sens opposĂ©, afin d'assurer l'Ă©lectroneutralitĂ©. Cela est dĂ» Ă  la propriĂ©tĂ© de semi-permĂ©ation de l'oxygĂšne qui correspond Ă  l'ensemble des mĂ©canismes de transport Ă  travers la membrane (en surface et en volume). La structure cristalline n'est toutefois pas modifiĂ©e par cette migration d'espĂšces. Pour la majoritĂ© des conducteurs mixtes, la semi-permĂ©ation induit des dĂ©formations dites chimiques du mĂȘme ordre de grandeur que la dilatation thermique. Ainsi pour Ă©valuer les contraintes que subit la membrane au sein d'un rĂ©acteur en fonctionnement, un modĂšle thermo-chimio-mĂ©canique contenant une modĂ©lisation complĂšte de la semi-permĂ©ation est indispensable. AprĂšs avoir dĂ©crit les phĂ©nomĂšnes de la semi-permĂ©ation mis en jeu, plusieurs modĂšles d'Ă©changes ioniques en surfaces seront Ă©tudiĂ©s. Finalement, un nouveau modĂšle sera proposĂ©

    Etude et modĂ©lisation du comportement thermo‐chimio-­mĂ©canique des oxydes conducteurs mixtes

    No full text
    National audienceLa sĂ©paration de l'oxygĂšne de l'air est couramment rĂ©alisĂ©e par distillation cryogĂ©nique. Depuis un peu plus de 30 ans, les oxydes conducteurs mixtes semblent constituer une alternative intĂ©ressante pour la production d'oxygĂšne ultra pur. L'oxygĂšne est sĂ©parĂ© de l'air, Ă  haute tempĂ©rature, par conduction ionique Ă  travers une membrane cĂ©ramique dense. Tous les procĂ©dĂ©s nĂ©cessitant de l'oxygĂšne (oxycombustion, mĂ©tallurgie, domaine mĂ©dical, ...) sont des applications possibles de cette technologie. Les conducteurs mixtes sont des matĂ©riaux cĂ©ramiques dans lesquels deux espĂšces chimiques se dĂ©placent : une espĂšce ionique et une espĂšce Ă©lectronique. Le rapport des conductivitĂ©s Ă©lectroniques et ioniques est tel que la neutralitĂ© Ă©lectrique est conservĂ©e. Cette propriĂ©tĂ© est obtenue par dopage d'une cĂ©ramique (le plus souvent de structure perovskite) qui gĂ©nĂšre la prĂ©sence de dĂ©fauts, notamment des lacunes d'oxygĂšne. Le composĂ© est alors qualifiĂ© de sous-stƓchiomĂ©trique en oxygĂšne. Les Ă©carts Ă  la stƓchiomĂ©trie sont fonction de l'oxyde de dĂ©part, de la tempĂ©rature et de l'activitĂ© chimique des composĂ©s. En service, la fluctuation de la stoĂ©chiomĂ©trie, rĂ©sultant du chargement thermique et du flux des ions oxygĂšne Ă  travers la membrane, occasionne des dĂ©formations du rĂ©seau cristallin qui se traduisent macroscopiquement par une dĂ©formation de la membrane et une modification (faible) des propriĂ©tĂ©s mĂ©caniques. Afin de confirmer le rĂŽle de ces dĂ©formations dites "chimiques" dans la rupture des membranes et d'Ă©tudier l'influence de paramĂštres telles que la gĂ©omĂ©trie (scellement cĂ©ramique/mĂ©tal) ou les conditions opĂ©ratoires, un modĂšle macroscopique du comportement thermo-chimio-mĂ©canique de ces cĂ©ramiques a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ© et implĂ©mentĂ© dans le logiciel Abaqus. La modĂ©lisation est relativement complĂšte, tant du point de vue du comportement de la membrane que des sollicitations : la dĂ©formation chimique est prise en compte par l'intermĂ©diaire d'un comportement thermomĂ©canique dĂ©diĂ© ; le transport ionique de l'oxygĂšne est Ă©galement reproduit via une loi de transport dĂ©diĂ©e, en lien avec l'Ă©volution du champ de tempĂ©rature. La simulation d'essais de dilatomĂ©trie sous diffĂ©rentes atmosphĂšres contrĂŽlĂ©es permet d'illustrer les capacitĂ©s actuelles du modĂšle ainsi que ses limites. Enfin, ce modĂšle a permis de simuler les diffĂ©rentes phases de fonctionnement d'un rĂ©acteur pilote, dĂ©veloppĂ© par Air Liquide. Les prĂ©visions obtenues sont pertinentes et mettent en lumiĂšre l'origine de certaines des difficultĂ©s actuelles de transfert de la technologie Ă  l'Ă©chelle industrielle

    Oxygen permeation, thermal and chemical expansion of (La, Sr)(Fe, Ga)O3−ή perovskite membranes

    No full text
    International audienceDense ceramic membranes made from mixed conductors are interesting because of their potential applications formethane conversion into syngas (H2 and CO mixture). Such membranes need to present a low differential dimensional variation between the opposite faces submitted to a large gradient of oxygen partial pressure, in order to minimize mechanical stresses generated through the membrane thickness. Besides, high oxygen permeability is required for high methane reforming rate. La(1−x)SrxFe(1−y)GayO3−ή materials fulfil these two main requirements and were retained as membranes in catalytic membrane reactors (CMR). The variations of expansion and oxygen permeation of La(1−x)SrxFe(1−y)GayO3−ή perovskite materials with the partial substitution of lanthanum and iron cations, temperature and oxygen partial pressure, were studied. For low temperatures (800 ◩C), TEC, then dimensional stability of the membrane, and oxygen permeation of La(1−x)SrxFe(1−y)GayO3−ή materials, are significantly affected by Sr content and oxygen partial pressure. Ga has a stabilisation effect on the TEC and has no influence on oxygen permeation flux. A good compromise between dimensional stability and oxygen permeation of materials was found to be La0.7Sr0.3Fe0.7Ga0.3O3−ή compositio

    Influence of irradiation parameters on the polymerization of ceramic reactive suspensions for stereolithography

    Get PDF
    Stereolithography is an additive manufacturing process which makes it possible to fabricate useful complex 3D ceramic parts, with a high dimensional resolution and a good surface finish. Stereolithography is based on the selective UV polymerization of a reactive system consisting in a dispersion of ceramic particles in a curable monomer/oligomer resin. In order to reach a homogeneous polymerization in the green part, and to limit the risk of cracking and/or deformation during subsequent stages of debinding and sintering due to internal stresses, the influence of various fabrication parameters (laser power, scanning speed, number of irradiations) on the degree of polymerization was investigated. In addition, the impact of the irradiation of the subsequent upper layers onto the previously deposited and irradiated layers was evaluated. The degree of conversion was determined by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Raman spectroscopy was also used and a brief comparison between these two methods is given

    High permittivity processed SrTiO3 for metamaterials applications at terahertz frequencies

    Get PDF
    High permittivity SrTiO3 for the realization of all-dielectric metamaterials operating at terahertz frequencies was fabricated. A comparison of different processing methods demonstrates that Spark Plasma Sintering is the most effective sintering process to yield high density ceramic with high permittivity. We compare this sintering process with two other processes. The fabricated samples are characterized in the low frequency and in the terahertz frequency ranges. Their relative permittivities are compared with that of a reference SrTiO3 single crystal. The permittivity of the sample fabricated by Spark Plasma Sintering is as high as that of the single crystal. The role of the signal-to-noise ratio in the measurements at terahertz frequency is detailed

    Séminaire invité : Oxygen transport mechanisms through mixed conductors, JSPS projet

    No full text
    International audienc
    • 

    corecore