Sezonska ı vremenska dıstrıbucıja nekıh polutanata u severo-ıstočnım delu Crnog mora

The Black Sea coastal waters remain heavily impacted by sewage and marine activities. In this study, temporal and spatial distributions of some pollutants from marine and terrestrial activities were investigated in the water column of the southeastern Black Sea between November 2009 and October 2010. Temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, salinity, turbidity and alkalinity levels in surface water were 9.17-27.44°C, 7.28-10.90 mg/L, 7.79-8.51, 15.43-17.68 ppt, 14.5-20.20 NTU, and 150-185 mg/L, respectively. Maximum concentration of pollutants were found to be as 18.72 mg/L total suspended solids, 14.21 µg/L phenol, 28.80 µg/L anionic detergent, 102.90 mg/L oil and grease, <5 ppb Cd, 42 ppb Fe, 16 ppb Cu, 71 ppb Zn, and 23 ppb Pb in the water samples. Based on maximum concentration levels of contaminants observed in the present study, it can be concluded that phenol, copper, oil and grease values exceeded general marine water quality criteria, defined by general sea water quality standards in Turkish Water Contamination Regulations. The results indicated that seasonal and spatial distributions of pollutants were found to be irregular and the coastal waters of south eastern Black Sea impacted from marine and terrestrial activities

The microplastic pattern in Turkish lakes: sediment and bivalve samples from Cildir Lake, Almus Dam Lake, and Kartalkaya Dam Lake

Plastic has become one of the most prominent contaminants in recent decades, posing a major environmental threat with critical implications for seafood safety. Thus, we investigated the abundance and characterization of the microplastics (MPs) in the sediment and bivalves from cildir Lake, Almus Dam Lake, and Kartalkaya Dam Lake in Turkey. The abundance of the MPs ranged from 19-156 MP kg(-1) in the sediments, while 0.75-10.0 MP individual(-1) (indiv.(-1)) in Anodonta sp., 0.16-1.00 MP indiv.(-1) in Dreissena polymorpha, 0.50-2.50 indiv.(-1) in the Unio damescensis was detected. ATR-FTIR was used to identify four distinct polymer types, with polyethylene terephthalate being the most prevalent. Fiber predominated in bivalve samples, whereas fragments in sediment and MPs were often < 500 mu m in length. Our data could serve as a foundation for a frequent monitoring routine in Turkish lakes since bivalves are one of the key vectors of MP contamination in humans

Ova kurbağası, Pelophylax ridibundus'un (Pallas, 1771) bacak tüketiminden elde edilen eser element biyobirikimi ve sağlık riski değerlendirmesi

Amphibians, which can live in aquatic and terrestrial environments, are a good indicator of pollution in these areas. Although frog leg is not consumed frequently in some cuisines, including Turkey, it is important in terms of evaluating metal accumulation since it is preferred as human food in many European countries. In this study, the quantities of trace elements (Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, As, Co, Cr, Ni, Mn, V) were measured in the edible tissues (muscles) of an amphibian species by sampling from two frog farms in Turkey. It was aimed to assess possible health hazards for humans by frog legs consumption comparing with the toxicological limit values, including provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI), target hazard quotient (THQ), and Hazard Index (HI). In general, the average values (mu g kg(-1)) of trace elements were Zn (3.437.62)> Pb (69.22)> Cu (66.72)> Mn (35.07)> As (24.24)> Cr (11.47)> Ni (6.94)> Cd (6.51)> Co (2.97)> V (<0.001). The results indicated that concentrations of the analyzed trace elements were determined below the European Commission's permitted levels and edible tissues of the marsh frog posed no carcinogenic health risk to humans

Karadeniz'de yakalanan İstavritte (Trachurus mediterraneus) mikroplastik birikiminin belirlenmesi

The marine ecosystem is prone to pollution exposure due to a number of factors. Microplastic (MP) pollution has been a severe issue recently; however, studies on marine organisms are limited. The abundance and composition of MPs in highly consumed horse mackerel caught from the Turkish coast of the Black Sea were investigated here. A total of 27 MPs were detected in 121 horse mackerel (Trachurus mediterraneus). The mean of MPs per fish was calculated as 0.22±0.14. While polyethylene was the most prevalent type, fiber, with a length range of 500 to 1000 µm (33%), was the most common form. These findings suggest that more study is required to determine the magnitude of MP contamination in the Black Sea.Denizel ortamlar, özellikle nehirlerin taşımış olduğu kirleticilere maruz kalan hassas alanlardır. Son yıllarda mikroplastik kirliliği güncel bir konu olmasına rağmen denizel organizmalar üzerine yapılan çalışmalar sınırlıdır. Bu çalışmada Karadeniz’in Türkiye kıyılarından avlanan ve yüksek oranda tüketilen istavritteki mikroplastiklerin bolluğu ve kompozisyonu araştırıldı. Analiz edilen 121 adet istavritte toplam 27 adet mikroplastik tespit edildi. Sindirilen mikroplastiklerin balık başına ortalaması 0,22±0,14 adet olarak hesaplandı. Belirlenen mikroplastiklerde en baskın şekil olarak fiber (%66) iken, boy olarak ise 500-1000 µm (%33) arasında dağılım gösterdiği saptandı. Bu sonuçlar, Karadeniz’deki MP kontaminasyonunun boyutunu değerlendirmek için daha fazla araştırmaya ihtiyaç olduğunu göstermektedi

Procena kvaliteta morske vode: efekti akvakulture i otpadnih voda iz domaćinstva

The aim of this study was to determine influence of marine fish farm and sewage on water quality in Rize coast located at southeastern Black Sea. For this purpose, water samples were taken monthly from 5 points around fish cages, 2 points effected sewage areas, a reference point without effects of fish farm and sewage,from June 2007 to April 2009. Measurements were performed according to standard methods. Data was given as min-max for coastal, fish cage and reference points, respectively. Results were for water temperature7.83-27.51, 7.79-27.41, 7.72-27.00 °C; for dissolved oxygen7.60-11.00, 7.00-11.2, 7.80-11.60 mg/L; for pH 8.04-8.43, 7.93-8.38, 7.62-8.33; for salinity16.61-18.60, 16.77-19.03, 16.78-18.97 ppt; for silicate 0.29-14.64, 0.25-16.43, 0.25-11.70µM; for orthophosphate 0.10-1.71, 0.09-1.50, 0.10-1.95 µM; for total phosphorus 0.24-3.73, 0.12-3.30, 0.10-3.52 µM; for total suspended solids 1.70-26.40, 1.00-20.40, 1.00-11,80mg/L; for chlorophyll-a 0.46-3.26, ND-3.25, 0.10-4.99 µg/L, respectively. According to the results, no significant effects of fish farm on water quality were observed in field study. Based on levels of these parameters observed in the study, it was defined that the fish farming was less effect to water quality than domestic sewage discharge.Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio procena uticaja morskih ribnjaka i otpadnih voda iz domaćinstva na kvalitet vode na obali Rize lociranoj na jugoistoku Crnog Mora. U tu svrhu je voda uzorkovana mesečno sa 5 tačaka oko kaveza sa ribama, 2 tačke sa mesta izliva otpadnih voda i jedne referentne tačke bez efekta kaveza i otpadnih voda, od juna 2007 do aprila 2009. Merenja su izvođena standardnim metodama. Podaci su prikazani kao minimum i maksimum sledećim redom: obalske tačke, kavezi sa ribama i referentna tačka. Dobijeni su sledeći rezultati: za temperaturu vode 7.83-27.51, 7.79-27.41, 7.72-27.00 °C; za rastvoreni kiseonik 7.60-11.00, 7.00-11.2, 7.80-11.60 mg/L; za pH 8.04-8.43, 7.93-8.38, 7.62-8.33; za salinitet 61-18.60, 16.77-19.03, 16.78-18.97 ppt; za silikate 0.29-14.64, 0.25-16.43, 0.25-11.70µM; za ortofosfate 0.10-1.71, 0.09-1.50, 0.10-1.95 µM; za ukupni fosfor 0.24-3.73, 0.12-3.30, 0.10-3.52 µM; za ukupne suspendovane materije 1.70-26.40, 1.00-20.40, 1.00-11,80mg/L; za hlorofil-a 0.46-3.26, ND-3.25, 0.10-4.99 µg/L, gore navedenim redom. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata nisu konstatovani značajni efekti kaveznih sistema na kvalitet vode. Na osnovu vrednosti pomenutih parametara u ovom istraživanju manje je negativnih efekata na kvalitet vode koji potiču od delatnosti uzgoja riba u odnosu na otpadne vode iz domaćinstva

Bioaccessibility of Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819) along the southeastern Black Sea coast

Gedik, Kenan/0000-0001-8244-6935WOS: 000424423100015The adverse effect of seafood consumption on human health is related to the bioaccessibility in contrast with the total heavy metal level in the tissues. in this study, bioaccessibility of Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819) edible soft tissues collected along the southern Black Sea coast were investigated using in vitro digestion model. Total Pb concentration in the tissues was found to be higher than the maximum permissible limits set by European Commission. the bioaccessibility of metals in the tissues was found to be decreased in the order: Ni (83.11%) > Cu (80.47%) > Zn (76.86%) > Cd (73.32%) > Mn (69.11%) > Pb (61.07%) > Cr (58.44%). While significant positive linear regression was observed between total and bioaccessible concentrations for Mn, Pb, and Ni, significant negative linear regression was found for Cd (p < .05). the hazard quotients (HQ) calculated using bioaccessible amount were detected lower than the limit (HQ <1), which may not pose a potential hazard to humans reported by US Environmental Protection Agency. in sum, mussel consumption from sampling sites may cause a potential risk concerning human health especially for Cd and Pb in case of increased portion sizes.Research Fund of Recep Tayyip Erdogan UniversityRecep Tayyip Erdogan University [FBA-2016-594]This work was funded by the Research Fund of Recep Tayyip Erdogan University (Project Number: FBA-2016-594)

Bioaccessibility of heavy metals in rapa whelk Rapana venosa (Valenciennes, 1846): Assessing human health risk using an in vitro digestion model

Gedik, Kenan/0000-0001-8244-6935WOS: 000419885700014Instead of total metal concentration measurements in seafood, bioaccessibility is a more important parameter for human health risk assessment. Therefore, bioaccessibility of Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the edible soft tissues of rapa whelk (Rapana venosa Valenciennes, 1846) collected along the southern Black Sea coast were investigated using an in vitro digestion model. Zn was detected at the highest concentration, whereas Ni was the lowest for total metal concentrations. Total Cd and Pb concentration in the tissues were found to be higher than maximum permissible limits set by European Commission. the bioaccessibility of metals in the tissues was found to be decreased in the order: Cu (77.11%) > Cd (70.13%) > Zn (64.52%) > Ni (61.27%) > Pb (50.53%) > Cr (43.41%) > Mn (22.59%). While significant positive linear regressions were observed between the total and bioaccessible concentrations for Mn, Pb, and Ni, significant negative linear regressions were found for Cd in the tissues (p < 0.05). the hazard quotients (HQ) calculated using bioaccessible heavy metal amount were detected lower than the limit value (HQ < 1), which may not pose a potential hazard to humans declared by US Environmental Protection Agency. However, the consumption of rapa whelk may cause a potential risk concerning human health for the Cd and Pb levels in case of increased serving sizes and portions.Recep Tayyip Erdogan UniversityRecep Tayyip Erdogan University [FBA-2016-594]; Scientific and Technological Research Council of TurkeyTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [113Y148]This work was supported by the Research Fund of Recep Tayyip Erdogan University (Project Number: FBA-2016-594). the samples used in this study were obtained from the project (CAYDAG, Project No: 113Y148) supported by Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey

Bioaccessibility of Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in Mediterranean mussel (<i>Mytilus galloprovincialis</i> Lamarck, 1819) along the southeastern Black Sea coast

<p>The adverse effect of seafood consumption on human health is related to the bioaccessibility in contrast with the total heavy metal level in the tissues. In this study, bioaccessibility of Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in Mediterranean mussel (<i>Mytilus galloprovincialis</i> Lamarck, 1819) edible soft tissues collected along the southern Black Sea coast were investigated using <i>in vitro</i> digestion model. Total Pb concentration in the tissues was found to be higher than the maximum permissible limits set by European Commission. The bioaccessibility of metals in the tissues was found to be decreased in the order: Ni (83.11%) > Cu (80.47%) > Zn (76.86%) > Cd (73.32%) > Mn (69.11%) > Pb (61.07%) > Cr (58.44%). While significant positive linear regression was observed between total and bioaccessible concentrations for Mn, Pb, and Ni, significant negative linear regression was found for Cd (<i>p</i> < .05). The hazard quotients (HQ) calculated using bioaccessible amount were detected lower than the limit (HQ <1), which may not pose a potential hazard to humans reported by US Environmental Protection Agency. In sum, mussel consumption from sampling sites may cause a potential risk concerning human health especially for Cd and Pb in case of increased portion sizes.</p

Methylmercury and mercury in Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from Turkish coast: Dietary exposure prediction

The spatial distribution of total mercury (HgT) and methylmercury (MeHg) in Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) sampled at 23 different stations along Türkiye’s Black Sea, the Marmara, and Aegean Sea coasts were investigated in this study. HgT and MeHg were determined using a direct mercury analyzer and ranged 1.10–130.70 μg/kg and 0.22–37.90 μg/kg dry weight, respectively. HgT and MeHg have been determined to have a substantial positive correlation (r2 = 0.94). According to average consumption and portion sizes, the weekly intake (EWI) for MeHg was less than the 1.6 μg/kg/week limits set by the FAO/WHO Joint Committee of Experts on Food Additives (JECFA) for both pediatric and adult consumers. The Target Risk Coefficients (THQ) were calculated to explain the potential long-term exposure scenarios. Our data showed that the excessive consumption of mussels from areas with high MeHg concentrations might pose a risk only for pediatric consumers. The determination of suitable sites for healthy-sustainable mussel production as well as the prevention of collecting mussels from illegal and polluted fields and placing them on the market, should be considered in the context of consumer health awareness

Particle size-dependent biomolecular footprints of interactive microplastics in maize

The world is dealing with the mismanaged plastic waste found even in the Arctic. The crisis is being tried to solve with the plastivor bugs or bio-plastics, and the marine pollution profiles become priority however, putative phytotoxicity on terrestrial farming have not received significant attention. Hence, morpho-physiological and molecular response in maize seedlings exposed to the most prevalent microplastic (MP) types (PP, PET, PVC, PS, PE) differing in their particle size (75-150 mm and 150 -212 mm) and combinations (PP thorn PET thorn PVC thorn PS thorn PE mix) was analyzed here for a predictive holistic model. While POD1 regulating the oxidative defense showed a slight down-regulation, HSP1 abundance quantified in the 75-150 mmMP lead a significant up-regulation particularly for PET (2.2 fold) PVC (3.3 fold), and the MP mix (6.4 fold). Biochemical imbalance detected at lower sized (75-150 mm) MPs in particular at the MP mix, involved the cell membrane instability, lesser photosynthetic pigments and a conjectural restraint in the photosynthetic capacity along with the accumulated endogenous H2O2 proved that the bigger the particle size the better the cells restore the damage under MP-caused xenobiotic stress. The determination of the impacts of MP pollution in in-vitro agricultural models might guide the development of policies in this direction and help ensure agricultural security by predicting the possible pollution damage. (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved