Whole-body glucose oxidation rate during prolonged exercise in type 1 diabetic patients under usual life conditions

Objective Fuel oxidation during exercise was studied in type 1 insulin-dependent (T1DM) patients mainly under quite constant insulin and glycemia; these protocols, however, likely do not reflect patients' usual metabolic conditions. The glucose oxidation rate (GLUox) in T1DM patients under usual life conditions was thus investigated during prolonged exercise (3-h) and its behavior was described mathematically. Materials/Methods Whole-body GLUox was determined in eight T1DM patients (4/8 M; aged 35-59 years) and eight well-matched healthy subjects. Venous blood was drawn prior to and every 30 min until the end of exercise; glycemia, insulin, cortisol, and growth hormone concentrations were determined. Oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, and ventilation were measured at rest and thereafter every 30 min of the exercise. To prevent hypoglycemia, patients were given fruit fudge (93% sucrose) prior to / during exercise. Results Insulin concentration and glycemia were significantly higher in patients across the entire exercise period (group effect, p < 0.001 for both). GLUox decreased significantly with increasing exercise duration (time effect, p < 0.001), but no significant difference was detected between the two groups (group effect, p = NS). GLUox, expressed as the percentage of the starting value, was described by an exponential function showing a time constant of 90 min (n = 96; mean corrected R2 = 0.666). Conclusions GLUox in T1DM patients was not significantly different from the rate observed in the control subjects. The function describing the time course of GLUox may be useful to correct an estimated GLUox for the duration of exercise and help T1DM patients avoiding exercise-induced glycemic imbalances

Glucose pulse. A simple method to estimate the amount of glucose oxidized during exercise in type 1 diabetic patients

In type 1 diabetic patients, exercise contributes to enhance insulin sensitivity and may help, together with diet and insulin therapy, to achieve and maintain better metabolic control. Fat and carbohydrates are the main substrates for energy production in skeletal muscle during aerobic exercise in well-fed humans, with their relative contribution to total energy production being a function of exercise intensity. Below the anaerobic threshold, both oxygen consumption and heart rate during exercise increase linearly as a function of exercise intensity. On the basis of these relationships, the aim of the present study was to verify the possibility of using heart rate to estimate the amount of glucose oxidized during exercise in type 1 diabetic patients as well as in a control group of healthy subjects. This study shows that heart rate can be a useful physiological parameter to be used to estimate the amount of glucose oxidized during exercise

Nuovi paradigmi, nuovi stili, nuove sfide educative

Il quinto volume de Le Ragioni di Erasmus comporta due sezioni tematiche. La prima sezione è dedicata alle ricadute della pandemia del Covid-19 su vari aspetti delle vite individuali e dell’organizzazione sociale, con particolare riferimento alle trasformazioni che questa crisi sanitaria ha suscitato, a tutti i livelli, nel mondo dell’educazione. Le riflessioni raccolte in questa parte del volume riguardano le problematiche dell’insegnamento a distanza (Joanna Małgorzata Łukasik, Katarzyna Jagielska, Anna Mróz, Paulina Koperna); nuovi scenari per la deontologia professionale degli educatori sociali (Michela Origlia); la pedagogia della morte (José Luis Parejo, Paula Pecharromán-Hoyos); la percezione del tempo (Vincenzo A. Piccione, Romina De Cicco); l’urgenza di un reale cambio di paradigma (Yamina Bettahar), anche sulla scorta del pensiero di alcuni grandi scrittori di rinnovata attualità (Marina Geat). La seconda sezione riunisce contributi su vari argomenti inerenti alle tematiche dell’educazione che sono oggetto di collaborazione e confronto tra il Dipartimento di Scienze della Formazione dell’Università Roma Tre e alcuni dei suoi principali partner internazionali: le applicazioni tecnologiche in educazione, con particolare riferimento alle esperienze di alcuni paesi del Nord Europa (Ossi Autio, Mart Soobik, Gisli Thorsteinsson, Brynjar Olafsson); le problematiche dell’insegnamento e della valutazione (Marília C. Cid); l’importanza della lettura dialogica nel processo di alfabetizzazione (Raúl Gutiérrez Fresneda); la preparazione dei futuri insegnanti (María Ángeles Martín del Pozo); i rischi della disaffezione e della rinuncia scolastica (Andrea Rácz, Dorottya Sik); le potenzialità della narrativa transmediatica nell’educazione a distanza (Bea Tomšič Amon).The fifth volume of Le Ragioni di Erasmus comprises two thematic sections. The first section focuses on the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on various aspects of individual lives and social organisation, with particular reference to the transformations that this health crisis has brought about at all levels in the world of education. The reflections collected in this part of the volume concern the problems of distance teaching (Joanna Małgorzata Łukasik, Katarzyna Jagielska, Anna Mróz, Paulina Koperna); new scenarios for the professional deontology of social educators (Michela Origlia); the pedagogy of death (José Luis Parejo, Paula Pecharromán-Hoyos); the perception of time (Vincenzo A. Piccione, Romina De Cicco); the urgency of a real paradigm shift (Yamina Bettahar), also on the basis of the thought of some great writers of renewed relevance (Marina Geat). The second section includes contributions on various topics related to the themes of education, which are the subject of collaboration and discussion between the Department of Education Sciences at the University of Roma Tre and some of its main international partners: technological applications in education, with particular reference to the experiences of some northern European countries (Ossi Autio, Mart Soobik, Gisli Thorsteinsson, Brynjar Olafsson); the problems of teaching and assessment (Marília C. Cid); the importance of dialogic reading in the literacy process (Raúl Gutiérrez Fresneda); the preparation of future teachers (María Ángeles Martín del Pozo); the risks of disaffection and school dropout (Andrea Rácz, Dorottya Sik); the potential of transmedia narratives in distance education (Bea Tomšič Amon)

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PREVENTING HYPOGLYCAEMIA IN A HUMAN TYPE 1 DIABETIC PATIENT DURING PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

A method for estimating the amount of carbohydrates needed by a DP-1 during a specific session of physical activity, comprises the following steps: defining of working constants and standard parameters; introducing of patient and therapy specific parameters, calculating of patient specific reference curves for a percentage carbohydrates consumption (% CHO); scheduling a training session; estimating the amount of carbohydrates (CHO) to be eaten before said physical activity; updating in real time the residual carbohydrates still available during said physical activity; and estimating the amount of carbohydrates to be restored after said physical activity

Glucose PulseA simple method to estimate the amount of glucose oxidized duringexercise in type 1 diabetic patients

Abstract This study shows that heart rate can be a useful physiological parameter to be used to estimate the amount of glucose oxidized during exercise. The correlation coefficients between heart rate and GLUox were greater than 0.95 in all volunteers, both healthy and type 1 diabetic subjects, indicating a highly significant correlation between the two variables. This relationship is the basis of the \u201cglucose pulse\u201d concept, defined as the GLUox expressed per unit of heart rate. Endurance training leads to a lower GLUox (16,17), which was also observed in the present study with a lower glucose pulse in aerobically trained patients. The relationship between the glucose pulse and the percentage of maximal theoretical heart rate is not linear. Nevertheless, if only a heart rate below 70% of maximal is considered, the following linear equations apply: trained 0.00353 0.0023 %HRmax 0.1428 0.1328 (n 23, R 0.846) and sedentary 0.00597 0.0035 %HRmax 0.1801 0.1891 (n 24, R 0.869). In nonobese type 1 diabetic individuals without autonomic neuropathy, the current equations can be used to calculate glucose oxidation during exercise based on easily measurable heart rate. From these concepts, it is possible to use simple tables matching heart rate, glucose oxidation, and dietary equivalents to be ingested, thus providing a potential clinical tool for prevention of exercise-related hypoglycemia

Fabbisogno di CHO e attivita\u2019 fisica: confronto tra CHO assunti dai runner durate 1 h di corsa e fabbisogno stimato dal sistema ECRES

9nonenoneAssaloni R.; BUOITE STELLA, ALEX; Manca E.; Tonutti L.; Zanette G.; Bordin P.; Taboga C.; Geat M.; FRANCESCATO, Maria PiaAssaloni, R.; BUOITE STELLA, Alex; Manca, E.; Tonutti, L.; Zanette, G.; Bordin, P.; Taboga, C.; Geat, M.; Francescato, Maria Pi