Role of quark-interchange processes in evolution of mesonic matter

We divide the cross section for a meson-meson reaction into three parts. The first part is for the quark-interchange process, the second for quark-antiquark annihilation processes and the third for resonant processes. Master rate equations are established to yield time dependence of fugacities of pions, rhos, kaons and vetor kaons. The equations include cross sections for inelastic scattering of pions, rhos, kaons and vector kaons. Cross sections for quark-interchange-induced reactions, that were obtained in a potential model, are parametrized for convenient use. The number densities of pion and rho (kaon and vector kaon) are altered by quark-interchange processes in equal magnitudes but opposite signs. The master rate equations combined with the hydrodynamic equations for longitudinal and transverse expansion are solved with many sets of initial meson fugacities. Quark-interchange processes are shown to be important in the contribution of the inelastic meson-meson scattering to evolution of mesonic matter.Comment: 28 pages, 1 figure, 8 table

Generation of Two-Flavor Vortex Atom Laser from a Five-State Medium

Two-flavor atom laser in a vortex state is obtained and analyzed via electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) technique in a five-level $M$ type system by using two probe lights with $\pm z$-directional orbital angular momentum $\pm l\hbar$, respectively. Together with the original transfer technique of quantum states from light to matter waves, the present result can be extended to generate continuous two-flavor vortex atom laser with non-classical atoms.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure; The previous version (v2) is a wrong one; this is the published versio

Page Curve and Phase Transition in deformed Jackiw-Teitelboim Gravity

We consider the entanglement island in a deformed Jackiw-Teitelboim black hole in the presence of the phase transition. This black hole has the van der Waals-Maxwell-like phase structure as it is coupled with a Maxwell field. We study the behavior of the Page curve of this black hole by using the island paradigm. In the fixed charge ensemble, we discuss different situations with different charges that influence the system's phase structure. There is only a Hawking-Page phase transition in the absence of charges, which leads to an unstable small black hole. Hence, the related Page curve does not exist. However, a van der Waals-Maxwell-like phase transition occurs in the presence of charges. This yields three black hole solutions. The Page curve of the middle size black hole does not exist. For the extremal black hole, the Page time approaches zero in the phase transition situation but becomes divergent without the phase transition. In a word, we study the Page curve and the island paradigm for different black hole phases and in different phase transition situations.Comment: 28 pages, 13 figures, references added, published versio

Correlated Quantum Memory: Manipulating Atomic Entanglement via Electromagnetically Induced Transparency

We propose a feasible scheme of quantum state storage and manipulation via electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in flexibly $united$ multi-ensembles of three-level atoms. For different atomic array configurations, one can properly steer the signal and the control lights to generate different forms of atomic entanglement within the framework of linear optics. These results shed new light on designing the versatile quantum memory devices by using, e.g., an atomic grid.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figur

Comparative transcriptome analysis and marker development of two closely related Primrose species (Primula poissonii and Primula wilsonii)

BACKGROUND: Primula species are important early spring garden plants with a centre of diversity and speciation in the East Himalaya-Hengduan Mountains in Western China. Studies on population genetics, speciation and phylogeny of Primula have been impeded by a lack of genomic resources. In the present study, we sequenced the transcriptomes of two closely related primrose species, Primula poissonii and Primula wilsonii, using short reads on the Illumina Genome Analyzer platform. RESULTS: We obtained 55,284 and 55,011 contigs with N50 values of 938 and 1,085 for P. poissonii and P. wilsonii, respectively, and 6,654 pairs of putative orthologs were identified between the two species. Estimations of non-synonymous/synonymous substitution rate ratios for these orthologs indicated that 877 of the pairs may be under positive selection (Ka/Ks > 0.5), and functional enrichment analysis revealed that significant proportions of the orthologs were in the categories DNA repair, stress resistance, which may provide some hints as to how the two closely related Primula species adapted differentially to extreme environments, such as habitats characterized by aridity, high altitude and high levels of ionizing radiation. It was possible for the first time to estimate the divergence time between the radiated species pair, P. poissonii and P. wilsonii; this was found to be approximately 0.90 ± 0.57 Mya, which falls between the Donau and Gunz glaciation in the Middle Pleistocene. Primers based on 54 pairs of orthologous SSR-containing sequences between the two Primula species were designed and verified. About half of these pairs successfully amplified for both species. Of the 959 single copy nuclear genes shared by four model plants (known as APVO genes), 111 single copy nuclear genes were verified as being present in both Primula species and exon-anchored and intron-spanned primers were designed for use. CONCLUSION: We characterized the transcriptomes for the two Primula species, and produced an unprecedented amount of genomic resources for these important garden plants. Evolutionary analysis of these two Primula species not only revealed a more precise divergence time, but also provided some novel insights into how differential adaptations occurred in extreme habitats. Furthermore, we developed two sets of genetic markers, single copy nuclear genes and nuclear microsatellites (EST-SSR). Both these sets of markers will facilitate studies on the genetic improvement, population genetics and phylogenetics of this rapidly adapting taxon

Technique of quantum state transfer for a double Lambda atomic beam

The transfer technique of quantum states from light to collective atomic excitations in a double $\Lambda$ type system is extended to matter waves in this paper, as a novel scheme towards making a continuous atom laser. The intensity of the output matter waves is found to be determined by the initial relative phase of the two independent coherent probe lights, which may indicate an interesting method for the measurement of initial relative phase of two independent light sources.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure

Balloon kyphoplasty as palliative care for painful pathological spinal fracture followed by lung cancer metastasis: A cohort study

BackgroundPathological spine fractures caused by metastases of lung cancer have brought great suffering to patients. Percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) has been considered a preferred alternative for painful spinal metastases. The clinical efficacy and safety of PKP for metastatic spinal lesions are urgently to be evaluated.MethodsA cohort study was conducted on 54 cases with pathologic spine fractures caused by metastasis of lung cancer. The correction of kyphosis was assessed by the Cobb angle. The life dependence and quality of the patients were evaluated by the Barthel Index of activities of daily living (ADL) and the quality-adjusted life year (QALY). Patients' survival was carefully recorded.ResultsPKP significantly corrected the kyphosis compared with conservative treatment. The ratio of moderate dependence after fracture was clearly increased by PKP. QALY indicated a better life quality brought by PKP. However, PKP could not improve the survival rate of patients.ConclusionPKP can be used as an effective palliative care treatment for patients with metastatic pathologic spinal fractures of lung cancer