Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Primary Ramification Morphological Structural Model Based on Biomass

International audiencePrimary ramification morphogenesis has a significant influence on the yield of rapeseed. In order to quantify the relationship between rapeseed architecture indices and the organ biomass, a rapeseed primary ramification structural model based on biomass were presented. Intended to explain effects of cultivars and environmental conditions on rapeseed PR morphogenesis. The outdoor experiment with cultivars: Ningyou 18 (V1, conventional), Ningyou 16 (V2, conventional) and Ningza 19 (V3, hybrid), and designed treatment of cultivar-fertilizer, cultivar-fertilizer-density, and cultivar tests in 2011–2012 and 2012–2013. The experimental result showing that the leaf blade length of PR, leaf blade width of PR, leaf blade bowstring length of PR, PR length, and PR diameter from 2011 to 2012 were goodness, and their da values and RMSE values were −1.900 cm, 5.033 cm (n = 125); −0.055 cm, 3.233 cm (n = 117); 0.274 cm, 2.810 cm (n = 87); −0.720 cm, 3.272 cm (n = 90); 0.374 cm, 0.778 cm (n = 514); 0.137 cm, 1.193 cm (n = 514); 0.806 cm, 8.990 cm (n = 145); and −0.025 cm, 0.102 cm (n = 153), respectively. The correlations between observation and simulation in the morphological indices were significant at P < 0.001, but the dap values were <5 % for the second leaves length and the third leaves length, leaf blade bowstring length, PR length, and PR diameter, which indicated that the model’s accuracy was high. The models established in this paper had definite mechanism and interpretation, and the impact factors of N, the ratio of the leaf length to leaf dry weight of primary ramification (PRRLW), and the partitioning coefficient of leaf blade dry weight of primary ramification (PRCPLB) were presented, enabled to develop a link between the plant biomass and its morphogenesis. Thus, the rapeseed growth model and the rapeseed morphological model can be combined through organ biomass, which set a reference for the establishment of FSPMs of rapeseed

Biomass-Based Leaf Curvilinear Model for Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

International audienceLeaf is one of the most important photosynthetic organs of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). To quantify relationships between the leaf curve and the corresponding leaf biomass for rapeseed on main stem, this paper presents a biomass-based leaf curvilinear model for rapeseed. Various model variables, including leaf length, bowstring length, tangential angle, and bowstring angle, were parameterized based on data derived from the field experiments with varieties, fertilizer, and transplanting densities during 2011 to 2012, and 2012 to 2013 growing seasons. And then we analysed the biological significance of curvilinear equation for straight leaves, constructed the straight leaf probabilistic model on main stem, quantified the relationship between leaf curvature and the corresponding leaf biomass, and constructed the leaf curvilinear model based on the assumption and verification of the curvilinear equation form for curving leaf. The probability of straight leaf can be quantified with piecewise function according to the different trend in the normalized leaf ranks ((0, 0.4], and (0.4, 1]). The leaf curvature decreased with the increasing of leaf biomass, and can be described with reciprocal function. The curve of straight leaf and the curving leaf can be simulated by linear equation and the quadratic function, respectively. Our models were validated with the independent dataset from the field experiment, and the results indicated that the model could effectively predict the straight leaf probability and leaf curvature, which would be useful for linking the rapeseed growth model with the rapeseed morphological model, and set the stage for the development of functional-structural rapeseed models

Intellectualized Identifying and Precision Control System for Horticultural Crop Diseases Based on Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

International audienceTo explore small unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing identifying technology for horticultural crop diseases, and to combine it with small UAV spraying, the peach leaf blade was taken as material, the peach shot-hole disease was taken as object for spectral capture, and the intellectualized identifying and precision control system for horticultural crop diseases were developed, mainly including the identifying system for horticultural crop diseases, spraying pesticide system carried by small UAV, and the ground mobile control station system. Some sub-systems were initially tested in laboratory and outside. This study can provide an important reference for unmanned precise control of horticultural crop diseases

An aboveground biomass partitioning coefficient model for rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

Biomass partitioning is a pivotal part of the function-structure feedback mechanism. To improve the simulation of aboveground biomass partitioning in grBiomass partitioning is a pivotal part of the function-structure feedback mechanism. To improve the simulation of aboveground biomass partitioning in growth models for rapeseed (Brassica napus\ua0L.), we developed an aboveground biomass partitioning coefficient model for main stem and primary branches, and the stems, leaves, and pods on them, by quantifying the relationships between the biomass partitioning coefficient of major organs aboveground and physiological day of development (DPD). To realize this goal, dry matter data of organs were derived from an outdoor experiment with rapeseed cultivars Ningyou18 and Ningza19 under different fertilizer and transplanting density treatments in the 2012–2015 growing seasons. The model was fitted by calculating the partitioning coefficients of different organs as the ratio of the biomass of organs and their superior organs and normalizing\ua0DPD\ua0into the [0, 1] interval. Various model variables were parameterized to explain the effects of cultivar and environmental conditions on biomass partitioning coefficients for different organs. Our descriptive models were validated with independent experimental data, the correlation (r) of simulation and observation values all had significant level at\ua0P\ua0< 0.001, the absolute values of the average absolute difference (da) are all less than 0.062, except for the main-stem pods, primary branch, primary-branch leaves model, the ratio of\ua0da\ua0to the average observation (dap) are all less than 6.263%, and\ua0r\ua0are all greater than 0.9 except primary-branch leaves and primary-branch stems model. The results showed that most models have good performance and reliability for predicting biomass partitioning coefficient of the main stem, the primary branch, and the organs on them. This sets the stage for linking a growth model with the biomass-based morphological model, for the development of a functional-structural rapeseed model.owth models for rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), we developed an aboveground biomass partitioning coefficient model for main stem and primary branches, and the stems, leaves, and pods on them, by quantifying the relationships between the biomass partitioning coefficient of major organs aboveground and physiological day of development (DPD). To realize this goal, dry matter data of organs were derived from an outdoor experiment with rapeseed cultivars Ningyou18 and Ningza19 under different fertilizer and transplanting density treatments in the 2012–2015 growing seasons. The model was fitted by calculating the partitioning coefficients of different organs as the ratio of the biomass of organs and their superior organs and normalizing DPD into the [0, 1] interval. Various model variables were parameterized to explain the effects of cultivar and environmental conditions on biomass partitioning coefficients for different organs. Our descriptive models were validated with independent experimental data, the correlation (r) of simulation and observation values all had significant level at P < 0.001, the absolute values of the average absolute difference (d) are all less than 0.062, except for the main-stem pods, primary branch, primary-branch leaves model, the ratio of d to the average observation (d) are all less than 6.263%, and r are all greater than 0.9 except primary-branch leaves and primary-branch stems model. The results showed that most models have good performance and reliability for predicting biomass partitioning coefficient of the main stem, the primary branch, and the organs on them. This sets the stage for linking a growth model with the biomass-based morphological model, for the development of a functional-structural rapeseed model