BP Neural Network Algorithms for Fault Diagnosis of Microwave Components

Intelligent diagnosis is the main trend of modern fault diagnosis technology. The emergence of artificial neural network technology provides a new way for this kind of intellectualization. Aiming at the problem of microwave module fault diagnosis, an intelligent fault diagnosis method based on BP(Back Propagation) neural network is proposed in this paper. In this paper, the process of determining the neural network model and the operation flow of BP algorithm are introduced, and the network is trained with training samples. By applying the neural network model to an AQ module for testing, the feasibility, accuracy and efficiency of the fault diagnosis of the microwave module are verified, which provides a new method for intelligent fault diagnosis of this kind of microwave module

An Improved Genetic Algorithms for Multi-objective Hybrid Flow-shop Scheduling Problem

To deal with the multi-objective hybrid flow Shop Scheduling Problem (HFSP), an improved genetic algorithms based on parallel sequential moving and variable mutation rate is proposed. Compared with the traditional GA, the algorithm proposed in this paper uses the two-point mutation rule based on VMR to find the global optimum which can make the algorithm jump out of the local optimum as far as possible, once it falls into the local optimum quickly. Decoding rules based on parallel sequential movement ensures that the artifact can start processing in time, so that the buffer between stages in the flow-shop is as little as possible, and the production cycle is shortened. Finally, a program was developed with the actual data of a workshop to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the algorithm. The result shows that the algorithm achieves satisfactory results in all indexes mentioned above

Lack of RNase L Attenuates Macrophage Functions

Background: Macrophages are one of the major cell types in innate immunity against microbial infection. It is believed that the expression of proinflammatory genes such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL–6, and cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) by macrophages is also crucial for activation of both innate and adaptive immunities. RNase L is an interferon (IFN) inducible enzyme which is highly expressed in macrophages. It has been demonstrated that RNase L regulates the expression of certain inflammatory genes. However, its role in macrophage function is largely unknown. Methodology: Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) were generated from RNase L+/+and −/− mice. The migration of BMMs was analyzed by using Transwell migration assays. Endocytosis and phagocytosis of macrophages were assessed by using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-Dextran 40,000 and FITC-E. coli bacteria, respectively. The expression of inflammatory genes was determined by Western Blot and ELISA. The promoter activity of Cox-2 was measured by luciferase reporter assays. Conclusions/Findings: Lack of RNase L significantly decreased the migration of BMMs induced by M-CSF, but at a less extent by GM-CSF and chemokine C-C motif ligand-2 (CCL2). Interestingly, RNase L deficient BMMs showed a significant reduction of endocytic activity to FITC-Dextran 40,000, but no any obvious effect on their phagocytic activity to FITC-bacteria under the same condition. RNase L impacts the expression of certain genes related to cell migration and inflammation such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, IL-1β, IL-10, CCL2 and Cox-2. Furthermore, the functional analysis of the Cox-2 promoter revealed that RNase L regulated the expression of Cox-2 in macrophages at its transcriptional level. Taken together, our findings provide direct evidence showing that RNase L contributes to innate immunity through regulating macrophage functions

RNase L Contributes to Experimentally Induced Type 1 Diabetes Onset in Mice

The cause of type 1 diabetes continues to be a focus of investigation. Studies have revealed that interferon α (IFNα) in pancreatic islets after viral infection or treatment with double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), a mimic of viral infection, is associated with the onset of type 1 diabetes. However, how IFNα contributes to the onset of type 1 diabetes is obscure. In this study, we found that 2-5A-dependent RNase L (RNase L), an IFNα-inducible enzyme that functions in the antiviral and antiproliferative activities of IFN, played an important role in dsRNA-induced onset of type 1 diabetes. Using RNase L-deficient, rat insulin promoter-B7.1 transgenic mice, which are more vulnerable to harmful environmental factors such as viral infection, we demonstrated that deficiency of RNase L in mice resulted in a significant delay of diabetes onset induced by polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), a type of synthetic dsRNA, and streptozotocin, a drug which can artificially induce type 1-like diabetes in experimental animals. Immunohistochemical staining results indicated that the population of infiltrated CD8+T cells was remarkably reduced in the islets of RNase L-deficient mice, indicating that RNase L may contribute to type 1 diabetes onset through regulating immune responses. Furthermore, RNase L was responsible for the expression of certain proinflammatory genes in the pancreas under induced conditions. Our findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanism underlying β-cell destruction and may indicate novel therapeutic strategies for treatment and prevention of the disease based on the selective regulation and inhibition of RNase L

RNase L Contributes to Experimentally Induced Type 1 Diabetes Onset in Mice

The cause of type 1 diabetes continues to be a focus of investigation. Studies have revealed that interferon α (IFNα) in pancreatic islets after viral infection or treatment with double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), a mimic of viral infection, is associated with the onset of type 1 diabetes. However, how IFNα contributes to the onset of type 1 diabetes is obscure. In this study, we found that 2-5A-dependent RNase L (RNase L), an IFNα-inducible enzyme that functions in the antiviral and antiproliferative activities of IFN, played an important role in dsRNA-induced onset of type 1 diabetes. Using RNase L-deficient, rat insulin promoter-B7.1 transgenic mice, which are more vulnerable to harmful environmental factors such as viral infection, we demonstrated that deficiency of RNase L in mice resulted in a significant delay of diabetes onset induced by polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), a type of synthetic dsRNA, and streptozotocin, a drug which can artificially induce type 1-like diabetes in experimental animals. Immunohistochemical staining results indicated that the population of infiltrated CD8+T cells was remarkably reduced in the islets of RNase L-deficient mice, indicating that RNase L may contribute to type 1 diabetes onset through regulating immune responses. Furthermore, RNase L was responsible for the expression of certain proinflammatory genes in the pancreas under induced conditions. Our findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanism underlying β-cell destruction and may indicate novel therapeutic strategies for treatment and prevention of the disease based on the selective regulation and inhibition of RNase L

Robust Binding of Disulfide-Substituted Rhenium Bipyridyl Complexes for CO2 Reduction on Gold Electrodes

Heterogenization of homogenous catalysts on electrode surfaces provides a valuable approach for characterization of catalytic processes in operando conditions using surface selective spectroelectrochemistry methods. Ligand design plays a central role in the attachment mode and the resulting functionality of the heterogenized catalyst as determined by the orientation of the catalyst relative to the surface and the nature of specific interactions that modulate the redox properties under the heterogeneous electrode conditions. Here, we introduce new [Re(L)(CO)3Cl] catalysts for CO2 reduction with sulfur-based anchoring groups on a bipyridyl ligand, where L = 3,3′-disulfide-2,2′-bipyridine (SSbpy) and 3,3′-thio-2,2′-bipyridine (Sbpy). Spectroscopic and electrochemical analysis complemented by computational modeling at the density functional theory level identify the complex [Re(SSbpy)(CO)3Cl] as a multi-electron acceptor that combines the redox properties of both the rhenium tricarbonyl core and the disulfide functional group on the bipyridyl ligand. The first reduction at −0.85 V (vs. SCE) involves a two-electron process that breaks the disulfide bond, activating it for surface attachment. The heterogenized complex exhibits robust anchoring on gold surfaces, as probed by vibrational sum-frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy. The binding configuration is normal to the surface, exposing the active site to the CO2 substrate in solution. The attachment mode is thus particularly suitable for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction.Fil: Cattaneo, Mauricio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Química del Noroeste. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Química del Noroeste; ArgentinaFil: Guo, Facheng. University of Yale; Estados UnidosFil: Kelly, H. Ray. University of Yale; Estados UnidosFil: Videla, Pablo E.. University of Yale; Estados UnidosFil: Kiefer, Laura. Emory University; Estados UnidosFil: Gebre, Sara. Emory University; Estados UnidosFil: Ge, Aimin. Emory University; Estados UnidosFil: Liu, Qiliang. Emory University; Estados UnidosFil: Wu, Shaoxiong. Emory University; Estados UnidosFil: Lian, Tianquan. Emory University; Estados UnidosFil: Batista, Víctor S.. University of Yale; Estados Unido

High Efficiency Lipid-Based siRNA Transfection of Adipocytes in Suspension

BACKGROUND:Fully differentiated adipocytes are considered to be refractory to introduction of siRNA via lipid-based transfection. However, large scale siRNA-based loss-of-function screening of adipocytes using either electroporation or virally-mediated transfection approaches can be prohibitively complex and expensive. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:We present a method for introducing small interfering RNA (siRNA) into differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes and primary human adipocytes using an approach based on forming the siRNA/cell complex with the adipocytes in suspension rather than as an adherent monolayer, a variation of "reverse transfection". CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE:Transfection of adipocytes with siRNA by this method is economical, highly efficient, has a simple workflow, and allows standardization of the ratio of siRNA/cell number, making this approach well-suited for high-throughput screening of fully differentiated adipocytes

Complejos de Renio para Reducción de CO2 Inmovilizados en Superficies de Oro: Propiedades Fisicoquímicas, Espectroscopía SFG y Simulación Computacional

Introducción. Reducción electroquímica de CO2 impulsada por fuentes de energías renovables, como eólica y solar, es un prometedor camino para la conversión en combustibles o precursores químicos. Los complejos de renio están entre los más eficientes catalizadores homogéneos para convertir CO2 a CO con alta actividad electrocatalítica.1 Una estrategia para la reducción eletrocatalítica de CO2 es la funcionalización de electrodos, que combina la estabilidad de sistemas heterogéneos con la alta selectividad de catalizadores moleculares. En este contexto, efectos estructurales y electrónicos en el catalizador en condiciones de trabajo pueden revelar importantes parámetros para el diseño y optimización de materiales catalíticos.2Resultados y Conclusiones. Reportamos la síntesis y caracterización de nuevos complejos de renio en condiciones homogéneas y heterogéneas. [Re(CO)3(L)Cl] con L = 3,3?-ditio-bipiridina y 3,3?-tio-bipiridina fueron obtenidos y caracterizados por análisis electroquímicos, espectroscopía SFG y modelado computacional, obteniéndose detalles fundamentales de la estructura electrónica, actividad catalítica y orientación del anclaje sobre la superficie del electrodo de oro, reguladas por el diseño del ligando.Fil: Cattaneo, Mauricio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Química del Noroeste. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Química del Noroeste; ArgentinaFil: Kiefer, Laura. University of Emory; Estados UnidosFil: Gebre, Sara. University of Emory; Estados UnidosFil: Ge, Aimin. University of Emory; Estados UnidosFil: Liu, Qiliang. University of Emory; Estados UnidosFil: Guo, Facheng. University of Yale; Estados UnidosFil: Kelly, Harvey R.. University of Yale; Estados UnidosFil: Videla, Pablo. University of Yale; Estados UnidosFil: Lian, Tinquan. University of Emory; Estados UnidosFil: Batista, Victor S.. University of Yale; Estados UnidosXXI Congreso Argentino de Fisicoquímica y Química InorgánicaSan Miguel de TucumánArgentinaUniversidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y FarmaciaAsociación Argentina de Investigaciones Fisicoquímica

Reduced Body Weight and Increased Energy Expenditure in Transgenic Mice Over-Expressing Soluble Leptin Receptor

studies have shown that OBRe expression is inversely correlated to body weight and leptin levels. However, it is not clear whether OBRe plays an active role, either in collaboration with leptin or independently, in the maintenance of body weight.To investigate the function of OBRe in the regulation of energy homeostasis, we generated transgenic mice that express OBRe under the control of human serum amyloid P (hSAP) component gene promoter. The transgene led to approximately doubling of OBRe in circulation in the transgenic mice than in wild type control mice. Transgenic mice exhibited lower body weight at 4 weeks of age, and slower rate of weight gain when compared with control mice. Furthermore, transgenic mice had lower body fat content. Indirect calorimetry revealed that transgenic mice had reduced food intake, increased basal metabolic rate, and increased lipid oxidation, which could account for the differences in body weight and body fat content. Transgenic mice also showed higher total circulating leptin, with the majority of it being in the bound form, while the amount of free leptin is comparable between transgenic and control mice.These results are consistent with the role of OBRe as a leptin binding protein in regulating leptin's bioavailability and activity

Genetic Variability of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus A Strains Circulating in Ontario: A Novel Genotype with a 72 Nucleotide G Gene Duplication

Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is the main cause of acute lower respiratory infections in children under 2 years of age and causes repeated infections throughout life. We investigated the genetic variability of RSV-A circulating in Ontario during 2010–2011 winter season by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the G glycoprotein gene