Productivity and resistance to stress factors of winter wheat varieties bred by ARC “Donskoy”

The purpose of the research is to evaluate modern varieties of winter soft wheat bred by the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Agrarian Research Center “Donskoy” (ARC “Donskoy”) in terms of yield, elements of its structure and resistance to bio and abiotic stress factors. On average, over the years of the study (2019–2021), the yield of winter soft wheat varieties bred by the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution ARC “Donskoy” for the predecessor maize for grain changed from 6.33 t/ha for the Don 107 standard to 7.23 t/ha for the new varieties Flagman. Reliable yield increases in all years of the study were formed by the following varieties: Volny Don (+0.61 t/ha; +0.70 t/ha; +0.39 t/ha), Region 161 (+0.67 t/ha; +0.41 t/ha; +0.41 t/ha) and Flagman (+0.57 t/ha, +0.99 t/ha; +1.14 t/ha). An analysis of the correlation relationships between the yield of winter soft wheat varieties with elements of its structure showed that productivity in the conditions of 2019–2021 the following indicators had the maximum influence: productive bushiness (r=0.27±0.15), weight of 1000 grains (r=0.32±0.14) and density of productive stems (r=0.45±0.10). High frost resistance was noted in such varieties as Zhavoronok (74.4%), Region 161 (84.2%) and Aksai (70.5%). According to the results of the correlation analysis of yield with resistance to bio and abiotic environmental factors, no significant relationships were found. This indicates the possibility of combining high productivity and resistance to the studied stress factors in one genotype

Physiological assessment of drought resistance and heat resistance of spring barley varieties by laboratory methods

One of the main conditions for the stable growth of grain production of spring barley is the expansion of sown areas, using varieties with high adaptive properties and capable of providing high yields in a changing climate. The purpose of the work is to determine the drought resistance and heat resistance of varieties and lines of spring barley using laboratory methods. The article presents studies of physiological indicators of resistance at an early stage of plant development to extreme environmental factors (drought and relatively high air temperatures). The physiological method of early diagnostics of seeds and seedlings provides information on the general initial level of physiological and biochemical processes in germinating seeds under stressful conditions and allows one to get an idea of the resistance of adult plants. Such a primary assessment gives grounds for the selection of promising samples for a deeper study of their stability. When determining the resistance of varieties and lines of spring barley to abiotic stressors, samples were identified that, in terms of a set of indicators (drought resistance, heat resistance, degree of depression, index of complex resistance and growth of germinal roots), values significantly exceeding the standard variety Ratnik (36.6; 91, 1; 2.13%; 184.3 rel. units and 2.78 cm, respectively): Zernogradsky 1717 (45.6; 84.0; 5.19%; 194.8 rel. units and 4.76 cm), Zernogradsky 1716 (4.3; 83.4; 5.43%; 188.0 relative units and 3.67 cm), Zernogradsky 1701 (36.2; 87.0; 3.17%; , 4 relative units and 2.56 cm)

The change in the leaf conducting system of the winter wheat samples under the conditions of simulated drought

The current paper has considered the effect of the development degree of the leaf conducting systems and the head-bearing internode on kernel weight per head of the winter wheat grown in the conditions of insufficient moisture supply and optimal moisture. The study of out among 13 winter wheat samples developed by the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”. The area of the conducting vascular bundle of winter wheat ranged from 0.208 mm2 10-4 (‘Shef’, ‘586/13’) to 0.364 mm2 10-4 (‘Krasa Dona’) (a trial) and from 0.381 mm2 10-4 (‘Etyud’) to 0.350 mm2 10-4 (‘Zhavoronok’) (a control). The maximum development degree of wheat leaf conducting system in the trials was identified in the varieties ‘Krasa Dona’ (4.01 mm2 10-4) and ‘Ambar’ (4.22 mm2 10-4), and in the control these were the varieties ‘Polina’ (2.59 mm2 10-4) and ‘Ambar’ (2.62 mm2 10-4). The maximum values of the area of the leaf conducting system and kernel weight per head were shown by the varieties ‘Krasa Dona’ (4.01 mm2 10-4 and 0.37 g) and ‘Ambar’ (4.22 mm2 10-4 and 0.39 g)

Productivity and resistance to stress factors of winter wheat varieties bred by ARC “Donskoy”

The purpose of the research is to evaluate modern varieties of winter soft wheat bred by the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Agrarian Research Center “Donskoy” (ARC “Donskoy”) in terms of yield, elements of its structure and resistance to bio and abiotic stress factors. On average, over the years of the study (2019–2021), the yield of winter soft wheat varieties bred by the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution ARC “Donskoy” for the predecessor maize for grain changed from 6.33 t/ha for the Don 107 standard to 7.23 t/ha for the new varieties Flagman. Reliable yield increases in all years of the study were formed by the following varieties: Volny Don (+0.61 t/ha; +0.70 t/ha; +0.39 t/ha), Region 161 (+0.67 t/ha; +0.41 t/ha; +0.41 t/ha) and Flagman (+0.57 t/ha, +0.99 t/ha; +1.14 t/ha). An analysis of the correlation relationships between the yield of winter soft wheat varieties with elements of its structure showed that productivity in the conditions of 2019–2021 the following indicators had the maximum influence: productive bushiness (r=0.27±0.15), weight of 1000 grains (r=0.32±0.14) and density of productive stems (r=0.45±0.10). High frost resistance was noted in such varieties as Zhavoronok (74.4%), Region 161 (84.2%) and Aksai (70.5%). According to the results of the correlation analysis of yield with resistance to bio and abiotic environmental factors, no significant relationships were found. This indicates the possibility of combining high productivity and resistance to the studied stress factors in one genotype

Physiological assessment of drought resistance and heat resistance of spring barley varieties by laboratory methods

One of the main conditions for the stable growth of grain production of spring barley is the expansion of sown areas, using varieties with high adaptive properties and capable of providing high yields in a changing climate. The purpose of the work is to determine the drought resistance and heat resistance of varieties and lines of spring barley using laboratory methods. The article presents studies of physiological indicators of resistance at an early stage of plant development to extreme environmental factors (drought and relatively high air temperatures). The physiological method of early diagnostics of seeds and seedlings provides information on the general initial level of physiological and biochemical processes in germinating seeds under stressful conditions and allows one to get an idea of the resistance of adult plants. Such a primary assessment gives grounds for the selection of promising samples for a deeper study of their stability. When determining the resistance of varieties and lines of spring barley to abiotic stressors, samples were identified that, in terms of a set of indicators (drought resistance, heat resistance, degree of depression, index of complex resistance and growth of germinal roots), values significantly exceeding the standard variety Ratnik (36.6; 91, 1; 2.13%; 184.3 rel. units and 2.78 cm, respectively): Zernogradsky 1717 (45.6; 84.0; 5.19%; 194.8 rel. units and 4.76 cm), Zernogradsky 1716 (4.3; 83.4; 5.43%; 188.0 relative units and 3.67 cm), Zernogradsky 1701 (36.2; 87.0; 3.17%; , 4 relative units and 2.56 cm)