Synthesis of a Composite Based on Humic Acid Tuned to Sorbed Copper Ion

We obtained modified humic acid-based cross-linked composite pre-tuned to the sorbed copper ion. The composite synthesis had three stages. At first, we obtained prepolymerization complex using humic acids iso-lated from Shubarkol deposit oxidized coals and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with template (CuSO4). We used ultrasonic activation for uniform dispersion of multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Second stage comprised copolymerization in the presence of amine and cross-linker; here the prepolymerization composite complex with the template was fixed in certain nodes of polymer network. At the third stage, acid hydrolysis destroyed the bonds of the template with the composite macromolecules, the template was re-moved, and imprints complementary to the template in shape, size, and functionality were formed and re-tained “molecular memory”. Such tuning forms adsorption centers in the polymer network of the composite, which can repeatedly and highly specifically interact with the template, and highly selectively extract target molecules from solution, leading to significant increase in sorbent capacity. The reaction was controlled by direct and back titration, and added amine, which was determined using Elementar Unicube elemental ana-lyzer. The crosslinked composite can be used as a selective sorbent tuned to a specific metal io

Polymerization of Lactic Acid Using Microwave and Conventional Heating

AbstractThe polymerization of lactic acid (LA) has been investigated by two methods: conventional heating and under microwave irradiation. The reactions of polymerization have been carried out in two stages: at the beginning water is removed and oligomer is obtained; then, the catalysts/co-catalysts are added and reactions are carried out. Tin octoate, toluene sulfonic acid, 2-aminopropanoic acid (alanine) have been investigated as polymerization catalysts and the derivatives of 2,4,6,8- tetramethilol -2,4,6,8- tetraazabicyclo[3.3.0]octane -3,7-dion (Tetraol), comprising atoms of Mg, Zn, Al have been synthesized for the first time. The structure of the synthesized catalyst has been investigated using the method of IR, 1H NMR. It has been shown that the process of obtaining polylactic acid (PLA) by microwave irradiation proceeds hundreds of times faster. PLA samples synthesized by this method have the same optical characteristics as the PLA obtained by conventional heating

Polymerization of Lactic Acid Using Microwave and Conventional Heating

The polymerization of lactic acid (LA) has been investigated by two methods: conventional heating and under microwave irradiation. The reactions of polymerization have been carried out in two stages: at the beginning water is removed and oligomer is obtained; then, the catalysts/co-catalysts are added and reactions are carried out. Tin octoate, toluene sulfonic acid, 2-aminopropanoic acid (alanine) have been investigated as polymerization catalysts and the derivatives of 2,4,6,8- tetramethilol -2,4,6,8- tetraazabicyclo[3.3.0]octane -3,7-dion (Tetraol), comprising atoms of Mg, Zn, Al have been synthesized for the first time. The structure of the synthesized catalyst has been investigated using the method of IR, {1}H NMR. It has been shown that the process of obtaining polylactic acid (PLA) by microwave irradiation proceeds hundreds of times faster. PLA samples synthesized by this method have the same optical characteristics as the PLA obtained by conventional heating

THE ALKALOID CYTISINE IN THE CELL CULTURE

Alkaloids are vegetative establishments of complex and original structure with nitrous heterocycles in the basis. For a long time they drew researchers’ attention because of their unique and specific physiological effect on alive organisms. Not all the representatives of the globe’s flora contain these unique substances. Alkaloid cytisine is to be found mainly in the plants of the fabaceous family - Fabaceae. For the cytisine production the seeds of Thermopsis lanceolata R.Br (T. lanceolata R.Br) and Cytisus laburnum (C. laburnum) are used as a raw material. The object of the research is T. lanceolata cell culture. Sterile sprouts are used at the first stage of the experiment. Callus genesis is accompanied with dedifferentiation. It leads to the cellular organization simplification. Based on an important property of a plant cell, such as totipotency, there appears the formation of the “de novo” biosynthetic device. The cultivation algorithm consists of two basic stages: (i) the cultivation conditions optimization of callus with a high level of the primary metabolites biosynthesis (Aspartat – lysine); (ii) the research of cultivation chemical and physical factors influence on the secondary metabolite (cytisine) biosynthesis and accumulation. During the cultivation the Murashige and Skoog classical recipe of nutrient medium will be used. Optimization of the cultivation conditions will concern the phytohormones, macro- and micronutrients content, as the purpose of optimization is the production of the determined high-level competence embriogenical callus. The main problem is genetic heterogeneity of a cellular population and instability of morpho-physiological processes. The correct management of higher plants cells population is possible at the synchronization of a cellular cycle phases. The references analysis has shown that it is almost impossible to synchronize cellular cycles in the culture of plant tissue. The application of chemical inhibitors allows achieving sufficiently high level of SPCC. Their use also results in the rise of a mitotic index level. Another method of SPCC is based on the effect of limiting factors, such as, the reduction of phytohormones level and carbohydrates and nitrogen sources in a nutrient medium. The cells accumulation in the mitosis phase will allow getting a cellular mass ready to adequate response to chemical and physical influences. It promotes the formation of the “de novo” biosynthetic device according to genetic conditionality. The following receptions will be used for the cells genetic potential activation: (i) optimization of organic additives concentration; (ii) optimal physical parameters installation. The process of plant cells cultivation is carried out according to the researcher’s objectives. In one case it is a biomass accumulation. In the second one it is the reception of producers’ strains. Carrying out the research within the limits of the first task, it is important to optimize a nutrient medium composition at the level of macro-micro elements and phytohormones. To increase the cellular clusters productivity the work is carried out at the organic additives level

Characteristics of implementah tion of credit transfer and accumulation system at technical universities of Kazakhstan

Having joint to the Bologna convention in 2010, Kazakhstan has clearly emphasized furthervector of its movement – tendency to integration together with allHEuropean educational space.In Kazakhstan national credit system of higher education including the assessment of labor credits of each studying discipline and educational program based on AngloHSaxon credit model of education is created.Students of Kazakhstan study not only at universities of Europe, which implemented theEuropean credit system, but also at universities of America, Europe, Asia and Australia focused on other credit systems.According to the State Program of Education Development of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2011 – 2020 the further reforms, which reduce the impact of centralized regulation and supervision and focus on the development of autonomy and academic freedom of universities,are planned.A gradual transfer from the technologies of studying abroad by the scheme: a student of Kazakhstan – the state – a foreign university, which exists nowadays, to the system of academic mobility: a university of Kazakhstan – a student – a foreign university with the financial support from the state is proposed

Estimation of environment in conditions of oil and gas extraction in Dagestan

On the basis of background parameters definition, data on accumulation of polluting substances, considering characteristics of climate and soil conditions of the region the estimation of contemporary environmental condition of oil and gas areas of Dagestan is given