Analysis of the correlation between aortic diameter, heart size, and type of coronary circulation

The objective of this study was to analyse the correlation between aortic diameter, heart size, and type of coronary circulation. The study was carried out on 102 human hearts (59 male and 43 female). Casts of the vascular system of each heart were prepared using epoxide resins. The hearts were measured for their size and aorta diameter, and classified to a coronary circulation type. The examination of materials indicated no significant correlation between aortic diameter and sex or coronary circulation type. However, a statistically significant correlation between aortic diameter and heart volume index was found. Folia Morphol 2010; 69, 1: 30-3

Analysis of the influence of heart size and gender on coronary circulation type

Currently, there are many types of classification of coronary circulation. The first type was introduced in 1904 by Banchi. Hettler provides very detailed criteria for the type classification based on the course of the anterior and posterior interventricular branches. Hettler defined the following types: left coronary artery dominance, right coronary artery dominance, and co-dominant. The objective of this study was to analyse coronary circulation types in the studied material and their correlation with heart size and gender. The study was carried out on 102 human hearts (59 male and 43 female). True casts of coronary vessels were obtained using epoxide resins. The prepared specimens were measured for heart dimensions and evaluated for coronary circulation type. The majority of the specimens were classified as the co-dominant type, followed by the right coronary artery dominant type. The left-dominant coronary artery type represented the lowest number of heart specimens. No statistically significant correlation between the type of coronary circulation and heart size or gender was found. The coronary circulation type is not correlated with heart size or with gender. This confirms that it is a hereditary trait. Folia Morphol 2010; 69, 1: 35-4

Topography of the infraorbital foramen in human skulls originating from different time periods

Background: The infraorbital foramen (IOF) is present on the maxilla under theinfraorbital margin. Its identification is essential in various surgical procedures. Themain aim of this study was the morphometric assessment of the position of the rightand left infraorbital foramina in relation to specific structural elements of the facialskeleton, their width and direction, and also the determination of the location ofthese foramina above maxillary teeth in examined male skulls (belonging to Europeanpopulations) dated to the beginning of the 20th century and the medieval andpost-medieval period. This aim concerned also the assessment of the symmetry ofthe examined foramina (their location and size). An additional goal was to determinedifferences between the cranial samples concerning the analysed traits.Materials and methods: The six metric and two non-metric traits concerning theIOF were collected from the male cranial samples including modern skulls (n = 87),the medieval and post-medieval skulls (from 13th centuries and 15–17th centuries,respectively; n = 47) obtained from archaeological excavations in Wroclaw, and thesample of the medieval skulls (11–13th centuries, n = 100) from Sypniewo. The sexand age of the specimens were determined using the standard methodology. Theappropriate statistical analysis was performed.Results: Significant differences were established for three traits (taken from the leftand right side) in the case of modern skulls (diameter of IOF, its distance to the midline,and zygomaticomaxillary suture) and one in the case of medieval skulls from Sypniewo(distance to the midline). In all of the cranial samples IOF most frequently occurred abovethe first upper molar. The greater diameter of IOF and its shorter distance to the alveolarcrest and nasal notch were observed in non-modern skulls compared to modern skulls.Conclusions: The results of this study provide new additional data on the topography ofIOF and its asymmetry, confirm the presence of both geographical and chronological differencesbetween populations, and can be used in dental practice, and forensic odontologyin the analysis of archaeological bone materials

Selected structures of middle ear relevant to cochlear implantation on the basis of computer tomography

Background: The primary objective of this study was to analyze middle ear structures critical for cochlear implantation using computed tomography. Materials and methods: Patients who underwent cochlear implantation at the Department of Otolaryngology in Szczecin between 2015 and 2022 were eligible for the study. We analyzed computed tomography images of 57 ears in 52 patients. The following parameters were assessed: mastoid aeration, tegmen tympani height, sigmoid sinus position, posterior tympanotomy width, the distance between the facial nerve and chorda tympani, modified facial recess distance, and the prediction line described by other authors. Results: In 69% of patients, after the removal of the round window bony overhang, the round window membrane became fully visible. There were no statistically significant correlations found for parameters describing mastoid process anatomy or those rating the width of the posterior tympanotomy concerning round window access. The prediction lines, according to Kashio and Jwair, were found to be relevant. In cases where patients' access to the niche and membrane of the window was rated as good or very good during clinical evaluation, they were more likely to describe the window as being located posteriorly or medially in the radiological evaluation. Using a binary Jwair scale provided a better correlation with the clinical assessment. In cases where the windows were graded as posterior, the clinical assessment indicated better surgical access, especially to the RWM (Round Window Membrane). Conclusions: Evaluating middle ear anatomy on a computed tomography scan is useful for preparing for middle ear surgery but does not significantly affect the ability to access the round window. For such access, the position of the window in relation to the facial nerve is the most relevant factor, and measurements based on this relationship hold the highest clinical value

Snoring - the role of the laryngologist in diagnosing and treating its causes

Abstract According to various data, snoring may affect about 2 billion people worldwide, with about 8 million adult people in Poland being estimated to snore. Apart from being disturbing for other people, it brings about a measurable risk for the patient, which results from transient anoxia. As a consequence, it may increase the risk of arterial hypertension, myocardial infarction, cerebral stroke and impotency, as well as mental disturbances like depression or anxiety states. The physician a snoring patient may consult in the first instance is the laryngologist. He determines whether upper airway obturation (in contrast to central sleep apnea) is dealt with, and takes a decision about treatment method, or redirects the patient to another specialist. In this paper, the position of a laryngologist in the diagnosis and treatment of snoring is presented. The material consisted of patients presenting with this problem at the otolaryngology department. The proceedings with patients in the admission office setting were described as well as qualification methods for further medical and operative treatment. A review of the applied procedures was made, in particular allowing for the most recent therapeutic methods.</p