MODEL OF HYDROCARBONS TRANSPORT THROUGH THE POROUS GROUND MEDIA

Dispersion model of hydrocarbons transport in porous media has been presented. Mathematical description of this process allows to estimate whether the menace of ground waters can occur as a result of hydrocarbons transport through the soil. The convection term in the mass transport equation is taken into account due to the higher velocity of propagation in vertical direction. Additionally, introduction to the balance equation the biosorption link allows to take into account microorganisms influence on impurities concentration, especially on heavy oils derived compounds. To verify the theoretical model series of the experiment in the soil filter has been carried out.Представленная модель дисперсии транспортировки углеводородов в пористых средах. Математическое описание этого процесса позволяет оценить, есть ли угроза грунтовым водам в результате транспортировки углеводородов через почву. Срок конвекции в уравнении  переноса массы учитывается за счет более высокой скорости распространения в вертикальном направлении. Кроме того, введение в уравнения баланса ссылки биосорбции позволяет принять во во внимание влияниеколичества микроорганизмы от концентрации примесей,особенно тяжелых масел, полученных соединений. Чтобы проверить теоретическую модель в фильтре почвы была проведена серия экспериментов.Наведено модель дисперсії транспортування вуглеводнів у пористих середовищах. Математичний опис цього процесу дозволяє оцінити, чи є загроза ґрунтовим водам під час транспортування вуглеводнів через ґрунт. Термін конвекції в рівнянні перенесення маси враховується за рахунок вищої швидкості поширення у вертикальному напрямку. Крім того, введення в рівняння балансу посилання біосорбції дає змогу оцінити вплив кількості мікроорганізмів від концентрації домішок, особливо важких масел, отриманих сполук. Проведено серію експериментів з метою перевірки теоретичної моделі в фільтрі ґрунту

Green Composites Based on Unsaturated Polyester Resin from Recycled Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) with Wood Flour as Filler—Synthesis, Characterization and Aging Effect

The paper investigates the synthesis of green composites and their properties before and after the laboratory accelerated aging tests. Materials were made of unsaturated polyester resins (UPRs) based on recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and wood flour (WF). The effect of dibenzylideneacetone (dba) addition on mechanical and thermomechanical properties was also determined. Green composites were obtained using environment friendly polymeric cobalt as an accelerator. Before and after exposition to the xenon lamp radiation, the UPRs physically modified by WF were characterized only by a greater flexural modulus compared with the analogous composites based on the pure resin. Addition of dba caused the increase of flexural modulus, flexural strength, strain at break and mechanical loss factor compared to the non-modified material. After aging only the last mentioned parameter took on lower values compared to the pure resin analogues

Investigation of Degradation of Composites Based on Unsaturated Polyester Resin and Vinyl Ester Resin

This study compares the degradation process of unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) and vinyl ester resin (VER) and their biocomposites with kraft lignin. In order to study their degradation, accelerated aging, immersion in different solvents, microwave radiation and high temperature were applied. The results show that, depending on the conditions, the degradation assumes a different course. The VER resin is more chemically resistant than the UPR resin. In the case of the composites immersed in an aggressive solvent (acetone), it can be observed that the polymer matrix is degraded, whereas in water only a small increase of weight takes place. Immersion in NaOH initiates the degradation process consisting in the hydrolysis of ester bonds, which are especially observed for pure resins. Under the influence of UV radiation and microwaves, the resins are additionally cross-linked. Thermogravimetric analysis shows that in the case of composites heated to 1000 °C, a residual mass remains, which is carbonized with lignin. In turn, composites treated with microwaves lost weight

Synthesis, Characterization and Testing of Antimicrobial Activity of Composites of Unsaturated Polyester Resins with Wood Flour and Silver Nanoparticles

This paper presents the properties of the wood-resin composites. For improving their antibacterial character, silver nanoparticles were incorporated into their structures. The properties of the obtained materials were analyzed in vitro for their anti-biofilm potency in contact with aerobic Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis; and aerobic Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These pathogens are responsible for various infections, including those associated with healthcare. The effect of silver nanoparticles incorporation on mechanical and thermomechanical properties as well as gloss were investigated for the samples of composites before and after accelerating aging tests. The results show that bacteria can colonize in various wrinkles and cracks on the composites with wood flour but also the surface of the cross-linked unsaturated polyester resin. The addition of nanosilver causes the death of bacteria. It also positively influences mechanical and thermomechanical properties as well as gloss of the resin

Synthesis, Characterization and Testing of Antimicrobial Activity of Composites of Unsaturated Polyester Resins with Wood Flour and Silver Nanoparticles

This paper presents the properties of the wood-resin composites. For improving their antibacterial character, silver nanoparticles were incorporated into their structures. The properties of the obtained materials were analyzed in vitro for their anti-biofilm potency in contact with aerobic Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis; and aerobic Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These pathogens are responsible for various infections, including those associated with healthcare. The effect of silver nanoparticles incorporation on mechanical and thermomechanical properties as well as gloss were investigated for the samples of composites before and after accelerating aging tests. The results show that bacteria can colonize in various wrinkles and cracks on the composites with wood flour but also the surface of the cross-linked unsaturated polyester resin. The addition of nanosilver causes the death of bacteria. It also positively influences mechanical and thermomechanical properties as well as gloss of the resin

Analysis of the Model of Atherosclerosis Formation in Pig Hearts as a Result of Impaired Activity of DNA Repair Enzymes

Excessive consumption of food rich in saturated fatty acids and carbohydrates can lead to metabolic disturbances and cardiovascular disease. Hyperlipidemia is a significant risk factor for acute cardiac events due to its association with oxidative stress. This leads to arterial wall remodeling, including an increase in the thickness of the intima media complex (IMT), and endothelial dysfunction leading to plaque formation. The decreased nitric oxide synthesis and accumulation of lipids in the wall result in a reduction in the vasodilating potential of the vessel. This study aimed to establish a clear relationship between markers of endothelial dysfunction and the activity of repair enzymes in cardiac tissue from a pig model of early atherosclerosis. The study was conducted on 28 female Polish Landrace pigs, weighing 40 kg (approximately 3.5 months old), which were divided into three groups. The control group (n = 11) was fed a standard, commercial, balanced diet (BDG) for 12 months. The second group (n = 9) was fed an unbalanced, high-calorie Western-type diet (UDG). The third group (n = 8) was fed a Western-type diet for nine months and then switched to a standard, balanced diet (regression group, RG). Control examinations, including blood and urine sampling, were conducted every three months under identical conditions with food restriction for 12 h and water restriction for four hours before general anesthesia. The study analyzed markers of oxidative stress formed during lipid peroxidation processes, including etheno DNA adducts, ADMA, and NEFA. These markers play a crucial role in reactive oxygen species analysis in ischemia–reperfusion and atherosclerosis in mammalian tissue. Essential genes involved in oxidative-stress-induced DNA demethylation like OGG1 (8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase), MPG (N-Methylpurine DNA Glycosylase), TDG (Thymine-DNA glycosylase), APEX (apurinic/apirymidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1), PTGS2 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2), and ALOX (Arachidonate Lipoxygenase) were measured using the Real-Time RT-PCR method. The data suggest that high oxidative stress, as indicated by TBARS levels, is associated with high levels of DNA repair enzymes and depends on the expression of genes involved in the repair pathway. In all analyzed groups of heart tissue homogenates, the highest enzyme activity and gene expression values were observed for the OGG1 protein recognizing the modified 8oxoG. Conclusion: With the long-term use of an unbalanced diet, the levels of all DNA repair genes are increased, especially (significantly) Apex, Alox, and Ptgs, which strongly supports the hypothesis that an unbalanced diet induces oxidative stress that deregulates DNA repair mechanisms and may contribute to genome instability and tissue damage