Analysis of postpartum intrauterine contraceptive devices

Background: PPIUCDs are the only postpartum family planning  method for couples requesting a highly effective and reversible, yet long acting, family planning method that can be initiated during the immediate postpartum in lactating women. The public health benefits from PPIUCDs stemmed from the women’s increased accessibility to PPIUCDs following facility births, as PPIUCDs could be offered at health facilities after childbirth. It is an attempt to reduce unmet family planning need. The specific aims of this study were to assess the acceptability, feasibility expulsion rate and complications of PPIUCD insertion among women delivering at term in our institute who were eligible and counselled for PPIUCD.Methods: Prospective study undertaken at Dr. Vaishampayan memorial government medical college, Solapur, Maharashtra conducted from September 2015 to August 2017. All women undergoing delivery at term in this institute and not having any contraindications for postpartum IUCD insertion were counseled for PPIUCD.Results: A total 3032 were eligible for PPIUCD insertion and were counseled for the same. 1.97% women accepted PPIUCD insertion while 98.03% of them declined insertion. 1124 underwent caesarean section while 1908 had vaginal delivery. Among vaginal delivery group rate of acceptance was 1.20% while that in caesarean section group was 3.29%.Conclusions: The present study concluded that overall acceptance of PPIUCD in our institute is 1.97 %. Considering fear of complications related to IUCD and partner refusal as major causes of refusal for PPIUCD in our study, emphasis on this aspect during counseling can improve acceptance

Sigmoid volvulus in pregnancy: a rare case

Sigmoid volvulus in pregnancy is an extremely uncommon condition, with only 84 cases to have been reported in the English literature. Sigmoid volvulus is the most common cause of bowel obstruction complicating pregnancy, accounting for up to 44 per cent of cases. Overall bowel obstruction in pregnancy varies from 1 in 1500 to 1 in 66,431 deliveries. Intestinal obstruction in pregnancy can be caused by many factors including congenital or postoperative adhesions, volvulus, intussusceptions, hernia and appendicitis, history of intestinal tuberculosis. Patient presented with acute onset abdominal distension associated with multiple episodes of vomiting. When history and clinical examination was suggestive of acute abdomen, diagnosis was confirmed with imaging modalities like abdominal ultrasound, CT (Computerized tomography) scan. Sigmoid volvulus is a surgical emergency and is to be treated promptly. Here we presented a case report on sigmoid volvulus in third trimester pregnancy which was managed by emergency exploration

Pregnancy in rudimentary horn of unicornuate uterus: a rare case

Congenital malformations of the female genital tract result from embryological maldevelopment of Mullerian or paramesonephric ducts. Mullerian duct anomalies (MDAs) are due to agenesis, defective fusion or resorption during embryological development. Unicornuate uterus results due to defective lateral fusion of Mullerian duct. This report discussed a case of pregnancy in rudimentary horn of unicornuate uterus which resulted in rupture of the horn. A patient 35 year old G2A1 with spontaneous conception with 4 months pregnancy came to emergency room with complaints of pain in abdomen and giddiness. On examination her general condition was moderate with pulse rate of 128 bpm, blood pressure of 90/60 mmHg, pallor was present. On per abdomen examination guarding, rigidity and diffuse tenderness was present. On per vaginum examination, uterus size could not be appreciated. Her haemoglobin level was 6 gm%. Ultrasonography of abdomen showed presence of unicornuate uterus with ruptured right horn with fetus in the abdominal cavity and presence of hemoperitoneum. Immediate resuscitative measures were performed, blood transfusion was started and simultaneously patient was shifted to operation theatre for exploratory laparotomy. Intraoperatively hemoperitoneum with unicornuate uterus with non communicating ruptured accessory horn on right side was present and foetus in peritoneal cavity was seen. Ruptured horn was excised and uterus was repaired. The accessory horn and foetus were sent for histopathology examination which was suggestive of placenta increta with gestational hypertrophy and hyperplasia of myometrium with normal tube and ovary. Patient tolerated the procedure well

Multi-species sociology of the body

The human body has become a central focus in sociology. Such work has centred largely on the human body and its significance in social contexts. This article draws on sociological understandings of human embodiment, especially the idea of the ‘body as a project’, to facilitate a multi-species understanding of bodies and their entanglements. Conceptualising the body as a project has provided sociological insights into the scientific and technological innovations that are designed to improve health and delay death. Nonhuman animals are entangled in these efforts, though their presence is often occluded. By examining notions of body masks, body regimes and body options, which are well established in sociological thinking about the body, this article seeks to prompt consideration of how to utilise theories of the body to examine human–nonhuman animal entanglements in order to establish a multi-species sociology of the body

Role of solute structure on the stability of the OH-adduct of substituted organic sulfides and its transformation to a radical cation

The sulfur-centered OH-adduct (λ max=360 nm) of 4-(methylthio)butanol transforms (k=1× 106 s-1) to a sulfur-centered dimer radical cation (λ max=485 nm) in basic solution. The rate of transformation is accelerated in acidic solution and only the dimer radical cation is observed at pH=1. The transformation of the OH-adduct of 3-(methylthio)propanol is fast even in basic solution and only the intra-molecular radical (λ max=410 nm) is observed at pH>5 and the dimer radical cation (λ max=480 nm) at pH=1. The OH-adduct of 3,3'-thiodipropionamide (λ max=350 nm) undergoes transformation (k=1.4× 105 s-1) to an intra-molecular radical cation (λ max=370 nm). The formation of the OH-adduct and its transformation to a solute radical cation could not be observed with 2-(methylthio)ethanol and 2,2'-thiodiethanamide

Evidence for the role of electron-withdrawing power of functional groups and [H<SUP>+</SUP>] for electron-transfer reaction in substituted alkyl sulfides

The pulse radiolysis technique has been employed to demonstrate the effects of the electron-withdrawing power of functional groups and the H+ concentration on the nature of &#8226;OH radical reaction with substituted alkyl sulfides. The intermediate OH adduct and &#945;-thioalkyl radical could be detected in substituted sulfides having a functional group of high electron-withdrawing power. The concentration of H+ required for the formation of solute radical cations appears to correlate with the electron-withdrawing power of the functional group. The reactivity of eaq- toward dialkyl sulfides increases upon the introduction of strongly electron-withdrawing groups which effectively reduce the electron density at sulfur. The transient absorption band (&#955; max = 310 nm) observed from the reaction of &#8226;OH radicals with methyl thioacetic acid (MTA) is assigned to the a-thioalkyl radical formed via an intermediate OH adduct. In highly acidic solutions ([HClO4] = 3 mol dm-3), &#8226;OH radicals are able to react with MTA to form dimer radical cations (&#955; max = 490 nm). The specific one-electron oxidants (Cl2&#8226;-, Br2&#8226;-, and SO4&#8226;-) undergo electron-transfer reaction with the solute; however, the transient absorption band of the dimer radical cation at 490 nm could not be observed, which may be due to unstable nature of the transient species in neutral and slightly acidic solutions. The oxidation potential is determined to be 1.56 V. The decay kinetics of the solute dimer radical cation is discussed in detail, and deprotonation of the solute radical cation is found to be the rate-determining step. The stability constant for the dimer radical cation has been determined to be 10 dm3 mol-1 at 25 &#176; C. The transient species (&#955; max = 390 nm, k = 3.3 &#215; 109 dm3 mol-1 s-1), formed from the reaction of Br&#8226; atom with the solute, is assigned to a three-electron-bonded Br&#8226; adduct