Fore limb grip strength of untreated C57, untreated mdx and taurine treated mdx mice.

<p>Data are presented as both force normalised to body weight (A) and total force (B). Symbols for significant differences (p<0.05) are- * = between untreated mdx and C57, $ = between untreated mdx and taurine treated mdx and # between taurine treated mdx and C57. Data are presented as mean ± SEM and n = C57 (9), mdx (10) and taurine treated (8).</p

Force frequency curves of untreated C57, untreated mdx and taurine treated mdx EDL muscles.

<p>Isometric force produced at frequencies from 5–150 Hz was plotted for both specific force (A) and total force (B). Symbols for significant differences (p<0.05) are- * = between untreated mdx and C57, $ = between untreated mdx and taurine treated mdx and # between taurine treated mdx and C57. Data are presented as mean ± SEM and n = C57 (7), mdx (9) and taurine treated (7).</p

Oxidative stress in the diaphragm.

<p>Free and oxidised glutathione activity and GSH:GSSG ratio (A). Values are mean ± SEM. Protein carbonyl content (B). Values are mean ± SEM. Antioxidant genes <i>catalase</i> (C), <i>GPX1</i> (D), <i>SOD1</i> (E) mRNA expression in the diaphragm. Values are median (with 10^th and 90^th centiles). * p<0.05 compared with Sal/Sal.</p

Atrophy related signalling in the diaphragm.

<p>Atrophy gene MuRF1 (A) and MAFbx (B) mRNA expression in diaphragm. Values are median (with 10^th and 90^th centiles). 20 S proteasome activity (C) normalised against total protein concentration. Values are mean ± SEM.</p

Cord blood leukocytes counts.

<p>Values are mean ± sem</p><p>Cord blood leukocytes counts.</p

Systemic and diaphragm cytokine responses.

<p>Plasma IL-1β (A) and IL-6 (B) protein content. Values are mean ± SEM. Diaphragm IL-1β (C) and IL-6 (D) mRNA expression. Values are median (with 10^th and 90^th centiles). * p<0.05 compared to Sal/Sal; ^# p<0.05 compared to Sal/LPS.</p

Lamb descriptive data and measures of diaphragm contractile function.

<p>L₀—optimal muscle length; TTP—time to peak and 1/2 RT—half relaxation time of twitch contraction; df/dt—rate of force development; (FI index; lower value indicates increased fatigability). Values are mean ± sem.</p><p><b>*</b><b>—</b>significantly different to Sal/Sal (p<0.05).</p><p>^#—significantly different to Sal/LPS (p<0.05)</p><p>Lamb descriptive data and measures of diaphragm contractile function.</p

Phenotypic data of untreated C57, untreated mdx and taurine treated mdx, including body and liver and quad and EDL weight (wt), tibia length and EDL cross sectional area (CSA).

<p>Phenotypic data of untreated C57, untreated mdx and taurine treated mdx, including body and liver and quad and EDL weight (wt), tibia length and EDL cross sectional area (CSA).</p

Beneficial effects of high dose taurine treatment in juvenile dystrophic mdx mice are offset by growth restriction - Fig 5

<p><b>Liver content (A) and activity (B) of cysteine dioxygenase, content of cysteine sulfinate (C) and cysteine sulfinate decarboxylase (D) in untreated C57, untreated mdx and taurine treated mdx mice.</b> CD = cysteine dioxygeasne, CS = cysteine sulfinate, CSD = cysteine sulfinate decarboxylase. Symbols for significant differences (p<0.05) are- * = between untreated mdx and C57, $ = between untreated mdx and taurine treated mdx and # between taurine treated mdx and C57. Data are presented as mean ± SEM and n = C57 (8), mdx (8) and taurine treated (8). Representative blots are shown, proteins were standardised to total protein using stain-free gels. From the same stain-free gel image, the loading of albumin is shown.</p

Le Courrier

30 septembre 18411841/09/30 (N273)