Effect of Flux in Submerged Arc Welding- A Review

Submerged arc fluxes play a very complex role during the welding process. Besides protecting the weld pool and influencing the bead geometry, fluxes also melt in a specific temperature range, refine the weld metal, as well as take part in slag metal reaction before finally being removed as slag. Welding flux constitutes nearly half of the cost in SAW process. Over the years, development of better welding flux compositions in terms of mechanical properties and productivity, which are economically cost effective too, has caught the eye of many researchers. In the present review paper, research work carried out by various researchers in the field of welding flux development has been reviewed

Effect of Process Parameter in SAW- A Review

In research organizations and industries, most widely used welding methods are shield metal arc welding (SMAW), gas metal arc welding (GMAW), gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) and submerged arc welding (SAW). The SAW process is often preferred because it offers high production rate, high melting efficiency, ease of automation and low operator skill requirement. This study expose the different works have been done in the past for improving different properties of welded material. This study also exhibits the effect of different welding process parameters that affect the weld chemistry. Depending upon the requirement the details of past work will we easily obtained for future work with the help of this study

TEAR GASES AND HEALTH

Use of tear gases to control civil unrest is accepted practice by government authorities worldwide, in spite of their harmful effects in human health and its ban by different organization. The most commonly used riot control agents used as fumigant includes pepper spray, popularly known as OC (Oleoresin Capsicum) and different types of tear gases which are o-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile, known commonly as CS, omega-chloroacetophenone, known as CN, and dibenz 1,4-oxazepine, known as CR and different types of solvent used to disperse these agents. These gases are responsible for not only the acute and chronic health effects but also for the significant economic loss. Investigations shows that CS, CN, OC, CR and methylene chloride (the solvent used to disperse these agents) are responsible for acute and chronic health effects ranging from severe flu-like symptoms, to pulmonary edema and acute respiratory distress, to chromosome aneuploidy in germ and somatic cells, which may leads to birth defects in offspring and cancer. The only immediate physical symptoms developed by a victim of these gases are the irritating and immediately debilitating effects of the CN or CS itself. Apparently, the immediate acute effects of the gas wear off within ten to fifteen minutes. Although the chemical agents have been used for many years, full extent of effects on health is far beyond our understanding. All manufacturers and the police department must disclose the material data safety sheets of all chemicals used in crowd control and strictly follow the guidelines for deployment. Manufacturers should be responsible for the acute and chronic health effects of the chemicals they create and government should take responsibility for after care. Key Words: Tear gases, Health hazards, Nepal

Seasonal modulation of seismicity in the Himalaya of Nepal

International audience[1] For the period 1995 –2000, the Nepal seismic network recorded 37 ± 8% fewer earthquakes in the summer than in the winter; for local magnitudes ML > 2 to ML > 4 the percentage increases from 31% to 63% respectively. We show the probability of observing this by chance is less than 1%. We find that most surface loading phenomena are either too small, or have the wrong polarity to enhance winter seismicity. We consider enhanced Coulomb failure caused by a pore-pressure increase at seismogenic depths as a possible mechanism. For this to enhance winter seismicity, however, we find that fluid diffusion following surface hydraulic loading would need to be associated with a six-month phase lag, which we consider to be possible, though unlikely. We favor instead the suppression of summer seismicity caused by stress-loading accompanying monsoon rains in the Ganges and northern India, a mechanism that is discussed in a companion article

Effect of Fodder Demonstrations in Rainfed Multi-location Conditions of Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand

Presently green fodder availability is 64.66 M tons and dry fodder (64.23 M tons.) in Uttar Pradesh, India., the green fodder deficit is 28.3% and dry fodder surplus by 14.1% respectively. Whereas, in Uttrakhand. Green fodder availability is 4.07 M tons and dry fodder 2.83 M tons, green fodder deficit is 48.1% and dry fodder 42.1%. There are many limitations affecting the forage production such as small holding of farmers and preferential need of food grains crops, limited availability of quality seed of improved varieties of fodder crops, low priority for investment in fodder production by the farmers. There is varied problem soils (acid, salt affected and water logged) prevailing in the area, lack of post harvest management for surplus fodder, no priority for fodder seed production by the farmers/seed producing agencies, no MSP for any of the fodder crops and lack of mechanization in fodder farming. Therefore, Nation Initiative on Fodder Technology Demonstrations will focus on increasing productivity through adoption of improved and appropriate technology best suited to the agro-climatic conditions in the zone in both arable and non-arable land. The objective of the technology demonstration is i). Accelerating production of fodder through promotion of fodder production, conservation and utilization enhancing the availability of the fodder throughout the year ii). Developing seed and planting material demonstrations units at KVK for fulfill the requirements of their vicinity. iii). Establishing back ward and forward linkages with different stake holders for profitable forage based life style husbandry

Naturally split supersymmetry

Nonobservation of superparticles till date, new Higgs mass limits from the CMS and ATLAS experiments, WMAP constraints on relic density, various other low energy data, and the naturalness consideration, all considered simultaneously imply a paradigm shift of supersymmetric model building. In this paper we perform, for the first time, a detailed numerical study of brane-world induced supersymmetry breaking for both minimal and next-to-minimal scenarios. We observe that a naturally hierarchical spectrum emerges through an interplay of bulk, brane-localized and quasi-localized fields, which can gain more relevance in the subsequent phases of the LHC run.Comment: 6 pages, 6 eps figures; v2: minor updates, to appear in JHE

Socio-Personal Correlation for Decision-Making and Adoption of Dairy practices

ABSTRAC

Performance of important cultivars of guava (Psidium guajava) under sloppy wasteland conditions of kaymore plateau of Madhya Pradesh

The guava (Psidium guajava L.) cultivar Sangam produced the highest fruits yield/plant followed by Lalit and Shweta. Fruit size and weight was also found maximum in these cultivars. The total soluble solids were recorded maximum in fruits of Shweta followed by Lalit and Sangam. Sugar-acid ratio a criteria for taste was found to be highest in Sangam (40.71) and Lucknow 49 (40.41). These values were statistically at par with values recorded in Shweta, Lalit and Allahabad Safeda cultivars. The cultivars Sangam, Shweta and Lalit had good growth and found to be the best in terms of yield and quality parameters. Thus, on the basis of preliminary evaluation, it can be concluded that the cultivars, Sangam Shweta, and Lalit performed better under sloppy wastelands conditions in comparison to other tested cultivars