Review on Security Issues in Vehicular Adhoc Networks (VANETS)

Primary intent behind this article is to develop an extensive understanding of VANETs; second to classify various types of existing attacks like gray hole attack, black hole attack, phony details attacks Sybil attacks and DOS to classified routing protocols. This article seeks to go over briefly the challenges faced in imparting the many routing attacks

Post-operative hypertension, a surrogate marker of the graft function and predictor of survival in living donor liver transplant recipients: A retrospective study

Background and Aims: De novo hypertension (HTN) in liver transplantation recipients is a known entity. We investigated haemodynamic behaviour after a liver transplant to see if it can predict survival to discharge from the hospital. Methods: electronic records of Haemodynamic parameters and laboratory investigations of 95 patients of living donor liver transplant (LDLT) were retrospectively analysed. Results: Twenty-three patients were operated for acute liver failure (ALF) and 72 patients for chronic liver disease (CLD). Eight patients of CLD and four of ALF did not survive. CLD patients had statistically significant rise in systolic blood pressure from the post-operative day (POD) 1 to POD 4 and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) from POD 3 to POD 6. Heart rate (HR) significantly decreased from POD 3 to POD 5. Haemodynamic parameters returned to baseline values within 20 days. Diastolic HTN had a positive predictive value of 100% for survival with 100% sensitivity and specificity. Systolic HTN had a positive predictive value of 100% for survival (sensitivity-89%, specificity-100%). ALF patients had a significant decrease in HR from POD 2 to POD 10. Bradycardia (HR ≤60/min) had a positive predictive value of 100% for survival with a sensitivity of 45% and 58% in CLD and ALF, respectively, with a specificity of 100% in both the groups. Non-survivors had no significant change in haemodynamics. In CLD group, International Normalised Ratio had statistically significant, strong negative correlation with DBP. Conclusion: Haemodynamic pattern of recovery may be used for predicting survival to discharge after LDLT