Virulence Factors Present In Strains Of Porcine Enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli Isolated In Brasil [fatores De Virulencia Em Amostras De Escherichia Coli Enteropatogenicas Para Suinos Isoladas No Brasil]

[No abstract available]161213

Different Lethal Effects By Enzyme-generated Triplet Indole-3-aldehyde In Different Escherichia Coli Strains

Strains of Escherichia coli which lack 4-thiouridine (S4U) exhibit a higher survival rate than their wild-type parents which contain S4U after treatment with enzyme-generated triplet indole-3-aldehyde. In a similar manner to results obtained with monochromatic 334 nm UV light, the survival is related to single-strand breakage of DNA in E. coli containing the pBR 322 plasmid. The effects of the excited states generated by an enzymatic system suggest that S4U is an important chromophore in the lethal effects observed. The results also suggest that the energy transferred from triplet indole-3-aldehyde to S4U may also be passed from S4U of T-RNA to DNA, possibly through a singlet oxygen intermediate generated by excited S4U, resulting in a decrease in the survival rate of E. coli containing S4U. These results emphasize the importance of excited states in biological systems. © 1990.44371378Peak, Peak, Nerad, The role of 4-thiouridine in lethal effects and in DNA backbone breakage caused by 334 nm ultraviolet light in Escherichia coli (1983) Photochem. Photobiol., 37, pp. 169-172De Mello, De Toledo, Durán, Photo- and biophotoenergized cycloaddition of indole-3-aldehyde to uridine (1981) Acta Sud Am. Quim., 1, pp. 135-141Durán, Brunet, Gallardo, An experiment in photochemistry α-Oxidation of indole-3-acetic acid catalyzed by peroxidase (1984) Biochemical Education, 12, pp. 173-178Durán, Cadenas, The role of singlet oxygen and triplet carbonyls in biological systems (1987) Reviews of Chemical Intermediates, 8, pp. 147-187De Mello, De Toledo, Haun, Cilento, Durán, Excited indole-3-aldehyde from peroxidase catalyzed aerobic oxidation of indole-3-acetic acid. Reaction with and energy transfer to transfer-ribonucleic acid (1980) Biochemistry, 19, pp. 5270-5275De Mello, de Toledo, Aoyama, Sarkar, Cilento, Durán, Peroxidase-generated triplet indole-3-aldehyde adds to uridine bases and excites the 4-thiouridine group in t-RNA(Phe) (1982) Photochem. Photobiol., 36, pp. 21-24Durán, Marcucci, De Mello, Faljoni-Alario, Enzymatically generated electronically excited molecules induce transformation of 4-thiouridine to uridine (1983) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 117, pp. 923-929Durán, De Mello, Photobiochemistry of 4-thiouridine in E coli t-RNA (1983) Photochemistry and Photobiology, 37, p. S11De Toledo, Zaha, Durán, DNA strand scission in E. coli by electronically excites state molecules generated by enzymatic systems (1982) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 104, pp. 990-995Menck, Cabral Neto, Faljoni-Alario, Alcantara-Gomes, Damage induced in λ-phase DNA by enzyme-generated triplet acetone (1985) Mutat. Res., 165, pp. 9-14Guillo, De Toledo, Durán, Attemptet detection by fluorescence probes of DNA modifications produced by bioenergized triplet acetone (1983) Photobiochem. Photobiophys., 6, pp. 177-186Nassi, Schiffmann, Fabre, Adam, Fuchs, Induction of the SOS function sfiA in E. coli by systems which generate triplet ketones (1988) Mutat. Res., 198, pp. 53-60Durán, Marcucci, De Mello, Leite, Faljoni-Alario, DNA modification through biophotoenergized processes on t-RNA (1984) Photochem. Photobiol., 39, p. 80SDurán, Marcucci, Gatti, Leite, Lethal effect and DNA breakage caused by biophotoenergized indole-3-aldehyde in E. coli (1986) Int. Symp. on Free Radicals and Excited State in Biological Systems, Buenos Aires, , Abstract 16Birnboim, Doty, A rapid alkaline extraction procedure for screening recombinant plasmid DNA (1979) Nucleic Acids Research, Z, pp. 1513-1520Durán, Faria-Furtado, Faljoni-Alario, Campa, Brunet, Freer, Singlet oxygen generation from the peroxidase-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of an activated —CH substrate (1984) Journal of Photochemistry, 25, pp. 285-295Hardwick, Von Sprecken, Yielding, Yielding, Ethidium binding sites in plasmid DNA determined by photoaffinity labeling (1984) J. Biol. Chem., 159, pp. 11090-11097Hass, Webb, Photodynamic effects of dyes on bacteria. I. V. Lethal effects of acridine orange and 460 or 500 nm monochromatic light in strains of Escherichiacoli that differ in repair capability (1981) Mutat. Res., 81, pp. 277-285Salet, Bazin, Moreno, Favre, 4-Thiouridine as photodynamic agent (1985) Photochemistry and Photobiology, 41, pp. 617-619Thomas, Favre, 4-Thiouridine triggers both growth delay induced by near-ultraviolet light photoprotection (1980) Eur. J. Biochem., 113, pp. 825-834Tsai, Jagger, The roles of the Rel(+) gene and of 4-thiouridine in killing photoprotection of Escherichia coli by near ultraviolet radiation (1981) Photochem. Photobiol., 33, pp. 825-834Caldeira de Araujo, Favre, Near ultraviolet DNA damage induces the SOS response in Escherichia coli (1986) EMBO J., 5, pp. 175-179Peak, Peak, MacCoss, DNA breakage caused by 334 nm ultraviolet light enhanced by naturally occurring nucleic acid components nucleotide coenzymes (1984) Photochem. Photobiol., 39, pp. 713-716Peak, Peak, Foote, Observation on the photosensitized breakage of DNA by 2-thiouracil and 334 nm ultraviolet radiation (1986) Photochem. Photobiol., 44, pp. 111-116Town, Smith, Kaplan, DNA polymerase required for rapid repair of X-rays-induced DNA strand breaks in vivo (1971) Science, 171, pp. 851-854Smith, Sargentini, Metabolically produced UV-like DNA damage and its role in spontaneous mutagenesis (1985) Photochem. Photobiol., 42, pp. 801-803Durán, Campa, Leite, Cilento, Cadenas, Microsomal lipid peroxidation concomitant to peroxidase-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of indole-3-acetate (1986) Photobiochem. Photobiophys., 11, pp. 281-29

Bluetongue Virus: Production And Study Of Viral Antigen For Serological Diagnosis

A soluble antigen, produced from the culture supernatant of VERO cells infected with bluetongue virus serotype 4 (BTV-S4) and concentrated by sequential ultrafiltration with membranes with cut-off values 103 and 25 × 103 NMWP, showed complete identity to standard antigens when compared by agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) and SDS-PAGE profiles, revealing that the main protein component responsible for the AGID reaction has a molecular weight of about 60 kDa corresponding probably to the NS1 protein. © 1993.4402/03/15281286Adams, Gogolewski, Barbet, Cheevers, Identification of caprine arthritisencephalitis retrovirus proteins in immunodiffusion precipitin line (1985) J. Gen. Virol., 66, pp. 1139-1143Campbell, Grubman, Current knowledge on the biochemistry and immunology of bluetongue (1985) Prog. Vet. Microbiol. Immunol., 1, pp. 58-79Eaton, Hyatt, White, Localization of the nonstructural protein NS1 in bluetongue virus-infected cells and its presence in virus particles (1988) Virology, 163, pp. 527-537Hubschle, Yang, Immunodiffusion studies with bluetongue virus using an isolated core protein (1983) Proc. Am. Assoc. Vet. Lab. Diagn., 26, pp. 725-730Huismans, Protein synthesis in bluetongue virus-infected cells (1979) Virology, 92, pp. 385-396Huismans, Cloete, A comparison of different cloned bluetongue virus genome segments as probes for the detection of virus-specified RNA (1987) Virology, 158, pp. 373-380Huismans, Els, Characterization of the tubules associated with the replication of three different orbiviruses (1979) Virology, 92, pp. 397-406Huismans, Bremer, Barber, The nucleic acid and proteins of epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (1979) J. Vet. Res., 46, pp. 51-58Jochim, Chow, Immunodiffusion of bluetongue virus (1969) Am. J. Vet. Res., 30, pp. 33-41Jochim, Improvement of the AGP test for bluetongue (1976) Proc. Am. Assoc. Vet. Lab. Diagn., 19, pp. 361-376Jochim, Pearson, Protocol for the immunodiffusion test for bluetongue (1979) Proc. Am. Assoc. Vet. Lab. Diagn., 22, pp. 463-471Jochim, An overview of diagnostics for bluetongue (1985) B. Jochim, Bluetongue and Related Orbiviruses, pp. 423-433. , Alan R. Liss, New YorkKlontz, Svehag, Gorhan, A study by the agar diffusion technique of precipitating antibody directed against blue tongue virus and its relation to hemotypic neutralizing antibody (1962) Archiv f�r die gesamte Virusforschung, 2, pp. 259-272Knudson, Shope, Overview of the orbiviruses (1985) B. Jochim. Bluetongue and Related Orbiviruses, pp. 255-266. , Alan R. Liss, New YorkLaemmli, Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4 (1970) Nature, 227, pp. 680-685Matthews, Classification and nomenclature of viruses (1982) Fourth Rep. Int. Com. Tax. Vir. Intervirol., 17, pp. 1-199Mechan, Dean, Jochim, Correlation of serotype specificity and protein structure of the five U.S. serotypes of bluetongue virus (1986) J. Gen. Virol., 67, pp. 2617-2624Ranger, Brown, Bluetongue/epizootic haemorrhagic disease agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) antigen (1985) NVSL Diagnostic Reagents Production Guide No. R-63/94, pp. 1-4Verwoerd, Els, De, Huismans, Structure of the bluetongue virus capsid (1972) J. Virol., 10, pp. 783-794Verwoerd, Huismans, Studies on the in vitro and the in vivo transcription of the bluetongue virus genome (1972) Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res., 39, pp. 185-192Urakawa, Roy, Bluetongue virus tubules made in insect cells by recombinant baculoviruses: expression on the NS1 gene of bluetongue virus serotype 10 (1988) J. Virol., 62, pp. 3919-3927Wang, Luedke, Chow, Soluble antigen of bluetongue virus (1972) Inf. Immunol., 5, pp. 467-47

Rotavirus Excretion In Naturally Infected Pigs With And Without Diarrhoea

Seven hundred and fifty faecal samples from piglet ranging from 1 to 60 days old were studied for the presence of group A rotavirus by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). From 451 diarrhoeic pigs, 117 (25.94%) were positive for rotavirus and only 45 (15.05%) of 299 pigs without diarrhoea excreted the virus (P < 0.005). When these animals were separated into four age groups with regard to the presence or absence of diarrhoea, it was observed that the excretion of rotavirus was associated with diarrhoea in piglets, both before and after weaning. © 1993.3701/02/15187190Alpers, Sandres, Hampson, Rotavirus excretion by village pigs in Papua New Guinea (1991) Austr. Vet. J., 68, pp. 65-67Benfield, Stotz, Moore, McAdhragh, Shedding of rotavirus in faeces of sows before and after farrowing (1982) J. Clin. Microbiol., 161, pp. 186-190Bohl, Rotaviral diarrhea in pigs: brief review (1979) J. Am. Vet. Med., 174, pp. 613-615Fu, Hampson, Group A rotavirus excretion patterns in naturally infected pigs (1987) Res. Vet. Sci., 43, pp. 297-300Herring, Inglis, Ojeh, Snodgrass, Menzies, Rapid diagnosis of rotavirus infection by directed detection of viral nucleic acid in silver stained polyacrylamide gels (1982) J. Clin. Microbiol., 16, pp. 473-477Laemmli, Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4 (1970) Nature (London), 227, pp. 680-685Pereira, Azevedo, Leite, Andrade, de Castro, A combined enzyme immunoassay for rotavirus and adenovirus (EIARA) (1985) Journal of Virological Methods, 10, pp. 21-28Tzipori, Chandler, Smith, Makin, Hennessy, Factors contributing to postweaning diarrhea in a large intensive piggery (1980) Aust. Vet. J., 56, pp. 274-27

Changing Distribution Of Human Rotavirus Serotypes During Two Epidemic Outbreaks Of Gastroenteritis In Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil, 2003-2004: Detection Of G6 Strains

Background: Rotavirus serotypes G1-G4 and G9 are the most important agents of severe diarrhea in children worldwide. Objective: To characterize rotavirus serotypes/genotypes causing two large outbreaks of diarrhea in Campinas, São Paulo, during 2003-2004. Study: Rotavirus infection was investigated in 328 stool specimens collected from children and adults with diarrhea by PAGE and RT-PCR and further characterized by semi-nested PCR-typing assays. Results: G3P[8] (26.1%), G9P[8] (18.7%) and G1P[8] (17.9%) were the most frequently detected serotypes/genotypes. G1P[8] was predominant in 2003, but significantly decreased the following year when G3P[8] and G9P[8] prevailed. G5P[8] was identified in about 9% of the typed specimens from each year consistent with its endemic nature in Brazil for over two decades. The other globally common serotypes (G4P[8] and G2P[4]), uncommon G-P combinations, and multiple G serotypes were also found. Rarely found in humans, and not previously reported in Brazil, serotype G6 was identified in three specimens obtained from children in 2004. Conclusion: Multiple rotavirus serotypes were observed co-circulating in the city with serotype predominance changing between the two-year study. This study provides pre-vaccine baseline information on locally endemic strains that might help analysis of post-vaccine data. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.432244246Kapikian, A.Z., Hoshino, Y., Chanock, R.M., Rotaviruses (2001) Fields virology. 4th ed., pp. 1787-1833. , Knipe D.M., and Howley P.M. (Eds), Lippincott-Raven, PhiladelphiaBryce, J., Boschi-Pinto, C., Shibuya, K., Black, R., WHO estimates of causes of death in children (2005) Lancet, 365, pp. 1147-1152. , WHO Child Health Epidemiology Reference GroupEstes, M.K., Rotaviruses and their replication (2001) Fields virology. 4th ed., pp. 1747-1785. , Knipe D.M., Howley P.M., and Griffin D.E. (Eds), Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, PhiladelphiaGlass, R.I., Parashar, U.D., Bresee, J.S., Turcios, R., Ficher, T.K., Widdowson, M.A., Rotavirus vaccines: current prospects and future challenges (2006) Lancet, 368, pp. 323-368Timenetsky, M.C.S.T., Santos, N., Gouvea, V., Survey of rotavirus G and P types associated with human gastroenteritis in São Paulo, Brazil, from 1986 to 1992 (1994) J Clin Microbiol, 32, pp. 2622-26224Gouvea, V., Brantly, M., Is rotavirus a population of reassortants? (1995) Trends Microbiol, 3, pp. 159-162Gouvea, V.S., Santos, N., Molecular epidemiology of rotavirus in Brazil: a model for the tropics? (1997) Virus Rev Res, 2, pp. 15-24Carmona, R.C., Timenetsky, M.C.S.T., Morillo, S.G., Richtzenhain, L.J., Human rotavirus serotype G9, São Paulo, Brazil, 1996-2003 (2006) Emerg Infect Dis, 12, pp. 963-968Salinas, B., Schael, I.P., Linhares, A.C., Ruiz-Palácios, G.M., Guerrero, M.L., Yarzábal, J.P., Evaluation of safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of an attenuated rotavirus vaccine, RIX4414 (2005) Pediatr Infect Dis J, 24, pp. 807-816Ruiz-Palacios, G.M., Pérez-Schael, I., Velázquez, F.R., Abate, H., Breur, T., Clemens, S.C., Safety and efficacy of an attenuated vaccine against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis (2006) N Engl J Med, 354, pp. 11-22Herring, A.J., Inglis, N.F., Ojeh, C.K., Snodgrass, D.R., Menzies, J.D., Rapid diagnosis of rotavirus infection by direct detection of viral nucleic acid in silver-stained polyacrylamide gels (1982) J Clin Microbiol, 16, pp. 473-477Gouvea, V., Glass, R.I., Woods, P., Tanigushi, K., Clark, H.F., Forrester, B., Polymerase chain reaction amplification and typing of rotavirus nucleic acid from stool specimens (1990) J Clin Microbiol, 28, pp. 276-282Gouvea, V., Santos, N., Timenetsky, M.C.S.T., Identification of bovine and porcine rotavirus G types by PCR (1994) J Clin Microbiol, 32, pp. 1338-1340Gentsch, J.R., Glass, I.R., Woods, P., Gouvea, V., Gorzigli, M., Flores, J., Identification group A gene 4 types by polymerase chain reaction (1992) J Clin Microbiol, 30, pp. 1365-1373Orestein, E.W., Fang, Z.Y., Xu, J., Liu, C., Shein, K., Qian, Y., The epidemiology and burden of rotavirus in China: a review of the literature from 1983 to 2005 (2007) Vaccine, 25, pp. 406-413Gouvea, V., De Castro, L., Timenetsky, M.C.S.T., Greenberg, H., Santos, N., Rotavirus serotype G5 associated with diarrhea in Brazilian children (1994) J Clin Microbiol, 32, pp. 1408-1409Santos, N., Hoshino, Y., Global distribution of rotavirus serotypes/genotypes and its implication for the development and implementation of an effective rotavirus vaccine (2005) Rev Med Virol, 15, pp. 29-56Gerna, G., Sarasini, A., Parea, M., Arista, S., Miranda, P., Brussow, H., Isolation and characterization of two distinct human rotavirus strains with G6 specificity (1992) J Clin Microbiol, 30, pp. 9-16De Grazia, S., Ramirez, S., Giammanco, G.M., Colomba, C., Martella, V., Lo Biundo, C., Diversity of human rotaviruses detected in Sicily, Italy, over a 5-year period (2001-2005) (2007) Arch Virol, 152, pp. 833-837Samajdar, S., Varghese, V., Barmana, P., Ghosha, U., Mitra, U., Dutta, P., Changing pattern of human group A rotaviruses: emergence of G12 as an important pathogen among children in eastern India (2006) J Clin Virol, 36, pp. 183-188Gouvea, V., Domingues, A.L.S., Naveca, F.G., Pedro, A.R., Bevilacqua, C.C., Changing epidemiology of rotavirus-related hospitalizations in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 2002 to 2006 (2007) The Open Virol J, 1, pp. 47-50Rosa e Silva, M.L., Carvalho, I.P., Gouvea, V., 1998-1999 rotavirus seasons in Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais Brazil: detection of an unusual G3P[4] epidemic strain (2002) J Clin Microbiol, 40, pp. 2837-284

Detection of virulence genes in Escherichia coli strains isolated from diarrheic and healthy feces of dairy calves in Brazil

The aim of this work was to test 101 strains of E. coli for virulence factors associated with enterotoxigenic and enterohemorrhagic pathotypes of E. coli isolated from diarrheic and non-diarrheic calves. The virulence factors of E. coli Stx1 (Shiga toxin), Stx2, Ehly (Enterohemolysin), the eae gene, LT-II (heat-labile enterotoxin), STa (heat-stable toxin), and adhesins K99 and F41 were detected by PCR. Serogroups were determined by serological methods and Stx production was observed by biological assays in Vero cells. The frequency of the eae gene was higher in isolates from diarrheic calves (35/58, 60.3%) than in non-diarrheic calves (8/43, 18.6%; P < 0.001). The gene for Stx1 occurred at high frequencies in the diarrheic strains (24/58, 41.3%) as well as in non-diarrheic (19/43, 44.2%) ones and all strains that were Stx positive by PCR showed cytotoxicity in Vero cells. Stx2 was found in ten strains, Ehly in eight strains, and LT-II in only two strains. Twenty-eight strains were negative for all of the PCR assays, including for F41 and K99 adhesins. The serogroups O7, O23, O4, O8, O153 and O156 were observed most frequently. Our results show that strains of E. coli isolated from cattle have similar virulence factors genes to strains isolated from cases of diseases in humans and may be a source of potentially pathogenic STEC for humans

Colibacillosis In Lambs Is Associated To Type I Heat-stable Enterotoxin In A Farm In São Paulo State, Brazil [colibacilose Em Carneiros é Associada à Enterotoxina Termo-estável Do Tipo I Em Uma Propriedade Rural Do Estado De São Paulo, Brasil]

Twenty seven (48.2%) culture supernatants of 56 Escherichia coli isolated from diarrheic lamb feces (7 to 10 days old) in São Paulo State, Brazil, presented positive results to suckling mice assay (fluid accumulation) but none caused cytopathic effects on Vero and CHO cells, indicating that these strains did not produced LT or VT toxins. PCR assays showed that these 27 E. coli strains harbored estA, that codifies for STa, but not for stx1, stx2 or cnf genes. The positive STa strains were checked for genes that codify for F41, F17 and K99 fimbriae, wich are considered colonization factors in ETEC. Only F17 was detect in two samples (7.4%). Twelve of 27 STa positive carried hlyA gene and presented hemolytic activity in blood Agar. Presence of rotavirus was not detected among the diarrheic feces. These data suggests that STa must be an important diarrheagenic factor to small ruminants in São Paulo State.425854857Bertin, Y., Rapid and specific detection of F17-related pilin and adhesion genes in diarrheic and septicemic Escherichia coli strains by multiplex PCR (1996) Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 34, pp. 2921-2928Beutin, Y., Burgos, L., Common origin of plasmid encoded alpha-hemolysin genes in Escherichia coli (2010) BMC. 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