Incumbent Defense Strategies Against New Product Entry

The objective of this study is to estimate the effectiveness of different defense strategies when faced with a new product introduction by a competitor. Using a sample of in cumbentsacross a wide range of industries, we find that faster reactions to the new entrant have a positive impact on the perceived success of the defense strategy. However, the greater the breadth of reaction (number of marketing mix instruments used), the less successful is the defense. The ability of an incumbent to maintain its market position is also significantly affected by industry characteristics and the degree of competitive threat posed by the new product entry

Statistical analysis of management data

This book offers a comprehensive approach to multivariate statistical analyses. It provides theoretical knowledge of the concepts underlying the most important multivariate techniques and an overview of actual applications

Zakat, & pajak

Zakat maupun pajak bagi umat Islam di Indonesi hukumnya sama-sama wajib. Zakat adalah kewajiban yang harus ditunaikan atas dasar Al-Qur’an dan sunnah. Sedangkan pajak adalah kewajiban atas dasar ketetapan ulil amri-penguasa atau pemerintah, yang dibenarkan oleh ajaran Islam berdasrkan prinsip untuk kepentingan umum. Brbicara soal zakat dan pajak dalam suatu rangkaian kajian, sungguh jarang dilakuakn banyak orang. Biasanya para ulama lebih asyik membahas zakat semata dengan mengabaikan soal pajak. Jika masalah pajak disinggung maka para ulama, mubaligh atau ustadz tidak mau repot membincangkannya karena dianggap pajak adalah urusan pemungut dan para wajib pajak. Sebaliknya, jika orang berbicara masalah pajak maka soal zakat itu tidak mau disinggung-singgung karena menilai itu tidak berkaitan langsung dengan pajak. Semoga buku ini dapat dinikmati semua pihak sehingga dapat memberikan arti bagi kita semua dalam menggerakkan tekad dan langkah untuk menuju kesejahteraan bersama, kesejahteraan semua umat, nusa dan bangsa

Research Issues at the Boundary of Competitive Dynamics and Market Evolution

Building on the observation that competitive dynamics and market evolution are inextricably linked and underresearched, we propose a road map to guide and stimulate future research in the area. A number of rationales have been proposed to explain why there is relatively little research directed toward understanding the links between competitive dynamics and market evolution; these include the predominance of different research paradigms in each area, a lack of data appropriate for analyzing the two areas together, and the difficulty of obtaining robust and significant results with analysis that is by definition complex (it must consider factors and outcomes both across firms and over time). Using this last rationale as a starting point, we develop a series of research propositions related to key relationships where (a) insignificant or contradictory results have been obtained (in extant research) or (b) researchers have yet to delve. The propositions are designed to deepen our understanding of the relationship between the areas. Throughout the analysis, the key to developing the propositions is to recognize the importance of moderating factors, mediating factors, and covariates. In addition, where the approach to empirically test a proposition is new, we propose categories, measures, and comparisons that can be used.competition, market growth, market potential, competitive response, market structure