Minor psychiatric disorders among Brazilian ragpickers: a cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND: Ragpickers are informal workers who collect recyclable materials to earn a small wage. Their life and working conditions are extremely difficult. We examined minor psychiatric disorders (MPD) among a cohort of ragpickers in Pelotas, a city in southern Brazil. METHODS: Ragpickers were matched by sex, age, and years of schooling with a sample of non-ragpickers from the same poor neighborhoods. The cross-sectional study gathered data by interview on 990 individuals in 2004. MPD were assessed using a standard self-reporting questionnaire, the SRQ-20. RESULTS: The prevalence of MPD among ragpickers was 44.7%, higher than reported by neighborhood controls (33.6%; p < 0.001). MPD were more common among females, those of lower economic level, smokers and alcoholics. Among occupational characteristics, MPD prevalence was associated with frequent static postures, low job satisfaction and recent work accidents. CONCLUSION: Ragpickers more frequently report MPD than other poor workers living in the same neighborhoods, with many of the same life conditions. Improving the work lives of these precarious workers should address not only the physical hazards of their jobs but their mental and emotional health as well

Ícones para mapas de riscos: uma proposta construída com os trabalhadores Icons for occupational risk maps: a proposal developed with workers

Em estudo realizado na indústria da alimentação de Pelotas, utilizou-se a metodologia do Modelo Operário para elaborar mapas de riscos. Inicialmente, representaram-se os grupos de riscos por meio de figuras geométricas, com graduação de tamanho para caracterizar a intensidade. Notou-se que estas tinham pouco significado para o trabalhador. Além disso, com a agregação de riscos com diferentes impactos sobre a saúde, perdia-se o detalhamento da exposição. Como alternativa, desenvolveu-se uma iconografia, partindo da visão do trabalhador. A investigação foi qualitativa e realizou-se em três etapas com sessenta trabalhadores, que sugeriram e selecionaram os ícones mais adequados. A seguir, utilizando-se processo serigráfico, estes foram digitalizados e impressos em adesivos para que o próprio trabalhador pudesse colá-los no mapa de riscos. Cada risco é representado por um ícone e a intensidade de exposição é expressa pela sua cor. Este artigo apresenta estes ícones e o processo desenvolvido para a sua elaboração.<br>The methodology known as the workers' model was used to design risk maps in a study performed in the food-processing industry in Pelotas, in the State of Rio Grande do Sul in southern Brazil. The various types of occupational risks were initially represented by geometric figures, with a size gradient to represent intensity. Joint investigation of these icons showed that they had little meaning for the workers. In addition, risks from a same group (physical, chemical, etc.) but with different impact on health were grouped, thus missing the specificities of exposure. As an alternative, and starting from workers' own risk perceptions, a set of risk icons was developed. The study was done in three steps involving sixty workers, who proposed and selected the most suitable symbols, which were subsequently printed on stickers using silk-screen so that the workers could glue them on the risk maps. Each risk is represented by one icon, and intensity of exposure is defined by color. This paper presents the icons and the process involved in designing them