Regulatory Reform in the Ocean Shipping Industry: An Extraordinary U.S. Commitment to Cartels

This article explores the historical basis for and nature of the existing regulatory model for the U.S. shipping industry, the reasons suggested for the changes under consideration, and the possible impact of the proposed changes. The article concludes that the primary justifications for continued regulation of ocean shipping are flawed and thus require more serious consideration than is likely to occur through the legislative hearing process. Alternatively, if the changes are imperative politically, the facts suggest efficient U.S. liner companies are likely to thrive in a more competitive regime. More radical deregulation than Congress has considered seriously, therefore, might be desirable

Note, Unenumerated Rights – Substantive Due Process, the Ninth Amendment and John Stuart Mill

The Supreme Court has always protected enumerated rights and will, of course, continue to do so, following standards and guidelines it has established. This comment will confine itself to the protection of unenumerated rights. Initially, it will explore the doctrine used in the past to void laws violative of unenumerated rights-substantive due process. Then the ninth amendment will be suggested as a source of protected behavior, with John Stuart Mill\u27s On Liberty being offered as a criterion for the determination of ninth amendment rights

Exports, Banking and Antitrust: The Export Trading Company Act - A Modest Tool for Export Promotion

There is an almost universally held perceptoin that expanded export trade is essential to a robust United States economy. President Carter, for example, stated in a report to Congress that export expansion is critical to the health of our economy. Huge balance of payments deficits in recent years, the increasingly successfuly and visible penetration of United States markets by foreign producers, and substantial unemployment in basic industry have all fuedl this concern. These conditions have led naturally to a two-pronged response by the public and members of Congress: first, the call for greater protection against foreign competition; and second, a substantial effort to establish policies that will promote United States export activities

Business as a Vocation: Implications for Catholic Legal Education

The business culture and laws of the U.S. stress the obligation of corporate managers to maximize the profits of the firm\u27s shareholders. An excessive focus on profits, however, can deny managers any meaningful sense of vocation. It reduces the role of managers, and those who they manage, to mere cogs in the productive processes of their firms. Managers informed by the Catholic social tradition can exercise their responsibilities with a sense of vocation. Catholic professional schools, including law schools, should foster the sense of vocation in graduates by presenting the fundamental principles of Catholic social teaching early in the curriculum and inviting students to apply these principles throughout their studies

The Foreign Trade Antitrust Improvements Act of 1981

This article will explore the effects of the antitrust laws on international trade and the probable reasons for any adverse impact. It will then consider the primary alternative legislative proposal intended to remedy the perceived antitrust barrier to trade, the Export Trade Association Act of 1981. Finally, the article examines the responsiveness of the Antitrust Improvements Act to the problems and the potential hazards of an altered antitrust policy