Aroma volatiles recovered in the water phase of cashew apple (Anacardium occidentale L.) juice during concentration

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)BACKGROUND: There is a considerable loss of volatile compounds during the thermal concentration of cashew apple juice, damaging product quality, and as yet there is little research on the subject. Thus the purpose of this research was to identify the aroma volatiles evaporated off from cashew apple juice and recovered in the water phase during concentration of this beverage in an industrial plant. Water phase volatiles were extracted using dichloromethane, concentrated under a nitrogen flow, separated by gas chromatography (GC) and identified by GC-mass spectrometry. In order to determine the contribution of each volatile to the cashew aroma, five trained judges evaluated the GC effluents using the Osme GC-olfactometry technique. RESULTS: 71 volatiles were identified; of these, 47 were odour active. Alcohols were preferentially recovered in the cashew water phase, notably heptanol, trans-3-hexen-1-ol and 3-methyl-1-butanol, representing 42% of the total chromatogram area and imparting green grass and fruity aroma notes to the water phase. Esters represented 21% of the total chromatogram area, especially ethyl 2-hydroxyhexanoate, ethyl trans-2-butenoate and ethyl 2-methylbutanoate, and were responsible for the fruity/cashew-like aroma of the water phase. On the other hand, 3-methylbutanoic and 2-methylbutanoic acids were the volatiles that presented the greatest odour impact in the GC effluents of the water phase. CONCLUSION: Overall, the results of the present study strongly indicated that further concentration of the esters recovered in the water phase, either by partial distillation or by alternative technologies such as pervaporation, could generate a higher-quality natural cashew apple essence. (C) 2011 Society of Chemical Industry911018011809Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Bank of Interamerican Regional Development (BIRD)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Aroma compounds derived from the thermal degradation of carotenoids in a cashew apple juice model

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)The thermal degradation of carotenoids in cashew apple (Anacardium occidentale L) juice leads to changes in the beverage colour, and possibly in the aroma and flavour, although the latter hypothesis has not yet been properly investigated. Thus the objective of this study was to investigate the formation of odour active volatiles derived from the thermal degradation of carotenoids in a cashew apple juice model. A carotenoid extract in an acidic aqueous medium was submitted to 60 and 90 degrees C for 1 and 2 h. The non-volatile compounds were identified by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with a photodiode array and mass spectrometry detectors (HPLC-PDA). The volatiles were isolated by headspace-solid phase micro-extraction, separated by gas chromatography, identified by mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS) and their odour significance assessed by GC-Olfactometry. Thirty-three odour active volatiles were identified in the heated system, amongst which 1,2,3,5-tetramethylbenzene, naphthalene and p-xylene. The results indicated that the volatiles formed from the thermal degradation of the carotenoids influence the aroma and flavour of thermally processed cashew apple products. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.56108114Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Assessment of aroma impact compounds in a cashew apple-based alcoholic beverage by GGMS and GC-olfactometry

The alcoholic fermentation of cashew apple juice has been investigated as an attempt to develop a novel alcoholic beverage, alternative to wine. The objective of this study was to determine the volatile compounds in this beverage and their role in the aroma. Compounds from the headspace were swept to a Porapak Q trap for 2 h by suction and eluted from the polymer with acetone, separated by HRGC and identified by GC-MS. Five experienced assessors evaluated the GC effluents in three replicates using Osme GC-olfactometry technique. Fermented, fruity and cashew were the beverage primary aroma descriptors. GC-MS and Osme analysis revealed that the esters methyl 3-methyl butyrate, ethyl 3-methyl butyrate, methyl butyrate, ethyl butyrate, trails-ethyl crotonate and methyl 3-methyl pentanoate were important to the sweet, fruity and cashew-like aroma of the beverage. The most unpleasant odor was due to 2-methyl butanoic acid, which was described as sweaty. (C) 2005 Swiss Society of Food Science and Technology. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.39437337