L’ouverture internationale des systèmes d’enseignement

Le recul historique permet de comprendre les rigidités structurelles de systèmes éducatifs qui furent les acteurs de la formation des États-nations. Il permet aussi de reconnaître, au fil des réformes touchant l’enseignement des langues vivantes, de l’histoire et de la géographie, dans les années 1870-1910, les signes précurseurs d’une ouverture qu’imposent aujourd’hui la mondialisation de l’économie et la mobilité croissante

Flux d'oxygène et de sels nutritifs à l'interface eau-sédiment dans le lagon sud-ouest de Nouvelle-Calédonie : enrichissements en ammonium et action d'un inhibiteur de la photosynthèse : méthodes et recueil des données

Le présent document regroupe les méthodes utilisées et les résultats obtenus lors de la mission effectuée par le N.O. ALIS dans le lagon sud-ouest de Nouvelle-Calédonie, du 9 juillet au 10 août 1990. Des enceintes d'incubation ont été mises en oeuvre pour : 1-évaluer le métabolisme aérobie et calculer les flux de sels nutritifs à l'interface eau-sédiment; 2-estimer les flux d'ammonium après enrichissement du milieu; 3-juger de l'action d'un inhibiteur de la photosynthèse, le DCMU (Dichlorophenyl-dimethylurée). La concencration en oxygène de chaque enceinte a été mesurée par une sonde polarographique (YSI 58) reliée à un oxymètre protégé dans un caisson étanche. Au total, 15 stations réparties sur les trois types de fonds reconnus dans le lagon (fonds envasés, fonds de sables gris et fonds de sables blancs) ont été échantillonnées. En premier lieu, trois incubations ont été réalisées à l'obscurité pendant deux heures sur chaque station, pour mesurer les flux d'oxygène et de sels nutritif

Antiherpetic drugs: a potential way to prevent Alzheimer's disease?

BACKGROUND: Considering the growing body of evidence suggesting a potential implication of herpesviruses in the development of dementia, several authors have questioned a protective effect of antiherpetic drugs (AHDs) which may represent a new means of prevention, well tolerated and easily accessible. Subsequently, several epidemiological studies have shown a reduction in the risk of dementia in subjects treated with AHDs, but the biological plausibility of this association and the impact of potential methodological biases need to be discussed in more depth. METHODS: Using a French medico-administrative database, we assessed the association between the intake of systemic AHDs and the incidence of (i) dementia, (ii) Alzheimer's disease (AD), and (iii) vascular dementia in 68,291 subjects over 65 who were followed between 2009 and 2017. Regarding potential methodological biases, Cox models were adjusted for numerous potential confounding factors (including proxies of sociodemographic status, comorbidities, and use of healthcare) and sensitivity analyses were performed in an attempt to limit the risk of indication and reverse causality biases. RESULTS: 9.7% of subjects (n=6642) had at least one intake of systemic AHD, and 8883 incident cases of dementia were identified. Intake of at least one systemic AHD during follow-up was significantly associated with a decreased risk of AD (aHR 0.85 95% confidence interval [0.75-0.96], p=0.009) and, to a lesser extent with respect to p values, to both dementia from any cause and vascular dementia. The association with AD remained significant in sensitivity analyses. The number of subjects with a regular intake was low and prevented us from studying its association with dementia. CONCLUSIONS: Taking at least one systemic AHD during follow-up was significantly associated with a 15% reduced risk of developing AD, even after taking into account several potential methodological biases. Nevertheless, the low frequency of subjects with a regular intake questions the biological plausibility of this association and highlights the limits of epidemiological data to evaluate a potential protective effect of a regular treatment by systemic AHDs on the incidence of dementia

C5b9 Deposition in Glomerular Capillaries Is Associated With Poor Kidney Allograft Survival in Antibody-Mediated Rejection

C4d deposition in peritubular capillaries (PTC) reflects complement activation in antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) of kidney allograft. However, its association with allograft survival is controversial. We hypothesized that capillary deposition of C5b9—indicative of complement-mediated injury—is a severity marker of ABMR. This pilot study aimed to determine the frequency, location and prognostic impact of these deposits in ABMR. We retrospectively selected patients diagnosed with ABMR in two French transplantation centers from January 2005 to December 2014 and performed C4d and C5b9 staining by immunohistochemistry. Fifty-four patients were included. Median follow-up was 52.5 (34.25–73.5) months. Thirteen patients (24%) had C5b9 deposits along glomerular capillaries (GC). Among these, seven (54%) had a global and diffuse staining pattern. Twelve of the C5b9+ patients also had deposition of C4d in GC and PTC. C4d deposits along GC and PTC were not associated with death-censored allograft survival (p = 0.42 and 0.69, respectively). However, death-censored allograft survival was significantly lower in patients with global and diffuse deposition of C5b9 in GC than those with a segmental pattern or no deposition (median survival after ABMR diagnosis, 6 months, 40.5 months and 44 months, respectively; p = 0.015). Double contour of glomerular basement membrane was diagnosed earlier after transplantation in C5b9+ ABMR than in C5b9– ABMR (median time after transplantation, 28 vs. 85 months; p = 0.058). In conclusion, we identified a new pattern of C5b9+ ABMR, associated with early onset of glomerular basement membrane duplication and poor allograft survival. Complement inhibitors might be a therapeutic option for this subgroup of patients

Analyse écorégionale marine de Nouvelle-Calédonie : atelier d'identification des aires de conservation prioritaires

Dans le cadre de l'initiative pour les récifs coralliens du Pacifique sud (CRISP), le WWF-France a souhaité développer un projet pour la protection des récifs et des lagons néo-calédoniens. L'atelier, qui s'est déroulé les 10 et 11 août à Nouméa, avait pour objectif de rassembler les scientifiques et les experts du lagon néocalédonien pour identifier, sur la base de leur connaissance experte, les zones les plus remarquables du lagon (richesse, endémisme, originalité des faunes et flores, espèces emblématiques, zones d'intérêt fonctionnel) sur lesquelles doivent porter en priorité les efforts de conservation. Il a permis d'identifier 20 aires prioritaires pour la conservation, parmi lesquelles 6 ont un intérêt mondial, 4 ont un intérêt sur le plan régional, les autres ayant un intérêt local

Quality of life of patients with hip fracture was better during the COVID-19 period than before, an ancillary study from the HiFIT multicenter study

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic had a global impact on people life, notably because of lockdown periods. This could particularly affected patients suffering from hip fracture, who could have been more isolated during these periods. We aim at evaluating the impact of the COVID-19 period (including lockdown periods) on quality of life (QOL) in older adult patients 90 days after a surgery for a hip fracture.Subject and methodsAncillary study of the prospective randomized controlled HiFIT study. We compared the QOL measured at 90 days after a hip fracture surgery using the EuroQOL-5 dimensions 3 levels (EQ-5D), the Perceived Quality of life (PQOL) and the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) in patients included in the Hifit study before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.ResultsThe characteristics of the 161 patients included before and of the 213 included during the COVID period (including 122 (57%) during COVID with containment periods and 91 (43%) during COVID without containment periods) were similar (mean age 84 ± 10 years; 282 (75%) women). The majority (81%) of the patients alive at 90 days had returned to their previous place of residence in both periods. During the COVID period, EQ-5D showed better patient pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression levels. The PQOL happiness was not different, with around 81% of the patient being “happy” or “very happy” during the two periods and the IADL was also similar during the two periods. In the multivariate analysis odd ratios of having poorer outcomes were increased before COVID for pain/discomfort (OR 2.38, 95%CI [1.41–4.15], p = 0.001), anxiety (OR 1.89 [1.12–3.21], p = 0.017) and mobility (1.69 [1.02–2.86], p = 0.044).ConclusionPatient’s quality of life measured using different scales was not altered during the COVID period compared to before COVID, 90 days after a hip fracture. Surprisingly, the Pain/Discomfort and Anxiety dimensions of the EQ-5D questionnaires were even better during the COVID period.Clinical trial registration:https://clinicaltrials.gov/ (NCT02972294)

Une basilique byzantine à Junca en Byzacène

Garrigue Pierre. Une basilique byzantine à Junca en Byzacène. In: Mélanges d'archéologie et d'histoire, tome 65, 1953. pp. 173-196

O meio escolar e a imagem do Brasil

Houve uma época, não muito longínqua, em que a descoberta do mundo se fazia na escola e em que a cultura escolar alimentava essencialmente o nosso conhecimento sobre outras civilizações próximas ou afastadas no espaço. Este tempo já se foi e para nos convencermos disso basta percorrer o apaixonante programa deste colóquio. Na fixação do nosso saber e, porque não confessá-lo, de nossas idéias preconceituosas e dos nossos estereótipos, os mídias da informação e da cultura, como também o olhar a..

Le milieu scolaire et l’image du Brésil

Il fut un temps qui n’est pas si loin où la découverte du monde se faisait à l’école et où la culture scolaire nourrissait pour l’essentiel notre savoir sur les autres civilisations proches ou plus lointaines dans l’espace. Ce temps est passé et il suffit pour s’en assurer de parcourir le passionnant programme de ce Colloque. Dans la construction de notre savoir et, pourquoi ne pas l’avouer, de nos idées reçues et de nos stéréotypes, les medias d’information et de culture, comme le regard sou..

Traitement hydrophobe de la dentine intra-radiculaire

L'obturation est une étape clé de l'endodontie, elle doit être hermétique afin d'empêcher la recolonisation bactérienne et d'isoler les bactéries emprisonnées. L'utilisation de ciments de scellement à base de silicone ne permet pas d'adhérence chimique. Ce phénomène s'explique par l'absence d'adhésion réelle entre la paroi dentinaire hydrophile et le ciment hydrophobe. Le but de cette thèse est de déterminer l'intérêt d'un traitement hydrophobe de la dentine radiculaire en testant l'étanchéité par perméamétrie gazeuse é l'adhére:lce par push out test. Des images au MES ont également été réalisées.The tilling is a fundamental step of the endodontic treatment, it has to be hermetic to prevent the bacterial recolonization and isolate imprisoned bacteria. The use of hydrophobic sealing concretes let an interstice between concrete and dentin wall. This phenomenon is explained by the lack of rea adhesion between hydrophilic dentin wall and hydrophobic concrete. A study has already described a protocol allowing to make the dentin hydrophobic. This proto col aims to create hydrophobic liaisons and to allow an adhesion between wall and concrete. The aim ofthis discussion is to test this protocol by gas permeametric and push out test. After a rather short resume of proprieties of the elements and products concern by the experience, we will expose our experiences.MONTPELLIER-BU Médecine UPM (341722108) / SudocMONTPELLIER-BU Odontologie (341722110) / SudocMONTPELLIER-BU Médecine (341722104) / SudocSudocFranceF