Atención del paciente con la asociación VIH y tuberculosis

La Tuberculosis (TB) continúa siendo la enfermedad oportunista más frecuente en los pacientes con VIH de nuestro medio y es la que tiene mayor impacto en la mortalidad de esta población. En el mundo, cada año se diagnostican 8 millones de casos de tuberculosis y de estos  mueren 1,5 millones en el mismo período, lo cual indica que diariamente mueren 4000 personas  por tuberculosis y de estos  1000 son VIH positivos.  La infección por VIH se ha convertido de lejos en el factor de riesgo más importante para la aparición de tuberculosis, aumentando 20 a 37 veces el riesgo, dado que la inmunosupresión propia de VIH predispone  la adquisición de la infección y facilita la reactivación de formas latentes de la micobacteria.

Sweet music influences sensory and hedonic perception of food products with varying sugar levels

Reducing sugar intake is an important nutritional goal in most developed countries. Despite the health consequences of excessive sugar consumption (e.g., non-communicable diseases), individuals are often reluctant to shift dietary habits due to the high hedonic appeal of sugar-rich products. Manipulating the intrinsic sensory attributes of foods (such as color or aroma) has been put forward as a promising framework for enhancing taste perception and increasing acceptance of low-sugar products. So far, it is less known whether extrinsic sensory cues may have similar effects. In this within-subjects experiment (N = 106, 64 % women), we tested how auditory stimuli (i.e., music) may impact the perception and acceptance of products varying in sweetness levels. Participants tasted samples of two product categories (vegetables and cookies), with higher (carrots and cookies) and lower sweetness levels (cucumbers and 0 % sugar cookies), while listening to previously tested soundtracks that were strongly (vs weakly) associated with sweetness. Results showed that the high “sweetness” soundtrack increased the sweetness ratings of all products compared to the low “sweetness” soundtrack. Participants also reported higher preference and more favorable intentions of future consumption when the high “sweetness” soundtrack was played. Overall, these findings suggest that extrinsic sensory cues, namely music, may aid in reducing sugar intake by increasing the acceptance of products with lower sugar content

Análisis nutricional: el consumo de calorías de la población pobre en Argentina

Existe una creencia generalizada entre los economistas que la inseguridad alimentaria y el hambre son el resultado de la pobreza. Muchos sostienen que el crecimiento económico y los aumentos en los niveles de ingreso de los hogares pobres mejorarán la habilidad y el deseo de los mismos por adquirir una dieta adecuada, al menos en términos de la energía aportada por los alimentos (calorías). Teniendo en cuenta la dispar distribución de los gastos en alimentos debido a la creciente desigualdad en los niveles de vida de nuestro país, el objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar las deficiencias de nuestra población en la satisfacción de los requerimientos mínimos nutricionales, evaluar el aporte calórico de los distintos grupos de alimentos y cuantificar el grado de sensibilidad de las calorías a las variaciones en el ingreso. Además se realiza un análisis exploratorio para identificar las características de los hogares con deficiencias calóricas. La generación de información para nuestro país sobre estos aspectos es el paso previo para evaluar la eficacia de programas dirigidos a disminuir los niveles de pobreza y desnutrición otorgando subsidios directos en dinero o raciones de alimentos. Además de orientar las decisiones para la producción de alimentos estratégicos en la mejora de los niveles nutricionales de los hogares más carenciados o vulnerables.Fil: Rodríguez, Elsa Mirta M. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales; Argentina.Fil: Garrido, Laura. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales; Argentina.Fil: Gentile, Natacha. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales; Argentina.Fil: Lupín, Beatriz. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales; Argentina

Trabalho docente – mapeando a pesquisa em teses e dissertações brasileiras

This text analyses the contributions of master dissertations and phd thesis that carried out investigations on Teacher´s Work in 23 Brazilian Graduated Programs on Teacher Education, during 1997-2002. This article is part of a bigger research project on The State of Art of Brazilian Teacher Education Programs, whose production, comprehending 792 titles were organized according to seven categories: Theoretical Models and Politics of Teacher Education Programs, Teacher’s Work and Teacher Identity and Professionalization, during the same period. Among these categories, Teacher’s Work was the most investigated: 268 titles. This article shows the contributions of 79 researches on Teaching and School Practices, 89 studies on the representations of the teachers and the school community and 100, on innovative teaching practices .El texto presenta un levantamiento de la investigación sobre Trabajo Docente encontrada en disertaciones y tesis presentadas en 23 programas de pos-grado en educación en Brasil en el periodo de 1997 hasta 2002. Constituye un récord de estudios más amplios sobre el Estado del Conocimiento de la formación profesional de la educación cuya producción compuesta por 792 títulos organizados bajo siete categorías: Modelos Teóricos y Políticas de Formación. Cursos de formación inicial y continuada Trabajo Docente Identidad y Profesionalización Docente. Entre ellas Trabajo Docente fue la más investigada – 268 títulos. Este artículo presenta las contribuciones de 79 pesquisas cuya temática abordó aspectos de las Prácticas Docentes y escolares de 89 estudios que levantaron las representaciones de los profesores y de la comunidad escolar, y de 100 que acompañaron o desarrollaron prácticas docente innovadoras. O texto apresenta um levantamento da pesquisa sobre Trabalho Docente encontrada em dissertações e teses defendidas em 23 programas de pós-graduação em educação do Brasil, no período 1997-2002. Constitui um recorte de estudo mais amplo sobre o Estado do Conhecimento da formação de profissionais da educação, cuja produção, compreendendo 792 títulos, foi organizada de acordo com sete categorias: Modelos Teóricos e Políticas de Formação de Professores, Cursos de Formação Inicial e Continuada, Trabalho Docente, Identidade e Profissionalização Docente. Dentre elas, Trabalho Docente foi o mais investigado – 268 títulos. Este artigo traz as contribuições de 79 pesquisas, cuja temática abordou aspectos das Práticas Docentes e Escolares, de 89 estudos que levantaram as representações dos professores e da comunidade escolar, e de 100 que acompanharam ou desenvolveram práticas docentes inovadoras.

A Master’s Degree research: Proteomic approach on ewe’s cheese.

A MASTER’S DEGREE RESEARCH: PROTEOMIC APPROACH ON EWE’S CHEESE Ana Lúcia Garrido1, Flávio Silva1, Cristina Conceição1,2, Sofia Freitas1 Elsa Lamy2 1Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade de Évora, Portugal; 2ICAAM, Universidade de Évora, Portugal; ABSTRACT A master’s programme structure is usually flexible and involves a comparably dissertation that is based on a research or a practice-led research project. It involves a scientific exploration that helps students obtaining investigation skills and acquiring some transversal competences. The main challenge of this academic process is to build an idea, identify the problematic, organize the hypothesis and stablishing the best methodology to get answers according to the objectives. This master’s degree research was developed within a multidisciplinary project, and the main objective was to investigate which proteomic methodology was better to investigate the degradation of cheese nitrogen fractions, with the resources available at University of Évora. Ewe’s cheeses have great tradition in Portugal, and have a high intrinsic value, arising from their very appreciated unique sensory characteristics, coupled with long-recognized social and economic impacts. Therefore, it’s mandatory to understand the metabolic pathways in cheese ripening, and specifically, proteolysis. Three electrophoretic techniques have been used: urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Urea-PAGE) and sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) for the insoluble fraction of cheese and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) for the soluble fraction. Results showed that urea-PAGE was the best method for cheese insoluble fraction analysis, mainly because it separates proteins not only by molecular mass, but also having charge into account, and since caseins have similar molecular masses SDS-PAGE is not able to separate them (1–3). This research investigation also concluded that both urea-PAGE and 2-DE methods are complementary in the study of proteolysis of ewe’s cheese. Urea-PAGE results showed a degradation of the insoluble fraction, the caseins, during maturation, and the 2-DE showed an increase of the soluble fraction, that according to other results (3) we believe that are peptides resulting from the degradation of caseins. Keywords: ewe’s cheese; proteolysis; electrophoresis; caseins

As trilhas da escrita mediando aprendizagens na formação continuada de alfabetizadoras de escola do campo

In Brazil, universities have an important role in developing In Service Teacher Education Programs, due to the very low rates of achievement in the school system, particularly in the countryside and in poor districts of urban areas. This text shows part of an empirical research project on continued education developed by university researchers with literacy teachers of a countryside school located in the southwest of the State of  Paraná, Brazil. The training was held through written records by the teachers and it was connected to their culture. The experience and its analysis were based on the enunciative and social-historical theory of language and on the view of writing as a production activity. Taken as an instrument and object of research, the literacy teachers’ writing encouraged the transformation of conceptions and practices of literacy, showing a potential to produce autonomy and to involve them in the constitution of knowledge on pedagogical practice. The study revealed he importance of writing for the improvement of their teaching practices, the development of strategies to overcome learning diffi culties in literacy education and the understanding of the social and political aspects of pedagogical practice.Key words: teacher training, writing, literacy, culture.No Brasil, a universidade exerce importante papel na formação continuada de professores, em vista dos baixos desempenhos de estudantes, principalmente nas áreas rurais e periferias das cidades. Neste texto, discute-se o papel da escrita na formação continuada de professoras alfabetizadoras, apresentando experiência desenvolvida por pesquisa universitária com uma escola do campo do sudoeste do Paraná, Brasil. A formação foi conduzida mediante a realização de registros escritos pelas  professoras e articulada à cultura dos sujeitos. Fundamentaram a experiência e sua análise a teoria enunciativa e histórico-cultural da linguagem e a concepção de escrita como atividade produtora. Tomada como instrumento e objeto de pesquisa, a escrita das professoras revelou-se mobilizadora da transformação de concepções e práticas de alfabetização, destacando-se como potencial para produzir autonomia e implicá-las na constituição de conhecimentos sobre a prática pedagógica. O estudo evidenciou a importância da escrita para a melhoria das práticas das professoras, o desenvolvimento de estratégias para superar as dificuldades do processo de ensino e para a compreensão dos aspectos sociais e políticos que enleiam as práticas escolares.Palavras-chave: formação de professores, escrita, alfabetização, cultura

The taste & affect music database: Subjective rating norms for a new set of musical stimuli

Music is a ubiquitous stimulus known to influence human affect, cognition, and behavior. In the context of eating behavior, music has been associated with food choice, intake and, more recently, taste perception. In the latter case, the literature has reported consistent patterns of association between auditory and gustatory attributes, suggesting that individuals reliably recognize taste attributes in musical stimuli. This study presents subjective norms for a new set of 100 instrumental music stimuli, including basic taste correspondences (sweetness, bitterness, saltiness, sourness), emotions (joy, anger, sadness, fear, surprise), familiarity, valence, and arousal. This stimulus set was evaluated by 329 individuals (83.3% women; Mage = 28.12, SD = 12.14), online (n = 246) and in the lab (n = 83). Each participant evaluated a random subsample of 25 soundtracks and responded to self-report measures of mood and taste preferences, as well as the Goldsmiths Musical Sophistication Index (Gold-MSI). Each soundtrack was evaluated by 68 to 97 participants (Mdn = 83), and descriptive results (means, standard deviations, and confidence intervals) are available as supplemental material at osf.io/2cqa5. Significant correlations between taste correspondences and emotional/affective dimensions were observed (e.g., between sweetness ratings and pleasant emotions). Sex, age, musical sophistication, and basic taste preferences presented few, small to medium associations with the evaluations of the stimuli. Overall, these results suggest that the new Taste & Affect Music Database is a relevant resource for research and intervention with musical stimuli in the context of crossmodal taste perception and other affective, cognitive, and behavioral domains

Transport pathways across the West African Monsoon as revealed by Lagrangian Coherent Structures

The West African Monsoon (WAM) system is the main source of rainfall in the agriculturally based region of the Sahel. Understanding transport across the WAM is of crucial importance due to the strong impact of humidity and dust pathways on local cloud formation. However, the description of this transport is challenging due to its 3D complex nature. Lagrangian Coherent Structures (LCS) simplify transport description across the WAM by providing a geometrical partition of the troposphere into domains. Air parcels within each domain have similar dynamical characteristics. LCS make it possible to achieve an integrated vision of transport pathways across this system. Using this approach we unveil new connections in the WAM system. In particular, we identify transport pathways between the Tropical Easterly Jet (TEJ) and the African Easterly Jet (AEJ). Furthermore, the clockwise circulation associated with the divergent upper part of the Sahara heat low is clearly delimitated. Additionally, we show the presence of mixing regions in the AEJ and the lower part of the TEJ that are linked to pathways to sources of dust and humidity