Determining the neutrino mass ordering and oscillation parameters with KM3NeT/ORCA

The next generation of water Cherenkov neutrino telescopes in the Mediterranean Sea are under construction offshore France (KM3NeT/ORCA) and Sicily (KM3NeT/ARCA). The KM3NeT/ORCA detector features an energy detection threshold which allows to collect atmospheric neutrinos to study flavour oscillation. This paper reports the KM3NeT/ORCA sensitivity to this phenomenon. The event reconstruction, selection and classification are described. The sensitivity to determine the neutrino mass ordering was evaluated and found to be 4.4s if the true ordering is normal and 2.3s if inverted, after 3 years of data taking. The precision to measure ¿m2 32 and ¿23 were also estimated and found to be 85.10-6 eV2 and ( +1.9 -3.1)¿ for normal neutrino mass ordering and, 75.10-6 eV2 and ( +2.0 -7.0)¿ for inverted ordering. Finally, a unitarity test of the leptonic mixing matrix by measuring the rate of tau neutrinos is described. Three years of data taking were found to be sufficient to exclude ¿t event rate variations larger than 20% at 3s level.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Search for solar atmospheric neutrinos with the ANTARES neutrino telescope

Solar Atmospheric Neutrinos (SAνs) are produced by the interaction of cosmic rays with the solar medium. The detection of SAνs would provide useful information on the composition of primary cosmic rays as well as the solar density. These neutrinos represent an irreducible source of background for indirect searches for dark matter towards the Sun and the measurement of their flux would allow for a better assessment of the uncertainties related to these searches. In this paper we report on the analysis performed, based on an unbinned likelihood maximisation, to search for SAνs with the ANTARES neutrino telescope. After analysing the data collected over 11 years, no evidence for a solar atmospheric neutrino signal has been found. An upper limit at 90\% confidence level on the flux of solar atmospheric neutrinos has been obtained, equal to 7×10−11 [TeV−1cm−2s−1] at Eν= 1 TeV for the reference cosmic ray model assumed.Postprint (published version

Search for secluded dark matter towards the Galactic Centre with the ANTARES neutrino telescope

Searches for dark matter (DM) have not provided any solid evidence for the existence of weakly interacting massive particles in the GeV-TeV mass range. Coincidentally, the scale of new physics is being pushed by collider searches well beyond the TeV domain. This situation strongly motivates the exploration of DM masses much larger than a TeV. Secluded scenarios contain a natural way around the unitarity bound on the DM mass, via the early matter domination induced by the mediator of its interactions with the Standard Model. High-energy neutrinos constitute one of the very few direct accesses to energy scales above a few TeV. An indirect search for secluded DM signals has been performed with the ANTARES neutrino telescope using data from 2007 to 2015. Upper limits on the DM annihilation cross section for DM masses up to 6 PeV are presented and discussed.Postprint (published version

Sensores Superconductores Para Astrofísica e Información Cuántica

Un sensor de transición superconductora o TES es un termómetro que mide variaciones de temperatura trasformándolas en variaciones de la resistencia. Su alta sensibilidad lo hace un candidato ideal para la medida de radiación de baja energía. Dentro del proyecto astrofísico ATHENA, el equipo de bajas temperaturas de la universidad de Zaragoza trabaja en el desarrollo y caracterización de estos TES. Este trabajo estudia la respuesta de un TES a estímulos de corriente con el objetivo de aportar una caracterización alternativa a los métodos que se usan actualmente

Search for nuclearites with the ANTARES detector

ANTARES is a Cherenkov underwater neutrino telescope operating in the Mediterranean. Its construction was completed in 2008. Even though optimised for the search of cosmic neutrinos, this telescope is also sensitive to nuclearites (massive nuggets of strange quark matter) trough the black body radiation emitted along their path. We discuss here the possible detection of non-relativistic down-going nuclearites with the ANTARES telescope and present the results of an analysis using data collected from 2009 till 2017Article signat per 142 autors/es: B. Belhorma, M. Bendahman, V. Bertin, S. Biagi, M. Bissinger, J. Boumaaza, M. Bouta, M.C. Bouwhuis, H. Brânzas, R. Bruijn, J. Brunner, J. Busto, B. Caiffi, A. Capone, L. Caramete, J. Carr, V. Carretero, S. Celli, M. Chabab,T. N. Chau, R. Cherkaoui El Moursli, T. Chiarusi, M. Circella, A. Coleiro, M. Colomer-Molla, R. Coniglione, P. Coyle, A. Creusot, A. F. Díaz, G. de Wasseige, A. Deschamps, C. Distefano, I. Di Palma, A. Domi, C. Donzaud, D. Dornic, D. Drouhin, T. Eberl, T. van Eeden, D. van Eijk, N. El Khayati, A. Enzenhöfer, P. Fermani, G. Ferrara, F. Filippini, L.A. Fusco, Y. Gatelet, P. Gay, H. Glotin, R. Gozzini, R. Gracia Ruiz, K. Graf, C. Guidi, S. Hallmann, H. van Haren, A.J. Heijboer, Y. Hello, J.J. Hernández-Rey, J. Hößl, J. Hofestädt, F. Huang, G. Illuminati, C.W James, B. Jisse-Jung, M. de Jong, P. de Jong, M. Kadler, O. Kalekin, U. Katz, N.R. Khan Chowdhury, A. Kouchner, I. Kreykenbohm, V. Kulikovskiy, R. Lahmann, R. Le Breton, D. Lefèvre, E. Leonora, G. Levi, M. Lincetto, D. Lopez-Coto, S. Loucatos, L. Maderer, J. Manczak, M. Marcelin, A. Margiotta, A. Marinelli, J.A. Martínez-Mora, K. Melis, P. Migliozzi, A. Moussa, R. Muller, L.Nauta, S.Navas, E.Nezri, B. O’Fearraigh, A. Paun, G.E. Pavalas, C. Pellegrino, M. Perrin-Terrin,V. Pestel, P. Piattelli, C. Pieterse, C. Poirè,V. Popa, T. Pradier,N. Randazzo, S.Reck, G. Riccobene, A. Romanov, A. Sánchez-Losa, F. Salesa Greus, D. F. E. Samtleben, M. Sanguineti, P. Sapienza, J. Schnabel, J. Schumann, F. Schüssler, M. Spurio, Th. Stolarczyk, M. Taiuti, Y. Tayalati, S.J. Tingay, B. Vallage, V. Van Elewyck, F. Versari, S. Viola, D. Vivolo, J. Wilms, S. Zavatarelli5, A. Zegarelli, J.D. Zornoza, and J. ZúñigaPostprint (published version

Search for correlations between high-energy gamma rays and neutrinos with the HAWC and ANTARES detectors

ANTARES is an underwater neutrino detector in the Mediterranean Sea. Its location, reconstruction accuracy for all-flavor neutrino interactions, and low energy threshold, make it the most sensitive neutrino observatory for searches below 100 TeV over large parts of the sky. The HAWC experiment is a water Cherenkov gamma-ray detector located in Mexico. Thanks to its large field of view it is an excellent instrument to observe the very-high energy gamma-ray sky and perform high-sensitivity surveys of the Galactic Plane. The 10-year ANTARES data set and 3-year HAWC point source surveys are used to search for all-flavor neutrino emission in correlation with the highly-significant observations by HAWC in the gamma-ray sky by means of a maximumlikelihood template search. No significant observation for a correlation has been identified and upper limits on the neutrino flux from the HAWC observations have been set.Article signat per 276 autors/es: A. Albert, S. Alves, M. André, M. Anghinolfi, G. Anton, M. Ardid, S. Ardid, J.-J. Aubert, J. Aublin, B. Baret, S. Basa,B. Belhorma, B. Belhorma, M. Bendahman, V. Bertin, S. Biagi, M. Bissinger, J. Boumaaza, M. Bouta, M.C. Bouwhuis, H. Brânzas, R. Bruijn, J. Brunner, J. Busto, B. Caiffi, A. Capone, L. Caramete, J. Carr, V. Carretero, S. Celli, M. Chabab,T. N. Chau, R. Cherkaoui El Moursli, T. Chiarusi, M. Circella, A. Coleiro, M. Colomer-Molla, R. Coniglione, P. Coyle, A. Creusot, A. F. Díaz, G. de Wasseige, A. Deschamps, C. Distefano, I. Di Palma, A. Domi, C. Donzaud, D. Dornic, D. Drouhin, T. Eberl, T. van Eeden, D. van Eijk, N. El Khayati, A. Enzenhöfer, P. Fermani, G. Ferrara, F. Filippini, L.A. Fusco, Y. Gatelet, P. Gay, H. Glotin, R. Gozzini, R. Gracia Ruiz, K. Graf, C. Guidi, S. Hallmann, H. van Haren, A.J. Heijboer, Y. Hello, J.J. Hernández-Rey, J. Hößl, J. Hofestädt, F. Huang, G. Illuminati, C.W James, B. Jisse-Jung, M. de Jong, P. de Jong, M. Kadler, O. Kalekin, U. Katz, N.R. Khan Chowdhury, A. Kouchner, I. Kreykenbohm, V. Kulikovskiy, R. Lahmann, R. Le Breton, D. Lefèvre, E. Leonora, G. Levi, M. Lincetto, D. Lopez-Coto, S. Loucatos, L. Maderer, J. Manczak, M. Marcelin, A. Margiotta, A. Marinelli, J.A. Martínez-Mora, K. Melis, P. Migliozzi, A. Moussa, R. Muller, L.Nauta, S.Navas, E.Nezri, B. O’Fearraigh, A. Paun, G.E. Pavalas, C. Pellegrino, M. Perrin-Terrin,V. Pestel, P. Piattelli, C. Pieterse, C. Poirè,V. Popa, T. Pradier,N. Randazzo, S.Reck, G. Riccobene, A. Romanov, A. Sánchez-Losa, F. Salesa Greus, D. F. E. Samtleben, M. Sanguineti, P. Sapienza, J. Schnabel, J. Schumann, F. Schüssler, M. Spurio, Th. Stolarczyk, M. Taiuti, Y. Tayalati, S.J. Tingay, B. Vallage, V. Van Elewyck, F. Versari, S. Viola, D. Vivolo, J. Wilms, S. Zavatarelli5, A. Zegarelli, J.D. Zornoza, and J. Zúñiga. A.U. Abeysekara, A. Albert, R. Alfaro, C. Alvarez, J.D. Álvarez, J.R. Angeles Camacho, J.C. Arteaga-Velázquez, K. P. Arunbabu, D. Avila Rojas, H.A. Ayala Solares, R. Babu, V. Baghmanyan, A.S. Barber, J. Becerra Gonzalez, E. BelmontMoreno, S.Y. BenZvi, D. Berley, C. Brisbois, K.S. Caballero-Mora, T. Capistrán, A. Carramiñana, S. Casanova, O. Chaparro-Amaro, U. Cotti, J. Cotzomi, S. Coutiño de León, E. De la Fuente, C. de León, L. Diaz-Cruz, R. Diaz Hernandez, J.C. Díaz-Vélez, B.L. Dingus, M. Durocher, M.A. DuVernois, R.W. Ellsworth, K. Engel, C. Espinoza, K.L. Fan, K. Fang, M. Fernández Alonso, B. Fick, H. Fleischhack, J.L. Flores, N.I. Fraija, D. Garcia, J.A. García-González, J. L. García-Luna, G. García-Torales, F. Garfias, G. Giacinti, H. Goksu, M.M. González, J.A. Goodman, J.P. Harding, S. Hernandez, I. Herzog, J. Hinton, B. Hona, D. Huang, F. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, C.M. Hui, B. Humensky, P. Hüntemeyer, A. Iriarte, A. Jardin-Blicq, H. Jhee, V. Joshi, D. Kieda, G J. Kunde, S. Kunwar, A. Lara, J. Lee, W.H. Lee, D. Lennarz, H. León Vargas, J. Linnemann, A.L. Longinotti, R. López-Coto, G. Luis-Raya, J. Lundeen, K. Malone, V. Marandon, O. Martinez, I. Martinez-Castellanos, H. Martínez-Huerta, J. Martínez-Castro, J.A.J. Matthews, J. McEnery, P. Miranda-Romagnoli, J.A. Morales-Soto, E. Moreno, M. Mostafá, A. Nayerhoda, L. Nellen, M. Newbold, M.U. Nisa, R. Noriega-Papaqui, L. Olivera-Nieto, N. Omodei, A. Peisker, Y. Pérez Araujo, E.G. Pérez-Pérez, C.D. Rho, C. Rivière, D. Rosa-Gonzalez, E. Ruiz-Velasco, J. Ryan, H. Salazar, F. Salesa Greus, A. Sandoval, M. Schneider, H. Schoorlemmer, J. Serna-Franco, G. Sinnis, A.J. Smith, R.W. Springer, P. Surajbali, I. Taboada, M. Tanner, K. Tollefson, I. Torres, R. Torres-Escobedo, R. Turner, F. Ureña-Mena, L. Villaseñor, X. Wang, I.J. Watson, T. Weisgarber, F. Werner, E. Willox, J. Wood, G.B. Yodh, A. Zepeda, H. ZhouPostprint (published version

Constraining the contribution of Gamma-Ray Bursts to the high-energy diffuse neutrino flux with 10 years of ANTARES data

Addressing the origin of the observed diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux is one of the main challenges in the context of the neutrino astronomy nowadays. Among several astrophysical sources, Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) are considered interesting candidates to be explored. Indeed, being the most powerful explosions observable in the Universe, they are potentially able to achieve the energetics required to reproduce the neutrino flux. Thus, they are expected to provide at least some contribution to the astrophysical diffuse neutrino flux. Within the framework of the fireball model, mesons can be produced during photo-hadronic interactions occurring in the internal shocks between shells emitted by the central engine; from their decays, high-energy gamma rays and neutrinos are expected to be generated. Within this scenario, the results of a stacked search for astrophysical muon neutrinos performed in space and time coincidence with 784 GRBs in the period 2007-2017 using ANTARES data are presented. The neutrino flux expectation from each GRB detectable by ANTARES was calculated in the framework of the classical internal shock model. Given the absence of coincident neutrinos, the contribution of the detected GRB population to the neutrino diffuse flux is constrained to be less than 10% around 100 TeV. In addition, the systematic uncertainties on the diffuse flux are computed by propagating to the stacked limit the uncertainties on the model parameters for each individual burst.Article signat per 142 autors/es: A. Albert, S. Alves, M. André, M. Anghinolfi, G. Anton, M. Ardid, S. Ardid, J.-J. Aubert, J. Aublin, B. Baret, S. Basa,B. Belhorma, B. Belhorma, M. Bendahman, V. Bertin, S. Biagi, M. Bissinger, J. Boumaaza, M. Bouta, M.C. Bouwhuis, H. Brânzas, R. Bruijn, J. Brunner, J. Busto, B. Caiffi, A. Capone, L. Caramete, J. Carr, V. Carretero, S. Celli, M. Chabab,T. N. Chau, R. Cherkaoui El Moursli, T. Chiarusi, M. Circella, A. Coleiro, M. Colomer-Molla, R. Coniglione, P. Coyle, A. Creusot, A. F. Díaz, G. de Wasseige, A. Deschamps, C. Distefano, I. Di Palma, A. Domi, C. Donzaud, D. Dornic, D. Drouhin, T. Eberl, T. van Eeden, D. van Eijk, N. El Khayati, A. Enzenhöfer, P. Fermani, G. Ferrara, F. Filippini, L.A. Fusco, Y. Gatelet, P. Gay, H. Glotin, R. Gozzini, R. Gracia Ruiz, K. Graf, C. Guidi, S. Hallmann, H. van Haren, A.J. Heijboer, Y. Hello, J.J. Hernández-Rey, J. Hößl, J. Hofestädt, F. Huang, G. Illuminati, C.W James, B. Jisse-Jung, M. de Jong, P. de Jong, M. Kadler, O. Kalekin, U. Katz, N.R. Khan Chowdhury, A. Kouchner, I. Kreykenbohm, V. Kulikovskiy, R. Lahmann, R. Le Breton, D. Lefèvre, E. Leonora, G. Levi, M. Lincetto, D. Lopez-Coto, S. Loucatos, L. Maderer, J. Manczak, M. Marcelin, A. Margiotta, A. Marinelli, J.A. Martínez-Mora, K. Melis, P. Migliozzi, A. Moussa, R. Muller, L.Nauta, S.Navas, E.Nezri, B. O’Fearraigh, A. Paun, G.E. Pavalas, C. Pellegrino, M. Perrin-Terrin,V. Pestel, P. Piattelli, C. Pieterse, C. Poirè,V. Popa, T. Pradier,N. Randazzo, S.Reck, G. Riccobene, A. Romanov, A. Sánchez-Losa, F. Salesa Greus, D. F. E. Samtleben, M. Sanguineti, P. Sapienza, J. Schnabel, J. Schumann, F. Schüssler, M. Spurio, Th. Stolarczyk, M. Taiuti, Y. Tayalati, S.J. Tingay, B. Vallage, V. Van Elewyck, F. Versari, S. Viola, D. Vivolo, J. Wilms, S. Zavatarelli5, A. Zegarelli, J.D. Zornoza, and J. ZúñigaPostprint (published version

Search for a diffuse flux of cosmic neutrinos with the ANTARES neutrino telescope

The previous analysis of the ANTARES all-flavour 12-year neutrino data sample provided the observation of an excess of events, at the highest energies, above the expected atmospheric foregrounds. This excess, even though mild (1.8 sigma), has been found to be consistent in spectral slope and normalisation with the high-energy diffuse cosmic neutrino signal detected by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. Even though the smaller detector size does not provide sufficient statistics to claim an independent discovery, the analysis of ANTARES data can provide valuable information in the study of the high-energy neutrino signal, in particular for what concerns the details of its energy distribution in the case of soft-spectra solutions. To improve the previous ANTARES results, a new event selection has been developed for cascade-like events, relying on a Boosted Decision Tree multivariate-analysis technique. This increased the event statistics in this channel by a factor of 5, while also dramatically reducing the surviving foregrounds and the related systematic uncertainties. This contribution will report on the status of the analysis and the prospects emerging from the use of this new event sample in the search for a diffuse flux of cosmic neutrinos.Article signat per 143 autors/es: A. Albert, S. Alves, M. André, M. Anghinolfi, G. Anton, M. Ardid, S. Ardid, J.-J. Aubert, J. Aublin, B. Baret, S. Basa,B. Belhorma, B. Belhorma, M. Bendahman, V. Bertin, S. Biagi, M. Bissinger, J. Boumaaza, M. Bouta, M.C. Bouwhuis, H. Brânzas, R. Bruijn, J. Brunner, J. Busto, B. Caiffi, A. Capone, L. Caramete, J. Carr, V. Carretero, S. Celli, M. Chabab,T. N. Chau, R. Cherkaoui El Moursli, T. Chiarusi, M. Circella, A. Coleiro, M. Colomer-Molla, R. Coniglione, P. Coyle, A. Creusot, A. F. Díaz, G. de Wasseige, A. Deschamps, C. Distefano, I. Di Palma, A. Domi, C. Donzaud, D. Dornic, D. Drouhin, T. Eberl, T. van Eeden, D. van Eijk, N. El Khayati, A. Enzenhöfer, P. Fermani, G. Ferrara, F. Filippini, L.A. Fusco, Y. Gatelet, P. Gay, H. Glotin, R. Gozzini, R. Gracia Ruiz, K. Graf, C. Guidi, S. Hallmann, H. van Haren, A.J. Heijboer, Y. Hello, J.J. Hernández-Rey, J. Hößl, J. Hofestädt, F. Huang, G. Illuminati, C.W James, B. Jisse-Jung, M. de Jong, P. de Jong, M. Kadler, O. Kalekin, U. Katz, N.R. Khan Chowdhury, A. Kouchner, I. Kreykenbohm, V. Kulikovskiy, R. Lahmann, R. Le Breton, D. Lefèvre, E. Leonora, G. Levi, M. Lincetto, D. Lopez-Coto, S. Loucatos, L. Maderer, J. Manczak, M. Marcelin, A. Margiotta, A. Marinelli, J.A. Martínez-Mora, K. Melis, P. Migliozzi, A. Moussa, R. Muller, L.Nauta, S.Navas, E.Nezri, B. O’Fearraigh, A. Paun, G.E. Pavalas, C. Pellegrino, M. Perrin-Terrin,V. Pestel, P. Piattelli, C. Pieterse, C. Poirè,V. Popa, T. Pradier,N. Randazzo, S.Reck, G. Riccobene, A. Romanov, A. Sánchez-Losa, F. Salesa Greus, D. F. E. Samtleben, M. Sanguineti, P. Sapienza, J. Schnabel, J. Schumann, F. Schüssler, M. Spurio, Th. Stolarczyk, M. Taiuti, Y. Tayalati, S.J. Tingay, B. Vallage, V. Van Elewyck, F. Versari, S. Viola, D. Vivolo, J. Wilms, S. Zavatarelli5, A. Zegarelli, J.D. Zornoza, and J. ZúñigaPostprint (published version

ANTARES search for neutrino flares from the direction of radio-bright blazars

In 2017, a high-energy muon neutrino detected by IceCube was found positionally coincident with the direction of a known blazar, TXS 0506+056, in a state of enhanced 훾-ray emission. Soon after, IceCube reported a compelling evidence for an earlier neutrino flare from the same direction found in the archival data, this time not accompanied by any observed electromagnetic activity. The IceCube findings suggest searching for flaring neutrino emissions from astrophysical sources, not necessarily accompanied by flares detected in y-rays. The analysis presented in this contribution scans the events collected by the ANTARES neutrino telescope in 13 years of data taking in a search for clustering in space and time. The analysis method is based on an unbinned maximum likelihood approach. Generic Gaussian and Box profiles are assumed for the signal time emission, with both the central time and duration of the flare being free parameters in the likelihood maximization. The time-dependent approach is applied to the catalog of radio-bright blazars for which a promising directional correlation with IceCube muon tracks was recently reported [ApJ 894 (2020) 101, ApJ 908 (2021) 157].Article signat per 147 autors/es: A. Albert, S. Alves, M. André, M. Anghinolfi, G. Anton, M. Ardid, S. Ardid, J.-J. Aubert, J. Aublin, B. Baret, S. Basa, B. Belhorma, M. Bendahman, V. Bertin, S. Biagi, M. Bissinger, J. Boumaaza, M. Bouta, M.C. Bouwhuis, H. Brânzaş, R. Bruijn, J. Brunner , J. Busto, B. Caiffi, A. Capone, L. Caramete, J. Carr, V. Carretero, S. Celli, M. Chabab, T. N. Chau, R. Cherkaoui El Moursli, T. Chiarusi, M. Circella, A. Coleiro, M. Colomer-Molla, R. Coniglione, P. Coyle, A. Creusot, A. F. Díaz, G. de Wasseige, A. Deschamps, C. Distefano, I. Di Palma, A. Domi, C. Donzaud, D. Dornic, D. Drouhin, T. Eberl, T. van Eeden, D. van Eijk, N. El Khayati, A. Enzenhöfer, P. Fermani, G. Ferrara, F. Filippini, L.A. Fusco, Y. Gatelet, P. Gay, H. Glotin, R. Gozzini, R. Gracia Ruiz, K. Graf, C. Guidi, S. Hallmann, H. van Haren, A.J. Heijboer, Y. Hello, J.J. Hernández-Rey, J. Hößl, J. Hofestädt, F. Huang, G. Illuminati, C.W James, B. Jisse-Jung, M. de Jong, P. de Jong, M. Kadler, O. Kalekin, U. Katz, N.R. Khan-Chowdhury, A. Kouchner, Y. Y. Kovalev, Yu. A. Kovalev, I. Kreykenbohm, V. Kulikovskiy, R. Lahmann, R. Le Breton, D. Lefèvre, E. Leonora, G. Levi, M. Lincetto, D. Lopez-Coto, S. Loucatos, L. Maderer, J. Manczak, M. Marcelin, A. Margiotta , A. Marinelli, J.A. Martínez-Mora, K. Melis, P. Migliozzi, A. Moussa, R. Muller, L. Nauta, S. Navas, E. Nezri, B. O’Fearraigh, G.E. Păvălaş, C. Pellegrino, M. Perrin-Terrin8 , V. Pestel, P. Piattelli, C. Pieterse, A. V. Plavin, A. Păun, C. Poirè, V. Popa, T. Pradier, A. B. Pushkarev, N. Randazzo, S. Reck, G. Riccobene, A. Romanov, A. Sánchez-Losa, F. Salesa Greus, D. F. E. Samtleben, M. Sanguineti, P. Sapienza, J. Schnabel, J. Schumann, F. Schüssler, M. Spurio, Th. Stolarczyk, M. Taiuti, Y. Tayalati, S.J. Tingay, S. V. Troitsky, B. Vallage, V. Van Elewyck, F. Versari, S. Viola, D. Vivolo, J. Wilms, S. Zavatarelli, A. Zegarelli, J.D. Zornoza, and J. ZúñigaPostprint (published version

Implementation and first results of the KM3NeT real-time core-collapse supernova neutrino search

The KM3NeT research infrastructure is under construction in the Mediterranean Sea. KM3NeT will study atmospheric and astrophysical neutrinos with two multi-purpose neutrino detectors, ARCA and ORCA, primarily aimed at GeV–PeV neutrinos. Thanks to the multi-photomultiplier tube design of the digital optical modules, KM3NeT is capable of detecting the neutrino burst from a Galactic or near-Galactic core-collapse supernova. This potential is already exploitable with the first detection units deployed in the sea. This paper describes the real-time implementation of the supernova neutrino search, operating on the two KM3NeT detectors since the first months of 2019. A quasi-online astronomy analysis is introduced to study the time profile of the detected neutrinos for especially significant events. The mechanism of generation and distribution of alerts, as well as the integration into the SNEWS and SNEWS 2.0 global alert systems are described. The approach for the follow-up of external alerts with a search for a neutrino excess in the archival data is defined. Finally, an overview of the current detector capabilities and a report after the first two years of operation are givenPostprint (published version