Research of the Russian companies’ potential and the success factors

The article presents the results of the key factors of the chemical and petrochemical companies’ success which are in the “Expert-400” rating. This rating includes the most successful companies with highest yields, profits and efficiency. While researching, the grouping of companies according to their industry affiliation to the chemical and petrochemical industry was done. The number of companies affiliated to the selected industry rated as the best ones is 14 or 3% from the total number. One company of each form of ownership to reveal the main regularities and key success factors of the companies of the given industry are taken to be analyzed. The success factors have been identified and researching prospects in the given field have been formulated for a company of each form of ownership.peer-reviewe

Functional characteristic of ski-runners in Komi Republic

Objective: to study functional characteristic of ski-runners from national teams of the Komi Republic. Materials and methods: 43 skiers aged from 16 to 34 (30 men and 13 women) were examined. We determined a number of somatometric, physiometric and physiological parameters of both male and female ski-runners at rest and during the standardized bicycle ergometer tests. The ECG recordings were analyzed using the Ecosan-2007 complex. Results: we found that maximal oxygen consumption and PWC-170 parameters in ski runners living in the North were similar to the average parameters for Russia. Heart rate variability parameters showed predominance of the parasympathetic cardiovascular regulation, especially in men. Conclusions: according to the majority of somatometric, physiometric, and physiological parameters, and to the results of physical capacity tests (MOC, PWC-170) women showed substantially lower results than men. During the standardized bicycle ergometer tests women showed higher «physiological cost» (by pulse, pressure, respiration, ventilation and oxygen consumption parameters) of physical work

Investigation on application of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis for alkaline waste treatment

The stabilization of neptunium(IV) in alkaline solution by chemical reductants under various conditions was studied. Testing showed that neptunium(V) is slowly reduced to Np(IV) by V(IV) at room temperature in alkaline solutions. Increasing temperature accelerates reduction. Complete reduction of 2 x 10{sup -4} M Np(V) occurs in three hours at 80{degrees}C in 1 M NaOH with 0.02 M VOSO{sub 4-}. Under similar conditions, but in 5 M NaOH, only 15 to 20% of the Np(V) was reduced in 5 hours. In all cases, about 98 % of the initial neptunium was found in the precipitate. Thus V(IV) acts both as a reductant and as a precipitation carrier. Tests showed Np(V) reduction by hydrazine hydrate could be catalyzed by Pd(II). Reduction increased with temperature and catalyst concentration and decreased with hydroxide concentration. Reduction of Np(V) also takes place in 1 M NaOH solutions containing 1 M sodium formate and palladium. Increasing temperature accelerates reduction; with three hours` treatment in 5 M NaOH solution at 90{degrees}C, about 95 % of the initial 2 x 10{sup -4} M neptunium(V) is transformed to Np(IV). Organic complexants and organic acid anions hinder the decontamination of alkaline solutions from neptunium and plutonium by coprecipitation with d-element hydroxides (the Method of Appearing Reagents). It was found that ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) and N-(2-hydroxyethyl) ethylenediaminetriacetate (HEDTA) are decomposed by H{sub 2}O{sub 2} in alkaline solution in the presence of cobalt compounds with heating and by Na2S208 at moderate temperatures. Citrate, glycolate, and oxalate are decomposed by Na{sub 2}S{sub 2}O{sub 8} with heating. Oxidant amounts must be increased when NaNO{sub 2} also is present in solution. 8 refs., 25 figs., 16 tabs

Complexation of uranium(VI) and samarium(III) with oxydiacetic acid: Temperature effect and coordination modes

he complexation of uranium(VI) and samarium(III) with oxydiacetate (ODA) in 1.05 mol kg(-1) NaClO4 is studied at variable temperatures (25-70 degreesC). Three U(VI)/ODA complexes (UO2L, UO2L22-, and UO2HL2-) and three Sm(III)/ ODA complexes (SmLj(3-2j)+ with j = 1, 2, 3) are identified in this temperature range. The formation constants and the molar enthalpies of complexation are determined by potentiometry and calorimetry. The complexation of uranium(VI) and samarium(111) with oxydiacetate becomes more endothermic at higher temperatures. However, the complexes become stronger due to increasingly more positive entropy of complexation at higher temperatures that exceeds the increase in the enthalpy of complexation. The values of the heat capacity of complexation (DeltaC(p)degrees in J K-1 mol(-1)) are 95 +/- 6, 297 +/- 14, and 162 +/- 19 for UO2L, UO2L22-, and UO2HL2-, and 142 +/- 6, 198 +/- 14, and 157 +/- 19 for SmL+, SmL2-, and SmL33-, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters, in conjunction with the structural information from spectroscopy, help to identify the coordination modes in the uranium oxydiacetate complexes. The effect of temperature on the thermodynamics of the complexation is discussed in terms of the electrostatic model and the change in the solvent structure

Complexation of U(VI) with 1-Hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic Acid (HEDPA) in Acidic to Basic Solutions

Complexation of U-VI with 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDPA) in acidic to basic solutions has been studied with multiple techniques. A number of 1:1 (UO2H3L), 1:2 (UO2HjL2 where j = +4, +3, +2, +1, 0, and -1), and 2:2 [(UO2)(2)HjL2 where j = +1, 0, and -1] complexes form, but the 1:2 complexes are the major species in a wide pH range. Thermodynamic parameters (formation constants and enthalpy and entropy of complexation) were determined by potentiometry and calorimetry. Data indicate that the complexation of U-VI with HEDPA is exothermic, favored by the enthalpy of complexation. This is in contrast to the complexation of U-VI with dicarboxylic acids in which the enthalpy term usually is unfavorable. Results from electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and P-31 NMR have confirmed the presence of 1:1, 1:2, and 2:2 U(VI)HEDPA complexe

Complexation of U(VI) with malonate at variable temperatures

The complexation between uranium(VI) and malonate in 1.05 mol kg(-1) NaClO4 was studied at variable temperatures (25, 35, 45, 55 and 70degreesC). The formation constants of three successive complexes, UO2(OOCCH2COO), UO2(OOCCH2COO)(2)(2-) and UO2(OOCCH2COO)(3)(4-), and the molar enthalpies of complexation were determined by potentiometry and calorimetry. The heat capacity of the complexation, DeltaCdegrees(p,m(MLj)), is calculated to be 96 +/- 12, 195 +/- 15 and 267 +/- 22 J K-1 mol(-1) for j = 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy helped to characterize the coordination modes in the complexes in solution. UV/Vis absorption and luminescence spectra at different temperatures provided qualitative information on the temperature effect. The effect of temperature on the complexation between uranium(VI) and malonate is discussed in terms of the electrostatic model and compared with the complexation between uranium(VI) and acetate

Hydrolysis of Neptunium(V) at Variable Temperatures (10 - 85 \ub0C)

Neptunium is one of the few radioactive elements that are of great concern in the disposal of nuclear wastes in the geological repository, due to its hazards and the long half-life of the isotope, Np-237 (t(1/2) = 2.14 X 10(6) years). To understand and predict the migration behavior of neptunium in the geological media, it is of importance to study its hydrolysis at elevated temperatures, because the temperature in the waste package and the vicinity of the repository could be high. Moreover, the chemical analogy between neptunium(V) and plutonium(V) adds even greater value to this investigation, because the latter could exist at tracer levels in neutral and slightly oxidizing waters but is difficult to study due to its rather labile redox behavior. In this work. the hydrolysis of neptunium(V) was studied at variable temperatures (10 to 85degreesC) in tetramethylammonium chloride (1.12 mol kg(-1)). Two hydrolyzed species of neptunium(V), NpO2OH(aq) and NpO2(OH)(2)(-), were identified by potentiometry and Near-IR absorption spectroscopy. The hydrolysis constants (*beta(n)) and enthalpy of hydrolysis (DeltaH(n)) for the reaction NpO2+ + nH(2)O = NpO2(OH)(n)((1-n)) + nH(+) (n = 1 and 2) were determined by titration potentiometry and microcalorimetry. The hydrolysis constants, *beta(1) and *beta(2), increased by 0.8 and 3.4 orders of magnitude, respectively, as the temperature was increased from 10 to 85degreesC. The enhancement of hydrolysis at elevated temperatures is mainly due to the significant increase of the degree of ionization of water as the temperature is increased. The hydrolysis reactions are endothermic but become less endothermic as the temperature is increased. The heat capacities of hydrolysis, DeltaC(p1), and DeltaC(p2), are calculated to be -(71 +/- 17) J K-1 mol(-1) and -(127 - 17) J K-1 mol(-1), respectively. Approximation approaches to predict the effect of temperature, including the constant enthalpy approach, the constant heat capacity approach and the DQUANT equation, have been tested with the data

Interaction of Pu(IV,VI) hydroxides/oxides with metal hydroxides/oxides in alkaline media

The primary goal of this investigation was to obtain data on the possibility, extent, and characteristics of interaction of Pu(IV) and (VI) with hydroxides and oxides of d-elements and other metals [Al(III), LA(III), and U(VI)] in alkaline media. Such information is important in fundamental understanding of plutonium disposition and behavior in Hanford Site radioactive tank waste sludge. These results supply essential data for determining criticality safety and in understanding transuranic waste behavior in storage, retrieval, and treatment of Hanford Site tank waste