Open innovation : organizational challenges of a new paradigm of innovation management

The goal of this paper is to analyze the main problems that emerge from the open innovation model. Adopting as analytical framework an organizational perspective we divide the main challenges that arise from the management of open innovation in two main categories: coordination problems as a result of open the innovation system to ideas and knowledge that may lie outside the boundaries of the firm and, incentive problems related with the creation and value capture of ideas an knowledge by the innovator. We describe and analyze several problems related with coordination and incentives.peer-reviewe

European constitutional political economy : enlargement and the crisis of institutional system

The classical “integration process” has reached a critical point and constitutional limits, which make a qualitative change of importance in the system of community government indispensable. Our paper is based on an analysis of the constitutional choices of citizens and governments using a political-economic model, whose main conclusion centres on the need for breaking the central governments’ monopoly in the representation of national interests of the Union’s member states, both at a constitutional level (reform of treaties) and in the institutional balance (decision making).peer-reviewe

Interest groups’ incentives to cooperate in the production of information in the context of the EU policy-making

The literature on information economics serves the European Commission to justify the participation of interest groups in response to problems of asymmetric information in the European Union (EU) policy-making processes. Using the framework of the agency theory, the role of interest groups as information producers is incorporated into a model where the types of conditions in which they would have the incentive to cooperate in the production of information are examined. The results of the model show that the interest group’s expected utility when acting independently is equal to the reserve utility, while it increases when acting cooperatively. It can therefore be concluded that incentives for cooperation in the production of information among interest groups exist. One potential policy implication for the EU is that the EC could decrease the conditions of the contracts, thereby diminishing the costs of obtaining information.peer-reviewe

Analysis on the mechanical effects induced by beam impedance heating on the HL-LHC target dump injection segmented (TDIS) absorber

The High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) Project at CERN calls for increasing beam brightness and intensity. In such a scenario, critical accelerator devices need to be redesigned and rebuilt. Impedance is among the design drivers, since its thermo-mechanical effects could lead to premature device failures. In this context, the current work reports the results of a multiphysics study to assess the electromagnetic and thermo-mechanical behaviour of the Target Dump Injection Segmented (TDIS). It first discusses the outcomes of the impedance analysis performed to characterise the resistive wall and the high order resonant modes (HOMs) trapped in the TDIS structures. Then, their RF-heating effects and the related temperature distribution are considered. Finally, mechanical stresses induced by thermal gradients are studied in order to give a final validation on the design qualit

BIOMARCADORES COMO HERRAMIENTAS PARA LA DETERMINACIÓN DEL ORIGEN DE EMANACIONES DE HIDROCARBUROS: SURGENCIA DE LA LIBERTAD, ECUADOR, AGOSTO 2016

La Península de Santa Elena (Ecuador) es conocida desde tiempos coloniales por la presencia de menes. A finales de agosto de 2016, una surgencia apareció en una playa del Malecón de La Libertad, cercana a una estación de combustibles. Las relaciones de campo, así como las características fisicoquímicas de la emanación no permitieron esclarecer su probable naturaleza antrópica. El propósito de este trabajo es establecer el origen de la emanación a través del estudio de la distribución de biomarcadores, para lo cual fueron tomadas muestras representativas, fraccionadas por cromatografía de columna, y analizada la distribución de alcanos normales, isoprenoides, esteranos y hopanos. La distribución de isoprenoides y la relación pristano/fitano señalan una correlación genética con los crudos de campos cercanos; por otra parte, la presencia de esteranos y terpanos tri-, tetra- y pentacíclicos, son incoherentes con un origen antrópico, ya que su alto peso molecular impediría hallarlos en las fracciones ligeras de un producto refinado de origen antrópico

Influence of temperature, solvent and pH on the selective extraction of phenolic compounds from tiger nuts by-products: Triple-TOF-LC-MS-MS characterization.

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of temperature, solvent (hydroethanolic mixtures) and pH on the recovery of individual phenolic compounds from 'horchata' by-products. These parameters were optimized by response surface methodology and triple-TOF-LC-MS-MS was selected as the analytical tool to identify and quantify the individual compounds. The optimum extraction conditions were 50% ethanol, 35 °C and pH 2.5, which resulted in values of 222.6 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g dry matter and 1948.1 µM trolox equivalent (TE)/g of dry matter for total phenolic content (TPC) and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), respectively. The extraction of phenolic compounds by the conventional solvent method with agitation was influenced by temperature (p = 0.0073), and more strongly, by the content of ethanol in the extraction solution (p = 0.0007) while the pH did not show a great impact (p = 0.7961). On the other hand, the extraction of phenolic acids was affected by temperature (p = 0.0003) and by ethanol amount (p < 0.0001) but not by the pH values (p = 0.53). In addition, the percentage of ethanol influenced notably the extraction of both 4-vinylphenol (p = 0.0002) and the hydroxycinnamic acids (p = 0.0039). Finally, the main individual phenolic extracted with hydroethanolic mixtures was 4-vinylphenol (303.3 μg/kg DW) followed by spinacetin3-O-glucosyl-(1→6)-glucoside (86.2 μg/kg DW) and sinensetin (77.8 μg/kg DW)

Óptimos técnicos para la producción de leche y carne en el sistema bovino de doble propósito del trópico mexicano

Se presenta información útil y relevante en términos de economía y producción como herramienta para la toma de desicionesEl objetivo de este estudio fue estimar y analizar los resultados obtenidos de una función de producción de leche y carne en unidades de producción del sistema de doble propósito (DP). Los datos se obtuvieron a través de encuestas mensuales, donde se registró información de producción de leche, carne, ingresos y egresos económicos, durante 12 meses. Las funciones se estimaron por el método indirecto de regresión lineal con datos transformados para una función Cobb-Douglas. La función para leche mostró que los insumos alimento y vacas explican el 91 % de la producción, con coeficientes de elasticidad de 0.34 y 0.5, productos marginales de 0.75 y 892.2 con valores de $4.03 y$4,800.2 respectivamente. Los insumos utilizados para la producción de leche se encuentran en la etapa II de producción con rendimientos marginales decrecientes, mientras que para la producción de carne los insumos alimento y vacas explican el 72 % de la producción, con coeficientes de elasticidades de producción de -0.20 y 1.11 respectivamente; el alimento se ubicó en la etapa III de producción con rendimientos marginales negativos, y el insumo vacas se encontró en la etapa I con rendimientos marginales crecientes. La suma de los coeficientes de ambas funciones que fueron 0.92 y 0.91 por ser menores a uno, tienen rendimientos decrecientes a escala. El nivel óptimo técnico de producción fue de 488.97 L diarios y 10 becerros al año. Los insumos para producción de leche se están utilizando de forma racional, pero se debe evaluar la cantidad de alimento utilizada para producción de carne, ya que refleja que es sobre utilizado

Lung Transplant Improves Survival and Quality of Life Regardless of Telomere Dysfunction

Trasplante de pulmón; Fibrosis pulmonar; Trastornos de los telómerosTrasplantament pulmonar; Fibrosi pulmonar; Trastorns dels telòmersLung transplantation; Pulmonary fibrosis; Telomere disordersIntroduction: Fibrotic interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are the first indication for lung transplantation (LT). Telomere dysfunction has been associated with poor post-transplant outcomes. The aim of the study was to evaluate the morbi-mortality and quality of life in fibrotic ILDs after lung transplant depending on telomere biology. Methods: Fibrotic ILD patients that underwent lung transplant were allocated to two arms; with or without telomere dysfunction at diagnosis based on the telomere length and telomerase related gene mutations revealed by whole-exome sequencing. Post-transplant evaluation included: (1) short and long-term mortality and complications and (2) quality of life. Results: Fifty-five percent of patients that underwent LT carried rare coding mutations in telomerase-related genes. Patients with telomere shortening more frequently needed extracorporeal circulation and presented a higher rate of early post-transplant hematological complications, longer stay in the intensive care unit (ICU), and a higher number of long-term hospital admissions. However, post-transplant 1-year survival was higher than 80% regardless of telomere dysfunction, with improvement in the quality of life and oxygen therapy withdrawal. Conclusions: Post-transplant morbidity is higher in patients with telomere dysfunction and differs according to elapsed time from transplantation. However, lung transplant improves survival and quality of life and the associated complications are manageable.This study was funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III through project PI18/00367 (Co-funded by European Regional Development Fund, ERDF, a way to build Europe), Spanish Society of Respiratory (SEPAR), Barcelona Respiratory Network (BRN), and Fundació Ramón Pla Armengol. RP laboratory was funded by grants PI20-00335 (Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain supported by FEDER funds). MM-M was funded by grants PI18/00367 (Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias, ISCIII, Spain, supported by FEDER funds), AC19/00006 (Projects of International Programs, ISCIII, Spain, supported by FEDER funds), Cohorte FPI CIBERES-ISCIII, Barcelona Respiratory Network-Fundation Ramon Pla Armengol, Spanish Society of Respiratory (SEPAR), and Catalan Society of Respiratory (SOCAP-FUCAP). CF was funded by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (grant RTC-2017-6471-1; AEI/FEDER, UE), and by Cabildo Insular de Tenerife (CGIEU0000219140)

MARS Bulletin Vol 18 No 1

The annexed document is the template for the bulletin that will be issued on the 9th March. This bulletin covers meteorological analysis and crop yield forecasts for the period 1st November 2009 to 28 February 2010JRC.DG.G.3-Monitoring agricultural resource

JRC MARS Bulletin - Crop monitoring in Europe, December 2018

Sowing and development of winter cereals had been delayed due to dry conditions in large parts of Europe. Relatively mild conditions have slowed hardening of winter wheat in western Europe. In central, northern and eastern Europe, forecasts of colder conditions are expected to improve frost tolerance.JRC.D.5-Food Securit