L’experiència d’usuari en la televisió i el vídeo per internet: un estudi de la interactivitat i unidireccionalitat

This paper presents a quantitative analysis of a sample of six hundred audiovisual initiatives targeting the web as a distribution platform. The main purpose of this study involves using our sample to establish what we call unidirectional and interactive dimensions, based on the description of several indicators that will determine the nature of the services implemented and applications used in all the items analysed. These dimensions will be compared with two variables in order to analyse, firstly, the content lines, and secondly, whether or not the items represent the extension of conventional communication media (unidirectionality) on the web. The resulting data will show and specify the main differences between the dimensions of unidirectionality and interactivity with regard to the variables mentioned above. The findings here show that software development capacity informs the coexistence between conventional mass media functions and new participation options, but the results obtained lead us to conclude that interactivity is not considered the most representative quality of our study sample.En aquest article es presenta un estudi quantitatiu sobre una mostra de siscentes iniciatives audiovisuals destinades al web com a plataforma de difusió. L’objectiu principal de l’estudi consisteix a establir en la nostra mostra el que anomenem dimensions unidireccionals i interactives, basant-nos en la definició d’una sèrie d’indicadors de funcionalitat que marcaran la naturalesa dels serveis i aplicacions implementats en els casos d’anàlisi. Aquestes dimensions són contrastades amb dues variables que determinaran, en primer lloc, si el cas d’estudi representa l’extensió a la web d’un mitjà de comunicació convencional i, en segon lloc, les línies de contingut. Les dades resultants precisaran les diferències entre les dimensions unidireccionalitat i interactivitat respecte de les variables esmentades prèviament. Els resultats obtinguts mostren com la línia de desenvolupament del programari permet la coexistència de funcionalitats pròpies dels mitjans de masses (convencionals) i de noves opcions de participació. Si bé, en la determinació final de l’experiència d’usuari, “social” representa la paraula clau.Depto. de Teorías y Análisis de la ComunicaciónFac. de Ciencias de la InformaciónTRUEpu

Bacterial etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in immunocompetent hospitalized patients and appropriateness of empirical treatment recommendations: an international point-prevalence study

An accurate knowledge of the epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is key for selecting appropriate antimicrobial treatments. Very few etiological studies assessed the appropriateness of empiric guideline recommendations at a multinational level. This study aims at the following: (i) describing the bacterial etiologic distribution of CAP and (ii) assessing the appropriateness of the empirical treatment recommendations by clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for CAP in light of the bacterial pathogens diagnosed as causative agents of CAP. Secondary analysis of the GLIMP, a point-prevalence international study which enrolled adults hospitalized with CAP in 2015. The analysis was limited to immunocompetent patients tested for bacterial CAP agents within 24 h of admission. The CAP CPGs evaluated included the following: the 2007 and 2019 American Thoracic Society/Infectious Diseases Society of America (ATS/IDSA), the European Respiratory Society (ERS), and selected country-specific CPGs. Among 2564 patients enrolled, 35.3% had an identifiable pathogen. Streptococcus pneumoniae (8.2%) was the most frequently identified pathogen, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4.1%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (3.4%). CPGs appropriately recommend covering more than 90% of all the potential pathogens causing CAP, with the exception of patients enrolled from Germany, Pakistan, and Croatia. The 2019 ATS/IDSA CPGs appropriately recommend covering 93.6% of the cases compared with 90.3% of the ERS CPGs (p < 0.01). S. pneumoniae remains the most common pathogen in patients hospitalized with CAP. Multinational CPG recommendations for patients with CAP seem to appropriately cover the most common pathogens and should be strongly encouraged for the management of CAP patients.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio