Unsupervised Deep Single-Image Intrinsic Decomposition using Illumination-Varying Image Sequences

Machine learning based Single Image Intrinsic Decomposition (SIID) methods decompose a captured scene into its albedo and shading images by using the knowledge of a large set of known and realistic ground truth decompositions. Collecting and annotating such a dataset is an approach that cannot scale to sufficient variety and realism. We free ourselves from this limitation by training on unannotated images. Our method leverages the observation that two images of the same scene but with different lighting provide useful information on their intrinsic properties: by definition, albedo is invariant to lighting conditions, and cross-combining the estimated albedo of a first image with the estimated shading of a second one should lead back to the second one's input image. We transcribe this relationship into a siamese training scheme for a deep convolutional neural network that decomposes a single image into albedo and shading. The siamese setting allows us to introduce a new loss function including such cross-combinations, and to train solely on (time-lapse) images, discarding the need for any ground truth annotations. As a result, our method has the good properties of i) taking advantage of the time-varying information of image sequences in the (pre-computed) training step, ii) not requiring ground truth data to train on, and iii) being able to decompose single images of unseen scenes at runtime. To demonstrate and evaluate our work, we additionally propose a new rendered dataset containing illumination-varying scenes and a set of quantitative metrics to evaluate SIID algorithms. Despite its unsupervised nature, our results compete with state of the art methods, including supervised and non data-driven methods.Comment: To appear in Pacific Graphics 201

Cauchy's residue theorem for a class of real valued functions

Let $[a,b]$ be an interval in $\mathbb{R}$ and let $F$ be a real valued function defined at the endpoints of $[a,b]$ and with a certain number of discontinuities within $[a,b]$. Having assumed $F$ to be differentiable on a set $[a,b] \backslash E$ to the derivative $f$, where $E$ is a subset of $[a,b]$ at whose points $F$ can take values $\pm \infty$ or not be defined at all, we adopt the convention that $F$ and $f$ are equal to 0 at all points of $E$ and show that $\mathcal{KH-}vt\int_{a}^{b}f=F(b) -F(a)$%, where $\mathcal{KH-}$ $vt$ denotes the total value of the \textit{% Kurzweil-Henstock} integral. The paper ends with a few examples that illustrate the theory.Comment: 6 page

Crop-based irrigation operations in the North West Frontier Province of Pakistan. Vol.II: Research approach and interpretation. Final Report

Irrigation management / Crop-based irrigation / Research / Irrigation canals / Water demand / Performance evaluation / Agricultural production / Pakistan / North West Frontier Province

Synthesis and properties of 35S, 14C and 3H labeled S-alkyl glycerol ethers and derivatives

Radioactive S-alkyl glycerol ethers have been synthesized with 35S, 14C and 3H labels as well as 3H/35S double labels.The synthesized compounds were converted to various derivatives which can serve to characterize the S-alkyl glycerol ethers. These included the isopropChemical analysis, IR, NMR, zonal TLC profile scans and GLC showed all the products to be > 99% pure.The GLC behaviour of the aldehyde and acetate derivatives of both S-alkyl glycerol ethers and O-alkyl glycerol ethers on EGSS-X was compared.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/21737/1/0000130.pd

Projected shell model study of odd-odd f-p-g shell proton-rich nuclei

A systematic study of 2-quasiparticle bands of the proton-rich odd-odd nuclei in the mass A ~ 70-80 region is performed using the projected shell model approach. The study includes Br-, Rb-, and Y-isotopes with N = Z+2, and Z+4. We describe the energy spectra and electromagnetic transition strengths in terms of the configuration mixing of the angular-momentum projected multi-quasiparticle states. Signature splitting and signature inversion in the rotational bands are discussed and are shown to be well described. A preliminary study of the odd-odd N = Z nucleus, 74Rb using the concept of spontaneous symmetry breaking is also presented.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures, final version accepted by Phys. Rev.

A Simple Analytical Model of the Angular Momentum Transformation in Strongly Focused Light Beams

A ray-optics model is proposed to describe the vector beam transformation in a strongly focusing optical system. In contrast to usual approaches basing on the focused field distribution near the focal plane, we employ the transformed beam pattern formed immediately near the exit pupil. In this cross section, details of the output field distribution are of minor physical interest but proper allowance is made for transformation of the incident beam polarization state. This enables to obtain the spin and orbital angular momentum representations which are valid everywhere in the transformed beam space. Simple analytical results are available for the transversely homogeneous circularly polarized incident beam limited only by the circular aperture. Behavior of the spin and orbital angular momenta of the output beam and their dependences on the focusing strength (aperture angle) are analyzed. The obtained analytical results are in good qualitative and reasonable quantitative agreement to the calculation performed for the spatially inhomogeneous Gaussian and Laguerre-Gaussian beams. In application to Laguerre-Gaussian beams, the model provides possibility for analyzing the angular momentum transformation in beams already possessing some mixture of the spin and orbital angular momenta. The model supplies efficient and physically transparent means for qualitative analysis of the spin-to-orbital angular momentum conversion. It can be generalized to incident beams with complicated spatial and polarization structure.Comment: 18 pages, 5 figures. The paper has appeared as an attempt to clearly understand transformations of the light beam polarization in the course of strong focusing. It provides description of the optical vortex formation after focusing a circularly polarized beam and explains why the the orbital angular momentum emerges in the focused bea