21 research outputs found

    Alcances y limitaciones de la participación infantil en orientaciones técnicas de programas ambulatorios SENAME: un análisis documental

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    Among children's rights, the one about participation acts as a protective factor for their development and wellbeing, and as a means for achieving other rights. In Chile, research in child participation is scarce, especially in the national child protection system, SENAME by its abbreviation in Spanish . It is crucial to promote and safeguard a meaningful child participation,considering the impact that decisions taken in protection systems might have in their lives. This study strives to comprehend the scope and limitations of child participation in technical orientative documents of SENAME's outpatient programs, through a document analysis using grounded theory. Results show that the concept "participation" in these documents is applied inconsistently, and mechanisms and spaces of participation for children seem diffuse. Children are seen as victims or vulnerable beings in the documents, and that appears to limit their possibilities of participating by themselves; thus, the family or caretakers of the child take a central role in the documents.Entre los derechos del niño, el derecho a la participación es un factor protector para su desarrollo y bienestar, y un medio para la consecución de otros derechos. En Chile, la investigación en participación infantil es escasa, en especial en el sistema de protección infantil, SENAME. Es crucial promover y resguardar una participación infantil significativa, considerando el impacto que pueden tener en sus vidas las decisiones tomadas en los sistemas de protección. Este estudio busca comprender los alcances y limitaciones de la participación infantil en las orientaciones técnicas de los programas ambulatorios de SENAME a través de un análisis documental en base a teoría fundamentada. Los resultados muestran que el concepto de “participación” en los documentos es aplicado de manera inconsistente, y que los mecanismos e instancias de participación para los niños, niñas y adolescentes (NNA) resultan poco definidos. Los NNA son vistos principalmente como víctimas o seres vulnerables, lo cual parece limitar sus posibilidades de participar por sí solos; así, la familia o cuidadores toman un rol central en el proceso

    Skeletal Anomalies in Senegalese Sole (Solea senegalensis), an Anosteocytic Boned Flatfish Species

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    Skeletal anomalies affect animal welfare and cause important economic problems in aquaculture. Despite the high frequency of skeletal problems in reared Solea senegalensis, there is lack of information regarding the histological features of normal and deformed vertebrae in this flatfish. The aim of this study was to describe the histopathological and radiographical appearance of vertebral body anomalies. Sixty-seven juvenile fish were radiographically examined 104 or 105 days after hatching. Through radiographic images, vertebral segments were selected and processed for histopathological examination from 7 normal and 7 affected fish. Alterations in bone shape and vertebral fusion were the most significant anomalies in the vertebral bodies. These alterations occurred most frequently between the last 3 abdominal vertebrae and the first 10 caudal centra. Radiographically, deformed vertebrae showed flattening of the endplates and narrowing of the intervertebral spaces. The radiographic findings concurred with the histological lesions where affected vertebrae exhibited irregular endplates and changes in trabecular bone. Radiolucent cartilaginous tissue was evident in the endplates of the deformed vertebra and, in some cases, the cartilaginous material extended from the growth zone into the intervertebral space. These changes were likely the primary alterations that led to vertebral fusion. Fused vertebrae were often reshaped and showed a reorganization of the trabeculae. The formation of metaplastic cartilage is frequent in a variety of anomalies affecting teleost speciesThe author(s) received the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was funded by “Consellería de Economía e Industria” of Xunta de Galicia (10MMA020E) and by “Programa de Consolidación e Estructuración de Unidades de Investigación Competitivas GPC2015/034,” Spain. A. M. de Azevedo held a University Professorship Formation (FPU) grant from the Spanish Ministry of EducationS

    New insight on vertebral anomalies in cultured Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis, Kaup) at early stages of development

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    Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis, Kaup) is a promising flatfish species in aquaculture. However, skeletal anomalies are still a great concern in sole farming. Investigation of this issue is crucial to improving larval quality and optimizing production. The aim of this study was to thoroughly assess anomalies in the rachis of reared sole at early developmental stages. Sole (n = 507) were sampled at 31 or 32 days after hatching (dah). The specimens were stained with alcian blue and alizarin red and evaluated for the detection of vertebral deformities. Most fish presented 9:34:3 vertebrae in abdominal, caudal and caudal complex regions, respectively. Remarkably, all specimens showed at least one spinal anomaly. Alterations of neural/haemal elements, as well as deformities of hypurals, parhypural and epural, were recurrent. Vertebral body anomalies and/or vertebral column deviations were identified in 52% of the individuals. Vertebral deformations and fusions were common, especially in caudal complex. ‘Minor’ anomalies were predominant, and some of the detected disorders might be a result of non-/low-pathological processes. These results contribute a new insight into the main skeletal anomalies affecting cultured sole larvae. Further research is required to determine their impact on fish welfare and external appearances at commercial stagesConselleria de Economía e Industria - Xunta de Galicia (10MMA020E) Programa de Consolidación e Estructuración de Unidades de InvestigaciónCompetitivas GPC2015/034 A.M. de Azevedo held a University Professorship Formation (FPU) grant from the Spanish Ministry of Education.S

    Skeletal anomalies in reared Senegalese sole Solea senegalensis juveniles: a radiographic approach

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    Reared Senegalese sole Solea senegalensis Kaup show a high incidence of vertebral anomalies; however, little is known about its skeletal anomaly profile in the later farming phases. The purpose of this study was to provide a detailed description and quantification of the most common skeletal anomalies in reared Senegalese sole in the juvenile stage by means of computed radiography. A total of 374 Senegalese sole were classified according to the external morphology of the fish as normal or altered and then radiographed in latero-lateral and in dorso-ventral projections. Radiographic evaluation of anomalies focused especially on vertebral body anomalies (VBA) and vertebral column deviations (VCD). The 2 orthogonal projections provided a more complete visualization of the skeleton. Approximately 75% of the individuals showed at least 1 anomaly, while VBA and/or VCD were detected in 48.9% of the specimens. Regarding external morphology, 88% of the fish were categorized as normal, although about 72% of these normal fish displayed abnormalities in radiographies. The most frequent anomalies consisted of deformations of the caudal complex plates (hypurals, parhypural and epural), preurals and caudal vertebrae. Scoliosis was the most prevalent among VCD, affecting the caudal area in almost 15% of the individuals. The anomaly profile at the juvenile stages showed some differences compared to what has been reported previously in earlier stages of development. In light of these results, further investigation into the progression of skeletal anomalies over time and the causative factors at later stages is requiredThis work was supported by Consellería de Economía e Industria of Xunta de Galicia (10MMA020E) and Programa de Consolidación e Estructuración de Unidades de Investigación Competitivas GPC2015/034, Spain. A.M.A. held a University Professorship Formation (FPU) grant from the Spanish Ministry of EducationS

    "Voy a salir de aquí y ya tengo que sobrevivir por las mías" Vivencias de ex residentes de programas residenciales en su transición hacia la vida independiente

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    In Chile, young people in residential programs run by the National Minors’ Service (SENAME) face egress as soon as they reach legal age. In this process, these young people face a series of challenges, as they find themselves in the context of the ceasing of support from the government and limited support networks. This study sought to explore and describe the experiences of transition to independent life and egress due to legal age, from the perspective of leavers' participation in the process. The participants were five residential program leavers from different boroughs of Santiago, whose ages ranged between 18 and 21. The methodology used to analyse the data was Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis and the main findings were that the process of egress was perceived by interviewees as abrupt, hasty, and lonely, noting a lack of robust support networks and scarce meaningful bonds. An absence of preparation for independent life by residential program staff was noted, as well as a scarce participation and impact regarding decisions related to these young people’s future. Interviewees qualified egress as a signifier of greater freedom, nevertheless they experienced some anxiety related to self-sufficiency. Leavers highlighted their autonomy and resilience in this adverse context.En Chile, los/as jóvenes de programas residenciales del Servicio Nacional de Menores (SENAME), al cumplir la mayoría de edad se enfrentan a su egreso, en el cual vivencian una serie de desafíos, pues se ven insertos/as en un contexto de cese de protección del Estado, y limitadas redes de apoyo. Este estudio buscó explorar y describir las vivencias de la transición a la vida independiente y egreso por mayoría de edad, desde la perspectiva de la participación de los/as jóvenes en dicho proceso. Participaron cinco egresados/as de residencias de distintas comunas de Santiago, cuyas edades fluctuaron entre 18 y 21 años. La metodología utilizada fue el Análisis Fenomenológico Interpretativo (AFI) y los principales hallazgos indicaron que los/as entrevistados/as caracterizaron el proceso de egreso como abrupto, rápido y solitario, denotando escasas redes de apoyo y vínculos significativos. Se destacó una ausencia de preparación para la vida independiente desde las residencias, y una escasa participación en las decisiones relacionadas con su futuro. Adicionalmente significaron el egreso como una ganancia de mayor libertad, no obstante, experimentaron inquietud respecto a la subsistencia por sí mismos/as. Los/as jóvenes destacaron su autonomía y resiliencia en este contexto adverso

    Territorios comunes: construimos acción política desde la formación. Sistematización del Diplomado en Fortalecimientos de Liderazgos Colectivos: Conflictos Socioambientales y Participación Política

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    Vivencias como este diplomado son un horizonte de sentido que permite recrear el quehacer de un centro de educación, acción social y pensamiento crítico que, desde la investigación-acción y el abordaje interdisciplinar, ha venido tejiendo una ecología de saberes en la co-construcción de un conocimiento situado y de relevancia social, útil para posibilitar transformaciones; esta ha sido la apuesta durante los últimos años del CED. Lo anterior ha sido posible a través de la relación sostenida entre las organizaciones sociales y UNIMINUTO como academia, que ha posibilitado hacer conciencia de la realidad histórica contemporánea; leer las complejidades del contexto; aprender de las acciones colectivas y populares permanentes de las comunidades; y, en consecuencia, sentirnos corresponsables en la búsqueda de alternativas de mundos donde pueda ser posible la vida digna. Por ello, la sistematización que se presenta en esta publicación es producto de un trabajo colectivo que ha permitido afianzar las discusiones y apuestas comunes en torno a las luchas socioterritoriales de Bogotá, principalmente las que se ubican en las localidades de Ciudad Bolívar y Usme, por un derecho a la ciudad, al territorio y a construir desde los sures

    «Ella es mi favorita»: perspectivas infantiles sobre el buen cuidado en residencias

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    This research explores the perspectives of children living in residential programs regarding the characteristics of a good caregiver. A qualitative study was developed using graphic techniques and group interviews with 14 children living in residential programs in Valparaíso-Chile. The network of care perceived by the children at individual and residential level was identified, highlighting residential figures over family members. The children showed a specificity of the bond with their residential caregivers and suggested characteristics of a good caregiver, associated with protection, permanence and daily accompaniment. Affection is a cross-cutting element in children's narratives about their caregiving experiences and perspectives on what makes a good caregiver. The results suggest that residential programs should consider children's perspectives and create conditions to favor this affective bonding with caregivers.Explora-se as perspectivas das crianças que vivem em programas residenciais sobre as características do bom cuidador. Foi desenvolvido um estudo qualitativo utilizando técnicas gráficas e entrevistas de grupo com 14 crianças que vivem em lares residenciais em Valparaíso-Chile. A rede de cuidados percebida pelas crianças a nível individual e residencial foi identificada, destacando-se as figuras residenciais sobre as familiares. As crianças expressaram uma especificidade do vínculo com os seus cuidadores residenciais e sugeriram características do bom cuidador, associadas à protecção, per-manência e acompanhamento diário. O afecto é um elemento transversal nas narrativas das crianças sobre as suas experiências de cuidados e perspectivas sobre o que faz um bom cuidador. Os resultados sugerem que os programas residenciais devem considerar as perspectivas das crianças e criar condições para fomentar esta ligação afectiva.Esta investigación explora las perspectivas de niños/as que viven en programas residenciales respecto a las características de un buen cuidador/a. Se desarrolló un estudio cualitativo utilizando técnicas gráficas y entrevistas grupales a 14 niños/as que viven en residencias de Valparaíso-Chile. Se identificó la red de cuidado percibido por los niños/as a nivel individual y residencial, destacando las figuras residenciales por sobre familiares. Los niños/as manifestaron una especificidad del vínculo con sus cuidadoras residenciales y sugieren características de un buen cuidador, asociadas a protección, permanencia y acompañamiento cotidiano. El cariño es un elemento transversal en la narrativa infantil sobre sus experiencias de cuidado y perspectivas sobre lo que hace un buen cuidador. Los resultados sugieren que los programas residenciales debieran considerar las perspectivas infantiles y crear condiciones para favorecer esta vinculación afectiva

    «Ella es mi favorita»: perspectivas infantiles sobre el buen cuidado en residencias

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    Esta investigación explora las perspectivas de niños/as que viven en programas residenciales respecto a las características de un buen cuidador/a. Se desarrolló un estudio cualitativo utilizando técnicas gráficas y entrevistas grupales a 14 niños/as que viven en residencias de Valparaíso-Chile. Se identificó la red de cuidado percibido por los niños/as a nivel individual y residencial, destacando las figuras residenciales por sobre familiares. Los niños/as manifestaron una especificidad del vínculo con sus cuidadoras residenciales y sugieren características de un buen cuidador, asociadas a protección, permanencia y acompañamiento cotidiano. El cariño es un elemento transversal en la narrativa infantil sobre sus experiencias de cuidado y perspectivas sobre lo que hace un buen cuidador. Los resultados sugieren que los programas residenciales debieran considerar las perspectivas infantiles y crear condiciones para favorecer esta vinculación afectiva

    Apego e hiperactividad: un estudio exploratorio del vínculo madre-hijo.

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    Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the main reasons for attending Child Psychological and Psychiatric services. Recent studies have suggested that ADHD may appear in the context of unsecure attachment. The present article shows the results on an exploratory study that inquires in the internal representations of children diagnosed with ADHD and their mothers, through psychological testing. The distribution of attachment is studied comparing it with non clinical population results, and a relationship between children and mothers attachment style is established, in terms of qualitative and quantitative characteristics as well as the symptoms of the disorder. The results show significant differences in attachment style in clinical and control patients. The clinical implications of the findings and the need for attachment considerations in the treatment of ADHD are discussed.El Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad (TDAH) es uno de los principales motivos de consulta en los Servicios de Psiquiatría y Psicología Infantil. Estudios recientes han sugerido que el TDAH podría darse en el contexto de un vínculo inseguro. El presente artículo presenta los resultados de un estudio que explora las representaciones internas del vínculo en niños con diagnóstico de TDAH y en sus madres, mediante la aplicación de pruebas de evaluación. Se estudia la distribución de estilos vinculares comparándola con la encontrada en población no clínica, se establecen relaciones entre el estilo vincular del niño y el de su madre y se exploran aspectos cualitativos del vínculo y su relación con la sintomatología del cuadro. Los resultados señalan diferencias significativas entre el grupo control y el clínico en cuanto al vínculo madre-hijo. Se discuten las implicaciones clínicas de estos resultados y la necesidad de considerar los estilos vinculares en el tratamiento de los niños con TDAH
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